INSERT INTO `bibliography` VALUES (1214,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699989','Composition and Variability of the Essential Oil in<i>Thymus zygis</i>from Southern Spain','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699989',14,'https://openalex.org/W2013063241','Abstract An investigation by GC/MS into the composition and variability of the essential oils contained in 63 individual plants taken from 21 populations of Thymus zygis L. in Southern Spain was carried out. Chemometric investigation of the infraspecific variability of the essential oils of these populations led to the differentiation of seven main chemotypes: thymol, carvacrol, linalool, α-terpinyl acetate, thymol/p-cymene/γ-terpinene, 1,8-cineole/myrcene/spathulenol and 1,8-cineole/α-terpineol. The phenolic compound thymol was the most common constituent in the majority of the samples studied. The concentration of its precursors, p-cymene and γ-terpinene was also noteworthy. There was no chemotaxonomic differentiation between the two subspecies (gracilis and sylvestris) for the Thymus zygis plants studied'),(1215,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699990','Effect of the Leaf Drying and Geographic Sources on the Essential Oil Composition of<i>Juniperus thurifera L.</i>var.<i>Africana</i>Maire from the TensiftâAl Haouz, Marrakech Region','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699990',15,'https://openalex.org/W1988984564','Abstract Essential oils of Moroccan Juniperus thurifera var. africana from three provenances (Forêt Islane, Ait Lkak and Plateau of Matat) in the Tensift-Al Haouz, Marrakech region, were analyzed by combined capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The oil yields from fresh leaves showed on differences among geographical sources. Air dried leaves appeared to yield more oil at the highest elevation (1.03%, Ait Lkak, 2900 m) than lower sites (0.67%, Plateau of Matat, 2200 m; 0.57%, Forêt Islane, 2000 m). The essential oils from each geographic site had very similar composition in fresh versus air dried leaves. The essential oils from provenance Ait Lkak and Plateau of Matat were very similar and characterized by a high sabinene content (21.2, 35.9%), in contrast to 10.% sabinene from the provenance Forêt Islane. The oil from Foret Islane had a high δ-cadinene content with 12.7%, whereas Aik Akak and Plateau of Matat contained only 0.6 and 0.8%. The Moroccan oils (J. thurifera var. africana) were compared to European J. thurifera var. thurifera (Spain) oil. Moroccan oils were found to be higher sabinene and limonene than the European oil'),(1216,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699991','Volatile Constituents of Camu-camu (<i>Myrciaria dubia</i>(HBK) McVaugh) Leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699991',17,'https://openalex.org/W1991413412','Abstract The chemical composition of the leaf oil of camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (HBK) McVaugh) was studied by GC and GC/MS. One hundred and fifteen components of the oil were identified, of which α-pinene (74.3%) and limonene (10.8%) were the major constituents. The composition of the leaf oil was characterized by its richness in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and the presence of many esters and unsaturated aldehydes Key Word Index: Camu-camu Myrciaria dubia Myrtaceaeessential oil compositionα-pinenelimonene'),(1217,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699992','The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Messerschmidia sibirica</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699992',7,'https://openalex.org/W1993388609','Abstract The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Messerschmidia sibirica L. (Boraginaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-three components have been identified in this the oil. The major constituents of the essential oil were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (29.9%), (E,E)-farnesyl acetate (12.3%) and phytol (10.8%)'),(1218,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699993','Composition of the essential oil of<i>Tanacetum polycephalum</i>Schultz Bip. subsp.<i>farsicum</i>Podl. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699993',8,'https://openalex.org/W1968829360','Abstract The essential oil of Tanacetum polycephalum Schultz Bip. subsp. farsicum Podl. growing wild in Iran was obtained by hydrodistallation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-eight components representing 84.5% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (24.7%), 1,8-cineole (9.2%), trans- chrysanthenol (8.9%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (7.1%) and cis-chrysanthenol (6.7%)'),(1219,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699994','Essential Oil Constituents of<i>Klainedoxa gabonensis</i>Pierre Ex Engl (Irvingiaceae),<i>Brachystegia nigerica</i>Hoyle et A. Jones (Caesalpinioideae) and<i>Acalypha segetalis</i>(Muell.) Arg., (Euphorbiaceae)<sup>a</sup>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699994',9,'https://openalex.org/W2045608245','The volatile composition of Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre ex Engl., Brachystegia nigerica Hoyle et A. Jones and Acalypha segetalis Muell Arg., has been studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus while the analyses were performed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of K. gabonensis oils were geranyl acetone (13.8%), β-bourbonene (11.1%) and (?)-α-ionone (10.5%) from the leaves; linalool (17.4%), 1, 8-cineole (9.9%) and 1-octen-3-ol (8.0%) from the stem bark, with 1, 2, 3-trimethylbenzene (9.8%), 1-ethyl-2-methyl benzene (9.1%), pentyl benzene(9.1%) and methyl salicylate (9.1%) occurring in higher proportions in the root oil. The leaf oil of B. nigerica was dominated by α-pinene (17.7%), β-selinene (12.5%) and α-gurjunene (8.8%). The main compounds identified in the oil of A. segetalis were α-pinene (29.8%), 1, 8-cineole (16.2%), (?)-phytol (11.8%) and δ-3-carene (9.8%). The present investigation may represent the first of its kind on the characterization of the volatile constituents of the studied plant samples. © 2008, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.'),(1220,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699995','Composition of Leaf, Fruit and Gall Essential Oils of Algerian<i>Pistacia atlantica</i>Desf.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699995',42,'https://openalex.org/W2026135147','Abstract Pistacia atlantica Desf. is widely distributed in South Algeria. It is a medicinal and foodstuff plant. Decoctions of leaves and fruits are used against stomach ache and caught. Ripe fruits are components of tonic sweets. Essential oils from leaves, fruits and galls of P. atlantica, analyzed by GC/FID, GC/MS and 13C-NMR, were dominated by monoter-pene hydrocarbons, α-pinene (32.6â54.7%) and β-pinene (8.0â20.2%) being the major components. Sesquiterpenes accounted for 14.1â21.7% in leaf oils, 3.6% in fruit oil and 4.8% in gall oil.'),(1221,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699996','Volatile Constituents of the Fruits of<i>Clusia nemorasa</i>G.Mey. from Different Region of Atlantic Coast restingas of Pernambuco (Northeast of Brazil)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699996',8,'https://openalex.org/W2062380150','Abstract The volatile components of the fruits from nine collections of Clusia nemorosa G. Mey. from two municipalities (Tamandaré: T1â3 and Cabo de Santo Agostinho: N1â3; G1â3) of the coastal region of Pernambuco, Northeast of Brazil, in two kind of soil, rocky rich in iron (N1â3) and sandy clays (T1â3 and G1â3), were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The isolated oils were obtained in similar yields, 0.1â0.3 % (w/w) and 0.1â0.2% (w/w) in the samples from Taman- daré (T1â3) and Fortress Nazaré (N1â3) and in the samples from Gaibú (G1â3), respectively. The oil samples can be characterized by the abundance of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, while the percentage of oxygenated sesquiterpenes was higher in the samples collected in Tamandaré (T1â3: 20.4â22.0%) and Gaibú (G1â3: 17.6â20.4%). Monoterpenes hydrocarbons were totally absent in all samples. All samples showed β-caryophyllene (37.3â48.6%) as the principal component. Based on the information of other major components, two subtypes of C. nemorosa growing wild in Pernambuco, Brazil, can be established'),(1222,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699997','Composition and Chemical Variation of the Essential Oil from Leaves Of<i>Eugenia brasiliensis</i>Lam. And<i>Eugenia</i>sp. (Myrtaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699997',17,'https://openalex.org/W2034656949','Abstract The essential oils from leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis and Eugenia sp. collected bimonthly during one year (four times in the 15th day of January, March, May, July, September, and November 2004) were subjected to GC-FID and GC/MS analysis. The obtained data showed a significant variation in the proportions of the components, which could be associated to climatic parameters in each collection periods'),(1223,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699998','Essential Oil Composition of Two Species of<i>Eremostachys</i>from Iran (<i>E. adenantha</i>Jaub. et Spach and<i>E. macrophylla</i>Montbr. et Auch.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699998',13,'https://openalex.org/W1979493566','Abstract The essential oils of Eremostachys adenantha and Eremostachys macrophylla have been investigated by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-six compounds of E. adenantha and thirty-five of E. macrophylla representing 91.2% and 92.9% of the oils were identified, respectively. The main constituents of the oil of E. adenantha were dodecanal (12.7%), hexadecanoic acid (9.9%) and 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (9.0%); while for E. macrophylla, they were spathulenol (23.4%), hexadecanoic acid (13.