Abstract The chemical composition of the oils obtained from leaves of five Eugenia species, collected from different areas of southern Brazil, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-one compounds were identified in the different samples analyzed representing 81.9â93.6% of the oil contents. E. umbelliflora and E. uruguayensis oils were found to be rich in α- and β-pinene (24.7% and 23.5%, and 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively). In E. pluriflora, α-pinene (24.0%) and 1, 8-cineole (12.7%) were the principal components. In addition, E. pluriflora oil also contained an important amount of (E)-nerolidol (24.6%). E. platysema and E. ramboi oils were characterized by being rich in sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons of the germacrane group. Aromadendrane and selinane skeletons, such as allo-aromadendrene (12.6%) and β-selinene (17.9%), characterized E. platysema oil, while E. ramboi oil elemane and germacrane skeletons, such as β-elemene (10.6%) and bicyclogermacrene (9.7%) were the major compounds.