Abstract A steam-distilled oil obtained from the aerial parts of Teucrium carolipaui Pau grown in Spain was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Forty-four components were characterized, of which four were monoterpenes amounting to 1.4%, and 38 sesquiterpenes that totalled 97.9%. The oil contained β-caryophyllene (8.2%), δ-cadinene (14.3%), α-cadinol (7.2%) and 3-β-hydroxy-α-muurolene (9.4%) as major constituents. Other important components were found to be cadina-l,4-diene (4.3%), caryophyllene oxide (4.5%), 1-epi-cubenol (4.1%) and cubenol (3.5%).