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.3%) Key Word Index: Eremostachys adenantha Eremostachys macrophylla Lamiaceaeessential oil compositiondodecanalspathulenolhexadecanoic acid'),(1224,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9699999','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from the Herb of<i>Erigeron annuus</i>(L.) Pers','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9699999',5,'https://openalex.org/W2031856177','Abstract The essential oil obtained from the herb of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. harvested at four ontogenesis phases was analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. More than 60 compounds were identified. Sesquiterpenoids constituted about 90% of the oil. Germacrene D (42.7â63.7%) and β-caryophyllene (9.0â15.9%) were the main constituents. The content of germacrene D increased until the flowering stage, however, the content of β-caryophyllene decreased at the same time'),(1225,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700000','Volatile Constituents of<i>Alococarpum erianthum</i>(DC) H. Riedl &amp; Kuber.<i>Ferula ovina</i>(Boiss.) Boiss. and<i>Pimpinella affinis</i>Ledeb. Three Umbelliferae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700000',12,'https://openalex.org/W1981189835','Abstract The composition of the essential oils from three Umbelliferae species of Iran -Alococarpum erianthum (DC) H.Riedl et Kuber., Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss. and Pimpinella affinis Ledeb.-were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. During the flowering period, two oils (A. erianthum and F.ovina) consisted mainly of monoterpenes, while in P. affinis oil sesquiterpenes predominated over monoterpenes. The oils of A. erianthum and F.ovina were rich in α-pinene (46.5% and 50.0%) and limonene (10.1% and 11.5%), respectively. In the oil of P. affinis, trans-α-bergamotene (56.2 %) and (E)-γ-bisabolene (11.3 %) were found to be the major constituents'),(1226,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700001','The Botanical Source of Chinese Cedarwood Oil:<i>Cupressus funebris</i>or Cupressaceae Species?','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700001',18,'https://openalex.org/W2048338406','Abstract Cupressus funebris is generally regarded as the botanical source of Chinese cedarwood oil. However, due the limited amount of mature forest trees of C. funebris in China, other species in the Cupressaceae that have wood oils high in α-cedrene, β-cedrene, thujopsene and cedrol might be utilized for cedarwood oil production. Wood samples of putative C. funebris were extracted and the extracts were analyzed and compared with several lots of Chinese cedarwood oil. Wood oils were also extracted from Juniperus chinensis and J. c. cv. torrulosa and analyzed. Considerable variation was found among the wood oils of putative C. funebris. The various lots of commercial Chinese cedarwood oils were very variable: α-cedrene (3.6â44.2%), β-cedrene (3.5â11.5%), cis-thujopsene (1.9â37.4%), cedrol (1.7â23.4%). The presence of β-biotol and β-biotone in several Chinese cedarwood oils seems to indicate that wood of Platycladus orientalis (Biota orientalis) was utilized in their production. It appears that Chinese cedarwood oil is derived from a mixture of woods from several Cupressaceae species'),(1227,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700002','Volatile Compounds of<i>Pourouma cecropiifolia</i>Mart. Fruits from Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700002',5,'https://openalex.org/W1990211941','Abstract The chemical composition of volatile compounds from fruits of Pourouma cecropiifolia Mart. grown in Colombia was studied by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four compounds were identified, of which linalool (20.1%) and hexadecanol (18.9%) were the major components'),(1228,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700004','Aromas from Quebec. I. Composition of the essential oil of the rhizomes of<i>Acorus calamus</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700004',18,'https://openalex.org/W2001656614','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus (sweet flag) collected in the Grondines region, Province of Quebec, was determined by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. Several components were isolated by liquid chromatography and were identified by various NMR experiments such as: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY. The major compounds were identified as preisocalamenediol, acorenone, shyobunone, and cryptoacorone. The complete stereochemical structure of cryptoacorone was elucidated'),(1229,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700006','A Commercial Essential Oil of Mandravasarotra (<i>Cinnamosma fragrans</i>Baill., Canellaceae) from Madagascar','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700006',8,'https://openalex.org/W2045864912','Abstract A commercial oil from Madagascar, labeled as mandravasarotra, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil was found to be rich in 1,8-cineole (51.0%) and sabinene (10.6%)'),(1230,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700007','Main Industrial Niaouli (<i>Melaleuca quinquenervia</i>) Oil Chemotype Productions from Madagascar','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700007',13,'https://openalex.org/W1998787450','Abstract The chemical composition of craft and industrial niaouli (Melaleuca quinquenervia) leaf essential oils from Madagascar has been investigated over ten years. Samples (159) which are representative of this country correspond each year to 1.5â2 tons essential oil production. Among the various components identified by GC/MS, twenty-one were used for statistical analyses, the major components were α- pinene (0.1â17%), limonene (0.0â12%), 1,8- cineole (0.0â71%), α- terpineol (0.0â12%), (E)-nerolidol (0.0â95%) and viridiflorol (0.1â36%). Niaouli essential oils from Madagascar were classified into three chemotypes using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): a cineole chemotype (49â62%), a viridiflorol chemotype (21â36%) and an (E)-nerolidol chemotype (56â95%). The 1,8-cineole chemotype is widespread, representing 92% of the samples investigated if the leaf collection is done at random. The chemotype choice for production is possible using tree selection by leaf olfactory selection before leaf harvesting for essential oil production'),(1231,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700008','Composition and Antibacterial Activity of The Essential Oil of<i>Ammoides atlantica</i>(Coss. et Dur.) Wolf','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700008',8,'https://openalex.org/W2053171258','Abstract In Algerian traditional medicine, the aerial parts of Ammoides atlantica (Coss. et Dur.) Wolf. (Apiaceae) are reported to have a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial and antidiarrheic activity. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the oil was evaluated by Disc diffusion method against several strains of bacteria, and this activity was shown to be very strong against most of the tested microorganisms, especially Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. The MIC was also carry out and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 (vegetative form) resulted to be the most sensitive microorganism with a MIC value inferior of 6.25 mg/L. The essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components were thymol (53.2%), γ-terpinene (19.4%) and p-cymene (10.6%)'),(1232,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700009','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of<i>Malabaila aurea</i>Boiss. Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700009',8,'https://openalex.org/W2037415989','Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Malabaila aurea from Greece was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty eight compounds representing 90.9% of the total oil were identified. The major constituents were octyl isobutyrate (40%), octanol (8.9%) and spathulenol (12.4%). In an antibacterial diffusion assay, the oil showed a good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans'),(1233,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700012','Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf, Bark and Fruit Oils of<i>Neolitsea fischeri</i>Gamble','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700012',12,'https://openalex.org/W2027105630','Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves, bark and fruits of Neolitsea fischeri were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty components comprising 80.3% of the leaf oil, twenty-six components comprising 94.7% of the bark oil and twenty-seven components comprising 78.8% of the fruit oil were identified. The major components in the leaf oil were caryophyllene oxide (33.0%) followed by selin-11-en-4α-ol (14.8%). The bark oil contained 10.2% cadinene and two isomers of cadinol viz. α-cadinol (24.5%) and α-muurolol (22.2%) as the major components, while the fruit oil had α-cadinol (19.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.7%) as the major components. The fruit, leaf and bark oils showed moderate to good activity against some of the tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Key Word Index: Neolitsea fischeri Lauraceaeessential oil compositionα-cadinolα-muurololα-cadinenecaryophyllene oxideselin-11-en-4α-olantibacterial activity'),(1234,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700014','Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of<i>Saccocalyx satureioides</i>Coss. et Dur. Essential Oil and Extract Obtained by Microwave Extraction. Comparison with Hydrodistillation','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700014',1,'https://openalex.org/W4251219975','NA'),(1235,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700016','Seasonal Variation of the Essential Oil from<i>Cunila angustifolia</i>Benth. (Lamiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700016',5,'https://openalex.org/W2042730709','Abstract The essential oil of composition obtained from the leaves of Cunila angustifolia, collected in different seasons of the year in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were identified and the main constituent of the oil was pulegone. This monoterpene was found in different concentrations, winter (56.5%), spring (72.3%), summer (64.1%) and autumn (56.0%).'),(1236,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700021','New Sulfur Components of Pink Guava Fruit (<i>Psidium guajava</i>L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700021',20,'https://openalex.org/W2084001190','Abstract A study of the key sulfur odor components of guava was undertaken by headspace and solvent extraction techniques. GC and GC/MS analysis identified five sulfur components; dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, benzothiazole, 3-mercaptohexanol and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate. Two of these compounds have not previously been reported as occurring in guava (3-mercapto- hexanol and 3-mercaptohexyl acetate). These compounds have a cassis-like odor and are thought to make an important contribution to the odor of guava.'),(1237,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700022','Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Levisticum officinale</i>W.D.J. Koch from Some European Countries','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700022',40,'https://openalex.org/W2149838984','Abstract Variations in the essential oil composition of Leviticum officinale W.D.J. Koch from different European countries were determined using capillary GC and GC/MS methods. The oils were obtained in yields of 0.11â1.80% from dried cut roots and 0.09% from leaves. A total of 48 components were identified, representing over 87% of the total yield of oil. Ten compounds not earlier reported: trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, iso-thujyl alcohol, p-mentha-1,5-dien-8-ol, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-ol, 2-methylene-6,6-dimethyl, trans-carveol, perillaldehyde, sabinyl acetate, perillyl alcohol, methyl ester of methylpentadecate acid, and methyl hexadecadienate acid. The principal components in the oils of L. officinale roots were β-phellandrene (0.1â48.9%), pentylcyclohexadiene (0â12.3%), trans-sabinyl acetate (0â12.1%), α-terpinyl acetate (0â26.1%), (Z)-3-butylidene phthalide (0.1â31.2%), and (Z)-ligustilide (0.2â70.9%). Phthalide isomers were predominant (73.2â82.6%) in the oils from Estonia, France, and Belgium. The roots oil of L. officinale from Scotland was rich in β-phellandrene (48.9%) and phenylacetaldehyde (17.2%). Maximum content of trans-sabinyl and α-terpinyl acetates (total 38.2%) was found in the oil from Holland. Estonian L. officinale root oil contained in high quantities (E)-ligustilide (52.4â70.9%) and pentylcyclohexadiene (12.3%). The L. officinale leaf oil cultivated in Estonia contained in high amounts α-terpinyl acetate (55.8%) and β-phellandrene (11.3%). The content of (Z)-ligustilide (17.0%) in the leaf oil was smaller compared with the root oil.'),(1238,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700025','Composition of the Essential Oil of Three Endemic<i>Centaurea</i>Species From Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700025',20,'https://openalex.org/W1974525670','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from three endemic Centaurea species (Asteraceae) in Phalolepis (Cass.) DC. Section; C. wagenitzii Hub.-Mor., C. tossiensis Freyn et Sint. and C. luschaniana Heimerl from Turkey were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), simultaneously. Main constituents of the oils were found as hexadecanoic acid (25.6 %, 50.6 % and 40.0 %, respectively). Fatty acids and their esters were identified as the main constituent groups of the three species.'),(1239,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700026','The Essential Oil Composition of Wild Growing Sweet Marjoram (<i>Origanum majorana</i>L., Lamiaceae) from CyprusâThree Chemotypes','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700026',34,'https://openalex.org/W2093710685','Abstract Individual plants grown in a greenhouse from seeds of a natural population of sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) from Cyprus were analyzed for their essential oil composition. Three chemotypes were detected in the population. Besides the standard âmarjoramyâ composition (âsabinyl chemotypeâ) with 74% of oil compounds belonging to the bicyclic compounds sabinene, trans- and cis-sabinene hydrate and cis-sabinene hydrate acetate (âsabinyl compoundsâ), two further chemotypes were present in the population, namely a pure αâterpineol chemotype (73% αâterpineol) and a mixed sabinyl/αâterpineol chemotype (41% sabinyl compounds, 40% αâterpineol). The chemotype frequencies found in this population were 56% of the plants belonging to the sabinyl chemotype, 4% to the pure αâterpineol chemotype and 40% to the mixed sabinyl/αâterpineol chemotype.'),(1240,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700030','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Components of<i>Scorzonera undulata</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700030',25,'https://openalex.org/W2057851519','Abstract The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Scorzonera undulata Vahl subsp. deliciosa (Guss.) Maire obtained by steam distillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty six constituents were identified in the oil and the main components of which were methyl hexadecanoate (30.4%), methyl linolenate (23.9%) and heneicosane (12.2%) The antimicrobial activity of the oil was also investigated. The Scorzonera undulata subsp. deliciosa oil exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa but no antifungal activity was detected.'),(1241,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700031','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of<i>Salvia ringens</i>Sibth. et Sm. var.<i>baldacciana</i>Briq.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700031',6,'https://openalex.org/W2080448242','Abstract Aerial parts of Salvia ringens Sibth. et Sm var.baldacciana Briq.(Lamiceae) collected in Macedonia contained an essential oil in 0.29% yield. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The dominant compounds of this oil were 1,8-cineole (33.8%), αâpinene (10.6%) and myrcene (9.8%). It was found that the oil possessed antibacterial activity against all examined bacteria and antifungal activity against C. albicans. The oil showed stronger inhibitory activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria.'),(1242,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700032','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Volatile Oil from<i>Baccharis articulate</i>(Lam.) Pers.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700032',16,'https://openalex.org/W2034578727','Abstract The essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Baccharis articulata (Lam.) Pers. from Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, was analyzed by GC, GC/MS, and chiral phase gas chromatography (CPGC). Twenty-nine compounds representing ca 86.1 % of the oil were identified. The main compounds in the oil were β-pinene (39.0%), cisâ-guaiene (9.8%), γ-muurolene (5.8%), limonene (4.8%), αâpinene (4.5%), αâgurjunene (4.4%) and spathulenol (4.2%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against seven microorganisms using the broth microdilution method. The oil displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms (MIC=2.5 mg/mL).'),(1243,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700033','Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Isolated from Different Parts of Endemic Plant<i>Portenschlagiella ramosissima</i>Tutin','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700033',7,'https://openalex.org/W2050056040','Abstract Essential oils were isolated from the aerial parts during the flowering and vegetative phases, roots and seeds of the plant Portenschlagiella ramosissima and their antimicrobial activities against bacteria (Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and micromycetes (Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor, A. ochrachloron, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride) were tested. Among tested bacterial and fungal species were plant pathogens, food poisoning species, animal and human pathogens. The main component in all oils samples was myristicin (61.1â91.5 %). Antimicrobial activity of oils was tested using the micro-dilution and disc-diffusion methods. All of the oils tested showed activity.'),(1244,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700036','Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oil and Extracts of <i>Gutierrezia mandonii</i> and <i>G. repens</i> (Asteraceae) Growing in Argentina','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700036',0,'https://openalex.org/W4255876885','NA'),(1245,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700039','Investigation of the Essential Oils of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> var. <i>minor, Bidens alba</i> and <i>Flaveria linearis</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700039',16,'https://openalex.org/W74749050','Abstract Essential oils of fresh plant parts of Bidens pilosa var. minor (Bl.), Bidens alba (L.) DC. (Tribus Heliantheae, Asteraceae) and Flaveria linearis Lag. (Tribus Helenieae, Asteraceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC, GC/MS and HPLC. Forty-three compounds were identified in the oils of B. pilosa var. minor and B. alba, which represents 83â94 % of the total components detected. Qualitatively, the compositions of the two oils were similar. In addition to the usual terpenes (α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, β-copaene, germacrene D), three polyacetylenic compound were identified in the oils of each species. In the aerial parts of both B. pilosa and B. alba, 1-phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne (PHT) was the most abundant component of the oils (30â50%). The other two polyacetylenes were 1-phenylhept-5-ena-1, 3-diyne and 7-phenylhept-2-ena-4,6-diynyl acetate. The latter, which was absent in flower and leaf oils, was predominant in the root oils of both plants. The root oil of B. alba also contained three eugenol derivatives that together accounted for more than 20% of the oil. Two could be identified as eugenol isobutyrate and 1\'-isobutyryloxy-eugenol isobutyrate. Thirty components were identified from the different plant parts of Flaveria linearis Lag. This represented 92â94% of the total components of the oil. The oils from the aerial organs of F. linearis were mainly composed of terpenes (α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, (E)-β-ocimene); however, 2-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)-thiophene was also an abundant component of the oils from both the flowers and the leaves. In contrast, the root oil of F. linearis consisted mainly of thiophenes. Four thiophenes were identifed: 5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-2,2â²-bithiophene and 2,2â²-5â²,2â³-terthiophene, were major constituents. 2-(But-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(penta-1,3-diyn-1-yl)-thiophene and 5â²-methyl-5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-2,2â²-bithiophene, were minor components of the root oil.'),(1246,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700040','The Leaf Essential Oils of <i>Viticipremna queenslandica</i> (Lamiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700040',2,'https://openalex.org/W1527241302','Abstract The leaf oil of Viticipremna queenslandica was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and was found to be dominated by sesquiterpenes, with β-caryophyllene (27â34%), germacrene D (1â16%), bicyclogermacrene (9â15%) and spathulenol (2â6%) being the major components. Linalool (0.1â9%) was the most important of the monoterpenes.'),(1247,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700041','Identification of the Volatile Compounds of Leaves and Flowers in Guavira (<i>Campomanesia adamantium</i> O. Berg.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700041',10,'https://openalex.org/W1491958936','Abstract The essential oils obtained from the leaves and flowers from Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) collected in the Mato Grosso do Sul in the flowering stage were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-two components were identified in the leaf oil and thirty-seven in the flower oil. The constituent major in the leaf oil was limonene (21.9%) and in the flower oil was ledol (20.9%)'),(1248,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700042','Composition of the Essential Oils of <i>Angelica sylvestris</i> L. var. <i>sylvestris</i> Isolated from the Fruits by Different Isolation Techniques','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700042',20,'https://openalex.org/W1494016727','Abstract The essential oils of the fruits of Angelica sylvestris L. var. sylvestris (Umbelliferae) obtained using hydrodistillation (HD), microdistillation (MD) and micro-steam distillationâsolid-phase microextraction (MSD-SPME) techniques were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The composition of the oils depended on the isolation method employed. α-Pinene (25.6%, 36.2% and 9.2%, respectively), β-phellandrene (9.1%, 9.9% and 3.2%), bornyl acetate (7.3%, 4.3% and 6.9%), limonene (5.6%, 4.3% and 2.1%), myrcene (4.4%, 4.0% and 1.3%), camphene (3.9%, 4.7% and 1.2%), α-chamigrene (3.4%, 4.4% and 9.1%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (2.5%, 3.8% and 8.7%) were found as the main constituents in the oils. p-Cresol (6.5%), epi-α-bisabolol (5.6%), (Z)-β-farnesene (5.5%), naphthalene (4.4%), daucene (3.1%), amorpha-4,11-diene (3.1%) and γ-muurolene (2.5%) were also among the main constituents of the oil isolated by MSD-SPME.'),(1249,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700043','Distilled lavandin (<i>Lavandula intermedia</i> Emeric ex Loisel) Wastes: A Rich Source of Coumarin and Herniarin','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700043',18,'https://openalex.org/W1625221976','Abstract The chemical composition of cyclohexanic extract from distilled lavandin (Lavandula intermedia) wastes has been characterized by GC and GC/MS. Among the main components, coumarin and herniarin represented 33%. The structure identification was in agreement with their 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra. Among the other main components, α-bisabolol (9.6%) and T-cadinol (5.0%), together with linear and branched hydrocarbons were identified.'),(1250,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700045','Essential Oil Composition of <i>Eryngium paludosum</i> (Moore et Betche) P.W.Michael: An Endemic Species from Eastern Australia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700045',10,'https://openalex.org/W1541606252','Abstract The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of Eryngium paludosum (Moore et Betche) P.W.Michael, an endemic species from eastern Australia, has been analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty six compounds have been identified representing more than 90% of the total oil. The main constituents of the oil were found to be γ-terpinene (12.9%) and β-bisabolene (12.2%). Other representative compounds of the oil were identified as germacrene D (7.6%), myrcene (7.3%), β-caryophyllene (7.0%), limonene (6.0%) and α-humulene (5.1%). The sesquiterpene fraction (56.9%) was predominant in the oil of this species; most of these were hydrocarbons (52.9%). This is the first published study outlining the chemical composition of this Australian species.'),(1251,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700047','Essential Oil Composition of <i>Campomanesia adamantium</i> (Camb) O. Berg.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700047',8,'https://openalex.org/W1500503442','Abstract Essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from leaves of Campomanesia adamantium (Camb.) O. Berg was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Fifty-five compounds, representing around 90% of the total oil, were identified. The main components were geraniol (18.1%), spathulenol (7.8%) and globulol (5.6%).'),(1252,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700049','Essential Oil Composition of <i>Artemisia chamaemelifolia</i> Vill.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700049',5,'https://openalex.org/W1574609218','Abstract The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Artemisia chamaemelifolia Vill. (Compositae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-nine components have been identified in the oil of A. chamaemelifolia. The major constituents of the oil were vulgarone B (38.8%), santolinyl acetate (10.5%) and 14-hydroxy-9-epi-β-caryophyllene (8.4%).'),(1253,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700050','Volatile Constituents of Tahonal Flower (<i>Viguiera dentata</i> Blake, var. <i>heliantoides</i>) from the Yucatán Peninsula, México','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700050',2,'https://openalex.org/W1508426732','Abstract Volatile compounds were isolated in tahonal flower (Viguiera dentata Blake, var. heliantoides) by headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC/MS. Ninety-one compounds were identified, esters being the most abundant compound class. α-Pinene (26.2%) was found to be the major constituent.'),(1254,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700051','Sesquiterpene Rich Oils from Leaves and Roots of <i>Senecio rufinervis</i> DC.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700051',15,'https://openalex.org/W1920182699','Abstract The essential oils isolated by steam distillation from the leaves and roots of Senecio rufinervis DC., were analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 1H- and 13C-NMR. A total of (92.5%) and (89.1%) of the constituents were identified in leaf and root oil, respectively. Both the oils were dominated by the sesquiterpenoids with germacrene D (33.7%), δ-cadinene (5.5%), γ-cadinene (5.5%), germacrene D-4-ol (5.4%), α-cadinol (4.9%) and β-longipinene (4.0%) as major constituents in leaf oil while germacrene D (32.9%), germacrene A (19.5%), δ-elemene (7.6%), α-cubebene (4.9%) and β-eudesmol (3.0%) were dominant in the root oil.'),(1255,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700053','Essential Oil of <i>Thymus zygioides</i> var. <i>lycaonicus</i> from Greece','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700053',4,'https://openalex.org/W1604976707','Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Thymus zygioides var. lycaonicus from Greece was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds representing 99.8% of the total oil were identified. The major constituents were p-cymene (19.4%), thymol (19.5%) and γ-terpinene (17.2%).'),(1256,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700054','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of <i>Anaphalis contorta</i> Hook f.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700054',9,'https://openalex.org/W1548840000','Abstract The essential oil of Anaphalis contorta of the family Compositae was examined by GC, GC/MS and NMR (1H- and 13C-). Forty-four constituents were identified, of which caryophyllene oxide (20.3%), α-cadinol (8.4 %), caryophyllene alcohol (8.1%) were the major compounds while γ-muurolene (6.4%), 14- hydroxyl-9-epi-β-caryophyllene (5.6%) ar-curcumene (5.4%) and β-bisabolene (5.4%) were also present as minor constituents.'),(1257,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700055','Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil of<i>Teucrium massiliense</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700055',9,'https://openalex.org/W1569720899','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Teucrium massiliense L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and the components identified were 34, mainly 3,7-dimethyloctan-2-one (15.2%), butyl 2-methylbutyrate (12.1%), linalool (10.6%), linalyl acetate (7.1%), zingiberene (4.7%), γ-cadinene (4.1%). The anti-oxidant activity of the oil was evaluated by the DPPH test, where the oil showed an effect comparable to Trolox, and by lipid peroxidation test, where the activity of the oil was three time less effective than that of Trolox.'),(1258,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700057','Essential Oil Analysis of <i>Micromeria nubigena</i> H.B.K. and its Antimicrobial Activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700057',17,'https://openalex.org/W2008887862','Abstract Water-distilled essential oil from leaves and flowers of Micromeria nubigena H.B.K. (Lamiaceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS systems. The major components identified were thymol (36.9%), carvacrol (16.7%), pulegone (10.8%), caryophyllene oxide (4.6%) and (E)-phytol (3.2%). The major volatiles released by β-glucosidase treatment of the aqueous plant residue were (Z)-3-hexenol (31.2%), (Z)-2-hexenol (18.3%) and δâcadinene (3.4%). The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Botrytis cinerea and Aspergillus niger, while the β-glucosidase-liberated fraction was inactive.'),(1259,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700058','Composition of the Essential Oil of Spontaneous<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>from Greece and Antifungal Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700058',20,'https://openalex.org/W1519843576','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of spontaneous Rosmarinus officinalis from Greece was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and tested for its antifungal activity against five phytopathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora nicotianae, Sclerotium cepivorum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi and Fusarium proliferatum). Thirty-seven components compounds representing 97.3% of the total oil were identified. The major constituents were α-pinene (24.1%), camphor (14.9%), 1,8-cineole (9.3%), camphene (8.9%), α-terpineol (8.8%) and borneol (8.0%). The most sensitive fungus was Ph. nicotianae, followed by S. sclerotiorum, S. cepivorum, F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi.'),(1260,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700060','Susceptibility of the Honeybee Bacterial Pathogen<i>Paenibacillus larvae</i>to Essential Oils Distilled from Exotic and Indigenous Argentinean Plants','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700060',24,'https://openalex.org/W1502686455','Abstract Antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of eight exotic and indigenous Argentinean essential oils to control American Foulbrood (AFB) were determined. The oils tested were extracted from Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Lepechinia floribunda, Aloysia polystachya, Verbena officinalis, Wedelia glauca, Satureja odora and Hetherothalamus alienus. The components of the essential oils were identified by SPME-GC/MS analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the oils against Paenibacillus larvae were determined by broth microdilution method. Two-way ANOVA for minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) data and minimal bactericide concentrations (MBCs) data, indicated no significant differences between the thirteen P. larvae strains tested and highly significant differences between the oils. The antimicrobial assays showed that the oils of A. absinthium, A. annua and L. foribunda inhibited the bacterial strains at the lowest concentrations tested, MICs and MBCs averages of 393.6 mg/L to 416.7 mg/L and 517.9 mg/L to 624.4 mg/L respectively, indicating the highest inhibitory capacities. Their antimicrobial activities were attributed to the kind and the variation in percentage of the components. α-Thujone (62.3%) was largely predominant in the oil of the A. absinthium meanwhile artemisia ketone (36.3%) and 1,8-cineole (31.5%) constituted the bulk of the oil of A. annua. 1,8-Cineole (27.5%) was also very important in the composition of the oil of L. floribunda, which also possessed camphene (16.6%) and camphor (12.9%).'),(1261,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700061','Chemical Composition, Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activities of Essential Oils from (Tunisian) <i>Artemisia campestris</i> and <i>Artemisia herba-alba</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700061',63,'https://openalex.org/W306634120','Abstract The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris var. glutinosa Gay ex Bess and Artemisia herba-alba Asso (Asteraceae) of Tunisian origin has been studied by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oil from A. campestris collected in Benguerdane (South of Tunisia) were found to be β-pinene (41.0%), p-cymene (9.9%), α-terpinene (7.9%), limonene (6.5%), myrcene (4.1%), β-phellandrene (3.4%) and a-pinene (3.2%). Whereas the oil from A. herba-alba collected in Tataouine (South of Tunisia) showed, pinocarvone (38.3%), a-copaene (12.18%), limonene (11.0%), isoamyl2-methylbutyrate (19.5%) as major compounds. The mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the two oils were investigated by the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay, with and without addition of an extrinsic metabolic activation system. The oils showed no mutagenicity when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA97. On the other hand, we showed that each oil had antimutagenic activity against the carcinogen Benzo (a) pyrene (B[a] P) when tested with TA97 and TA98 assay systems.'),(1262,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700063','Free and Glycosidically Bound Volatiles in Curry Leaves (<i>Murraya koenigii</i>) (L) Spreng.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700063',4,'https://openalex.org/W1991914762','Abstract Free and glycosidically bound aroma compounds from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng, were isolated and separated by Amberlite XAD-2 column. The fraction containing the free aroma compounds was eluted with pentane: diethyl ether (1:1). Aroma compounds from the bound fraction were released by β-glucosidase hydrolysis. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-seven constituents were found to be present in the bound fraction where linalool was found to be the main constituent. In the free aroma fraction, seventy-eight constituents were present with octyl acetate being found as the main constituent. In the hydrodistilled oil, fifty-six compounds were identified and β-caryophyllene was the main compound. Key Word Index: Murraya koenigii Rutaceaecurry leafglycosidesessential oil compositionheptanallinaloolβ-caryophyllene'),(1263,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700064','Superheated Water Extraction of<i>Lavandula Latifolia</i>Medik Volatiles: Comparison with Conventional Techniques','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700064',8,'https://openalex.org/W2041472054','Abstract A comparative study of superheated water extraction (SWE) with two conventional volatile isolation methods including hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction was performed on spike lavender (Lavandula latifolia Medik.). The effect of operating conditions such as temperatures from 100â175°C, pressures from 20â40 bar and flow rates from 1â4 mL/min on the extraction process was investigated. The experiments were carried out using a laboratory-built apparatus. Separation and identification of the components were carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The SWE of L. latifolia shows the highest extraction efficiency at 150°C, 3 mL/min and 20 bar. At the optimum operating conditions, the extraction efficiency was as high as that for hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction methods. The SWE method was quicker and more selective for the valuable oxygenated constituents.'),(1264,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700065','The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Marrubium vulgare</i>L. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700065',30,'https://openalex.org/W2010069552','Abstract The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare L. (Labiatae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty components have been identified in the essential oil of M. vulgare. The major constituents of the essential oil were β-bisabolene (20.4%), δ-cadinene (19.1%) and isocaryophyllene (14.1%).'),(1265,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700066','Chemical Composition of<i>Alkanna orientalis</i>from Greece','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700066',3,'https://openalex.org/W2033963631','Abstract The chemical composition of fresh aerial parts oil of Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. was examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-eight components were identified representing 98.1% of the total oil. The main components were β-eudesmol (36.9%), α-eudesmol (16.3%) and γ-eudesmol (14.1%). Key Word Index: Alkanna orientalis Boraginaceaeessential oil compositionβ-eudesmolα-eudesmolγ-eudesmol.'),(1266,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700067','Essential Oil Comparison of<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>L. subsp.<i>perforatum</i>and subsp.<i>veronense</i>(Schrank) Ces. from Central Italy','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700067',10,'https://openalex.org/W2056662034','Abstract Essential oil comparison of flowers from Hypericum perforatum L. subsp. perforatum and subsp. veronense (Schrank) Ces. from central Italy, performed by GC and GC/MS, led us to identify two chemotypes within H. perforatum taxon. α-Pinene and 2,6-dimethyloctane were the most abundant components in H. perforatum subsp. veronense flower oil, while β-caryophyllene and 2,6-dimethylheptane were predominant in the oil of H. perforatum subsp. perforatum. Monoterpenes hydrocarbons were also predominant in the oil of subsp. veronense, while sesquiterpenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in the oil of subsp. perforatum. Such quantitative differentiation in the oil composition of the flowers may be useful as a chemotaxonomic intraspecific discriminatory character. Key Word Index: Hypericum perforatum subsp. perforatum Hypericum perforatum subsp. veronense Hypericaceaeessential oil compositionα-pinene2,6-dimethyloctaneβ-caryophyllene2,6-dimethylheptane'),(1267,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700068','Chemical Composition of the Leaf Essential Oil of<i>Cordia leucocephala</i>Moric from Northeast of Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700068',9,'https://openalex.org/W2071509963','Abstract The essential oil from leaves of Cordia leucocephala Moric (Boraginaceae) from northeast of Brazil was obtained by hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty-one constituents, representing 98.4% of the oil were identified. The oil was characterized by high percentages of sesquiterpenes (92.7%) with β-caryophyllene (39.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (25.9%) as the main constituents. This is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil from C. leucocephala. Key Word Index: Cordia leucocephala Boraginaceaeessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllenebicyclogermacrene'),(1268,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700069','Essential Oil from the Stems, Leaves and Flowers of<i>Pluchea rosea</i>Godfrey and<i>Pluchea purpurascens</i>(Sw.) DC.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700069',6,'https://openalex.org/W1990091876','Abstract The chemical composition of the stem, leaf and flower oils from Pluchea rosea Godfrey and Pluchea purpurascens (Sw.) DC. were studied by GC and GC/MS. In P. rosea, 132 compounds were identified which constituted more than 87%, 92% and 89% of the oil composition in the stem, leaf and flower oils, respectively; while in P. purpurascens, 163 compounds were identified which constituted more than 89%, 95% and 95% of the oil composition in stems, leaves and flowers, respectively. The most prominent compounds in the oils from P. rosea were 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (33.7% in stem oil) and selin-11-en-4α-ol (43.1% and 47.8% in leaf and flower oils, respectively); while in P. purpurascens, the major compounds were β-selinene (27.6%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (21.6%) and β-bourbonene (11.7%) in the stem oil; selin-11-en-4α-ol (24.6%), caryophyllene oxide (12.6%) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (8.8%) in the leaf oil, and β-selinene (26.9%), β-caryophyllene (12.8%), α-cadinol (8.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.4%) in the flower oil.'),(1269,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700070','Constituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Pycnocycla nodiflora</i>Decne. ex Boiss. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700070',7,'https://openalex.org/W2024819558','Abstract The essential oil of Pycnocycla nodiflora Decne. ex Boiss. growing wild in Iran was obtained by hydrodistallation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS technique. Seventy-two components representing 86.8% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were β-eudesmol (34.3%), hexadecanoic acid (11.5%) and spathulenol (6.9%).'),(1270,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700071','Essential Oil from Leaves and Stem Bark of Southeastern<i>Drimys brasiliensis</i>Miers (Winteraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700071',3,'https://openalex.org/W2067548303','Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from fresh leaves and stem bark of Southeastern Brazilian native Drimys brasiliensis Miers were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 37 compounds were identified. The oils from fresh leaves showed the presence of monoterpenes (53.9%) and sesquiterpenes (38.4%), with sabinene (9.5%), myrcene (10.5%), limonene (10.6%) and cyclocolorenone (16.0%) being the most abundant. The stem bark oil was characterized by predominance of sesquiterpenoids (87.6%) and the absence of monoterpenes, the main components being cyclocolorenone (28.3%) and spathuleneol (22.9%). A small amount of phenylpropanes (6.8â6.9%) was also detected in both oil samples.'),(1271,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700072','Volatile Components of Mabolo (<i>Diospyros blancoi</i>A. DC.) Grown in Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700072',6,'https://openalex.org/W2090897861','Abstract The chemical composition of the volatile compounds of mabolo fruit (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.) was studied by GC and GC/MS. Ninety-six compounds were identified, of which the composition of the fruit was characterized by the existence of many esters, particularly benzyl butyrate (33.9% of the total composition), butyl butyrate (12.5%) and (E)-cinnamyl butyrate (6.8%).'),(1272,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700073','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Ducrosia anethifolia</i>(DC.) Boiss. from Kerman Province in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700073',20,'https://openalex.org/W2043776193','Abstract The essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation in yield of 0.37% (w/w) from the aerial parts of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss., which grows in Iran, was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization (FID) and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection. The 63 components of this interesting plant were identified in the oil of D. anethifolia, representing 94.0% of the oil. α-Pinene (11.6%), terpinolene(3.2%) and (z)-β-ocimene (2.8%) were the main hydrocarbon components present in the oil, while decanal (54.0%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate(3.2%) and decanoic acid (1.3%) were the major oxygen-containing constituents.'),(1273,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700074','Essential Oil of the Leaves of<i>Ribes nigrum</i>L. from Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700074',10,'https://openalex.org/W2052798185','Abstract Water distilled essential oil from leaves of Ribes nigrum L. (Grossulariaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were found to be β-caryophyllene (12.9%), hexadecanoic acid (10.7%), α-humulene (10.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.6%). Key Word Index: Ribes nigrum GrossulariaceaeBlack currantessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllenehexadecanoic acidα-humulene'),(1274,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700075','Terpenoid Constituents of<i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i>DC. Leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700075',11,'https://openalex.org/W2080093946','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. leaves was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-eight compounds accounting for 75.6% of the oil were identified. The major compounds were linalool (14.3%), 9,12-octadecadien-ol (8.4%), 1,8-cineole (7.7%), 2-undecanone (7.3%), farnesol (3.6%), 9,12,15-octadecatrien-1-ol (3.2%) and β-caryophyllene (3.0%).'),(1275,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700077','Volatile Oil of<i>Psidium cattleianum</i>Sabine from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700077',17,'https://openalex.org/W2118198732','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves of Psidium cattleianum Sabine, collected in the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil had the main constituents α-thujene (25.2%), 1,8-cineole (16.4%) and β-caryophyllene (10.2%).'),(1276,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700079','Variation in the Composition of the Essential Oil of Commercial<i>Valeriana officinalis</i>L. Roots from Different Countries','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700079',30,'https://openalex.org/W2067382972','Abstract The volatile constituents from roots of Valeriana officinalis L. were investigated using GC and GC/MS methods. Valerianae radix samples were obtained from retail pharmacies of different European countries. The roots of 15 V. offcinalis samples yielded 0.19â1.16% essential oil on a dry weight basis. The basic oil components among the identified 86 compounds were bornyl acetate (2.9â33.7%), α-fenchene (0â28.3%), valerianol (0.2â18.2%), valerenal (tr-15.6%), isovaleric acid (0â13.1%), camphene (0â11.1%) and valeranone (0.5â10.9%). Bornyl acetate/valerenal chemotype was characteristic for 9 of the 15 samples of valerian roots from different European countries. Some samples did not contain α-fenchene and camphene (Germany, Czech), isovaleric acid (France, Moldova, Russia 2) and valerianic acid (Estonia, Ukraine 1, Scotland, Moldova, Russia 1). Valerian root oil from Estonia was rich in essential oil, bornyl acetate (33.7%), valerianol (16.8%) and valeranone (9.5%).'),(1277,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700080','Essential Oil Composition of Two<i>Lantana</i>Species from Mountain Forests of Pernambuco (Northeast of Brazil)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700080',11,'https://openalex.org/W2092729185','Abstract The essential oils of Lantana camara L. and L. fucata Lindl. leaves collected in the region of Mata Serrana in the municipality of Brejo da Madre de Deus in PernambucoâBrazil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-five compounds were identified in L. camara, representing 99.4% of the leaf oil constituents, while 15 compounds were identified in L. fucata, representing 97.1% of the leaf oil constituents. The major compounds present in the oil of L. fucata were caryophyllene oxide (27.9%), gossonorol (18.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.3%) and bulnesol (10.8%), whereas those in the oil of L. camara were germacrene D (28.6%), germacrene D-4-ol (19.9%), β-caryophyllene (16.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (14.7%).'),(1278,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700081','Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Nepeta sessilifolia</i>Bunge and<i>Nepeta haussknechtii</i>Bornm. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700081',14,'https://openalex.org/W2068166572','Abstract Water distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Nepeta sessilifolia Bunge, and Nepeta haussknechtii Bornm. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds representing 97.4% of the oil of N. sessilifolia, and 27 compounds representing 94.2% of the oil of N. haussknechtii were characterized. The major components of the essential oil of N. sessilifolia were linalool acetate (14.7%) and linalool (14.2%), whereas the major components of the oil of N. haussknechtii were 1,8-cineole (36.7%) and elemol (11.4%). Both oils were richer in oxygenated monoterpenes than sesquiterpenes. Key Word Index: Nepeta sessilifolia Nepeta haussknechtii Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionlinalyl acetatelinalool1,8-cineoleelemol'),(1279,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700082','Preliminary Phytochemical Profile and Characterization of the Extract from the Fruits of<i>Xylopia frutescens</i>Aubl. (Annonaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700082',6,'https://openalex.org/W2008001875','Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Xylopia frutescens Aubl. (Annonaceae) fruit (collected in Pernambuco, Brazil) was examined by TLC and GC/MS. TLC analysis detected compounds from the flavonoid and terpenoid groups. GC/MS detected 23 terpenoid compounds, in which the principal components were germacrene D (24.2%), linalool (12.1%), β-pinene (8.0%), cis-sabinene hydrate (7.9%), trans-pinocarveol (7.8%), α-copaene (7.0%) and limonene (5.6%). Other constituents found were sabinene, m-cymene, 1,8-cineole, β-ocimene, perillene, cis-sabinol, α-campholenal, isopinocamphone, terpinen-4-ol, verbenone, trans-carveol, carvone, perillyl alcohol, α-cubebene, β-cadinene and elemol. Most of these compounds have not been detected in fruit extracts of X frutescens before; therefore this study represents the most comprehensive analysis to date of the chemical components in the fruits of this plant.'),(1280,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700083','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Hypericum</i>âHidcoteâ','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700083',2,'https://openalex.org/W2039739683','Abstract The essential oil of the artificial hybrid Hypericum âHidcoteâ, one of the most cultivated St. John\'s worts in European and American gardens, was analyzed for the frist time by GC and GC/MS. Forty-six components were identified, representing 91.5% of the oil. The sesquiterpene fraction gave the highest contribution (68.4%), whilst monoterpenes amounted to 22.5%. The major constituents were β-pinene (11.9%), α-humulene (7.4%), β-caryophyllene (6.5%) and α-selinene (5.4%). Results confirm that hybridization may generate novel secondary chemistry in plants. Key Word Index: Hypericum âHidcoteâGuttiferaeessential oil compositionβ-pinene'),(1281,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700084','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Alchemilla alpina</i>L. em. Buser from Western Alpine Pastures','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700084',11,'https://openalex.org/W1983125441','Abstract The volatile fraction of Alchemilla alpina L. em. Buser was isolated by steam distillation from fresh aerial tissues and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Fresh samples were collected in two experimental sites located in Western alpine region (Alpe Gianna and Alpe Caugis, Val Pellice, Piedmont, Italy). The yield in essential oil was 0.16 ± 0.04% of fresh material. A wide range in volatile quantitative composition was detected. Terpenes and alcohols were identified as the major compounds representing the 36.9% and 30.6% of the total oil, and quantified as 47.3 μg/g fresh weight and 39.2 μg/g fresh weight, respectively. Aldehydes were quoted as 15.4% of the total oil (19.7 μg/g fresh weight), followed by acids 2.3% (3.0 μg/g fresh weight), esters 1.0% (1.3 μg/g fresh weight) and unidentified 0.5% (0.7 μg/g fresh weight). Dill apiole, coumarin, myristicin, vanillin, eugenol, apiole and p-vinyl guaiacol, altogether quoted as 4.5% of the total oil (5.8 μg/g fresh weight), were also detected.'),(1282,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700087','Seasonal Influence on the Essential Oil Compositions of<i>Eucalyptus urophylla</i>S. T. Blake and<i>E. grandis</i>W. Hill ex Maiden from Brazilian Cerrado','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700087',6,'https://openalex.org/W1989137496','Abstract Essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla collected in two seasons of Brazilian Cerrado were investigated by GC and GC/MS. 1,8-Cineole, α-pinene, α-terpinyl acetate, and p-cymene were the main constituents. The results were submitted to Principal Components and Clusters Analysis which enabled four groups of oils to be distinguished with regard to specimens and harvest seasons: clusters I and II with only E. grandis samples collected in the cold and dry winter and the hot and humid summer, which were characterized by a high percentage of isoleptospermone (9.6% and 13.2%), α-pinene (12.2% and 24.7%), p-cymene (20.5% and 14.5%), and α-terpineol (14.3% and 4.9%), respectively; clusters III and IV only associated with E. urophylla samples collected in summer and winter with 1,8-cineole (36.6% and 44.7%) and α-terpinyl acetate (7.0% and 11.7%) rich oils. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that it is possible to accurately predict 96% well-classification in the original clusters using α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, and isoleptospermone as predictor variables.'),(1283,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700088','Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils from<i>Bursera hollickii</i>(Britton) Found in Jamaica','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700088',6,'https://openalex.org/W2050545113','Abstract The essential oils from the leaves and bark of Bursera hollickii (Britton) collected from Long Mountain, St. Andrew, Jamaica were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-two (62) components were identified from the leaf oils which constituted ca. 99% of the oils, while sixty-three (63) components were identified from the bark oils which constituted ca. 97% of the oils. Monoterpenes represented the major components of the oils with α-pinene (49.8% and 34.8%), β-pinene (11.0% and 10.6%), terpinolene (0.7% and 13.4%) and α-terpineol (5.7% and 8.9%) being the major component. Of the sesquiterpenes, the predominant components were β-caryophyllene (4.8% and trace) and α-humulene (3.4% and 0.7%). The oil exhibited toxic action against adult sweet potato weevils, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summer), the most destructive pest of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). No antioxidant activity was observed for the oils when subjected to the DPPH assay.'),(1284,'10.1080/10412905.2008.9700089','Chemical Composition, Seasonal Variation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of<i>Talauma ovata</i>A. St. Hil. (Magnoliaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2008,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2008.9700089',9,'https://openalex.org/W2083268979','Abstract The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from trunk bark and leaves of Talauma ovata A. St. Hil. (Magnoliaceae), collected in four seasons, were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Altogether 52 components were identified. The oils were characterized by predominance of cyclic sesquiterpenes. The main components were linalool, trans-β-guaiene, germacrene D, germacrene B, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol and α-eudesmol. The content of individual components was variable during the year. All oils were screened against several strains of bacteria and yeasts, using the agar well-diffusion technique. The antimicrobial activity of oils showed strong dependence with the season. Significant activity was found for oils obtained in the spring and summer.'),(1285,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700093','Volatile Constituents of<i>Teucrium persicum</i>Boiss.,<i>Thymus caucasicus</i>Willd. ex Ronniger subsp.<i>grossheimii</i>(Ronniger) Jalas. and<i>Marrubium crassidens</i>Boiss. Three Labiatae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700093',11,'https://openalex.org/W1981658067','Abstract The composition of the essential oils from the aerial parts of three Labiatae species of Iran: Teucrium persicum Boiss., Thymus caucasicus Willd. ex Ronniger subsp. grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas. and Marrubium crassidens Boiss. obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. epi-α-Cadinol (23.2%) and α-pinene (17.3%) were the main components among the thirty-one constituents characterized in the oil of Teucrium persicum representing 95.9% of the total components detected. Seventeen compounds were identified in the oil of Thymus caucasicus representing 99.6% of the total oil with thymol (34.2%), methyl chavicol (25.1%) and γ-terpinene (12.7%) as the major constituents. The oil of Marrubium crassidens was characterized by higher amount of β-caryophyllene (20.3%), germacrene D (12.9%), caryophyllene oxide (11.1%) and cubenol (11.0%) among the fourteen compounds comprising 91.7% of the total oil detected. The oils (Teucrium persicum and Marrubium crassidens) consisted mainly of sesquiterpenes, while in Thymus caucasicus oil monoterpenes predominated over sesquiterpenes. Key Word Index: Teucrium persicum Thymus caucasicus Marrubium crassidens Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionepi-α-cadinolthymolmethyl chavicolγ-terpineneβ-caryophyllenegermacrene Dcaryophyllene oxidecubenol'),(1286,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700094','GC Analysis of Rosemary Aroma Isolated Traditionally by Distillation and by SPME','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700094',19,'https://openalex.org/W2027752084','Abstract The rosemary aroma composition and the enanatiomeric ratio of chiral compounds were examined by GC (FID), GC/MS and chiral GC. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was examined for its suitability for isolation of volatiles from the leaves of five samples of rosemary in comparison with the traditional steam distillation procedure. Mostly five rosemary aroma components were taken into consideration: 1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol, α-terpineol and verbenone. Eight pairs of enantiomers were separated in all of the analyzed samples: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, camphor, borneol and α-terpineol. But only one compoundâborneol was detected in all the samples, with the same enantiomeric ratio and high optical purity of the minus form, over 85% of total. SPME may be used as a fast and precise tool for measuring the enantiomeric ratio of this compound when authenticity of rosemary aroma is controlled. Key Word Index: Rosmarinus officinalis Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionα-pinene1,8-cineolecamphorheadspace volatilesenantiomeric distributionrosemary authenticitys'),(1287,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700096','Volatile Constituents of Three<i>Salvia</i>Species:<i>Salvia sclareopsis</i>Bornm. ex Hedge.,<i>Salvia brachysiphon</i>Stapf and<i>Salvia verbascifolia</i>M.Bieb. Growing Wild in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700096',10,'https://openalex.org/W1982468020','Abstract The composition of the essential oils from three Salvia species of Iran: Salvia sclareopsis Bornm. ex Hedge., Salvia brachysiphon Stapf, which are endemic to Iran, and Salvia verbascifolia M.Bieb., obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils of S. sclareopsis and S. verbascifolia were rich in β-caryophyllene (22.5% and 18.5%) and germacrene D (16.5% and 34.1%), respectively. The other main component of the first oil was benzyl benzoate (13.7%) and in the latter one was caryophyllene oxide (10.3%). In the oil of S. brachysiphon, also β-caryophyllene (28.1%), α-pinene (20.6%), limonene (11.5%) and β-pinene (10.6%) were found to be the major constituents.'),(1288,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700097','Constituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Meriandra bengalensis</i>Benth. Leaves from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700097',8,'https://openalex.org/W2054147079','Abstract The essential oil composition of the leaves of Meriandra bengalensis from India was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty compounds were identified representing 97.4% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were linalool (68.4%), 1,8-cineole (17.4%) and α-terpineol (2.7%).'),(1289,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700100','The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Clinopodium vulgare</i>L. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700100',7,'https://openalex.org/W2004924885','The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Clinopodium vulgare L. (Labiatae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-two components have been identified in the essential oil of C. vulgare. The major constituents of the essential oil were vulgarone B (24.4%), santolinyl acetate (10.2%) and 14-hydroxy-α-muurolene (6.0%).'),(1290,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700102','Essential Oils from Bolivia. VI. Lamiaceae:<i>Lepechinia graveolens</i>(Reg.) Epling<i>L. floribunda</i>(Benth.) Epling, and<i>L. meyeni</i>(Walp.) Epling','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700102',11,'https://openalex.org/W2072781952','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from three different Lamiaceae, Lepechinia graveolens, L. floribunda and L. meyeni growing in the High Valley Region of Bolivia, Province of Cochabamba, was determined by a combination of GC and GC/MS measurements. Sesquiterpenes dominated in L. graveolens (61%). In the oil of L. meyeni the monoterpenes constituted the most important fraction (ca. 40%) followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (ca. 31%). Finally, the composition of the oil of L. floribunda was more complex: sesquiterpenes (20â28%), monoterpenes (21â20%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (21â23%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (18.5â13%).'),(1291,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700103','Composition of Essential Oil of<i>Bidens cernua</i>L., Asteraceae from Serbia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700103',8,'https://openalex.org/W2091473405','Abstract Chemical composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial blooming parts of Bidens cernua was analyzed. By GC and GC/MS analysis, 16 components were identified (70.1% of the total oil). The plant material yielded 0.5% (v/w) of gold-yellowish liquid with intensive, unpleasant and heavy scent. The principal compound was identified as 1-phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne (57.1%), followed by sesquiterpenes caryophyllene oxide, humulene-1,2-epoxide and α-selinene (3.0%, 3.1% and 1.1% respectively), as well as (E,E)-1,3,11-tridecatriene-5,7,9-triyne (1.8%).'),(1292,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700104','Essential Oil Profile of Natural-Temperate and Domesticated-Subtropical<i>Artemisia myriantha</i>Wall. ex Bess. var.<i>pleiocephala</i>(Pamp.) Ling. Plants','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700104',4,'https://openalex.org/W2087113828','Abstract Artemisia myriantha var. pleiocephala plants collected from the temperate Garhwal region of Western Himalayas were domesticated in the subtropical conditions of North Indian plains. Considerable changes were observed in the oil constituents of the plant after domestication from temperate conditions to subtropical conditions. In the naturally growing temperate plants, major constituents of the oil were chrysanthenone (7.3%) followed by δ-cadinene (5.7%) and 1,8,cineole (5.3%) during flowering. After domestication at subtropical conditions of Lucknow, although the major constituent of the oil remained chrysanthenone, its quantity increased considerably (15.0â29.1%) during flowering. Another important constituent of the oil of the domesticated plants during flowering was limonene (6.1â15.1%). However, during the vegetative stage, camphor (74.9%) was its major constituent. Key Word Index: Artemisia myriantha var. pleiocephala Asteraceaeessential oil compositionlimonenechrysanthenonecamphor'),(1293,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700105','Essential Oil from Flowers of<i>Pluchea carolinensis</i>(Jacq.) G. Don','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700105',9,'https://openalex.org/W2045406505','Abstract The chemical composition of the flower oil from Pluchea carolinensis (Jacq.) G. Don was studied by GC and GC/MS. One hundred-seven compounds of the oil were identified of which selin-11-en-4α-ol (43.4%) was the major constituent. The fresh floral character of the flower oil was characterized by the presence of several aldehydes and esters.'),(1294,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700108','Essential Oil Composition of Two Iranian Endemic<i>Helichrysum</i>Miller. Species (<i>H. leucocephalum</i>Boiss. and<i>H. artemisioides</i>Boiss. et Hausskn.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700108',11,'https://openalex.org/W2014138886','Abstract The essential oils of the aerial parts of Helichrysum leucocephalum Boiss. and Helichrysum artemisioides Boiss. et Hausskn. collected from Iran were examined by GC and GC/MS. Ninety-two components of H. leucocephalum and 48 of H. artemisioides representing 93.0% and 92.4% of the oils, respectively were identified. Rosifoliol (22.3%), β-caryophyllene (10.1%) and α-humulene (9.0%) were the main components of the oil of H. leucocephalum and hexadecanoic acid (14.7%); β-caryophyllene (10.6%), α-humulene (7.7%) were the major ones of the oil of H. artemisioides.'),(1295,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700112','Analysis of the Essential Oil of<i>Stachys circinnata</i>l\'Her. from Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700112',9,'https://openalex.org/W2002322183','Abstract The volatile compounds, obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Stachys circinnata l\'Her. (Lamiaceae), were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-seven compounds were characterized representing 98.6% of the essential oil with globulol (40.3%), α-cadinol (16.2%), spathulenol (12.7%) and T-muurolol (6.3%) as the main components. Key Word Index: Stachys circinnata Lamiaceaeessential oilglobulolα-cadinolspathulenol'),(1296,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700115','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Colquhounia coccinea</i>Wall','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700115',2,'https://openalex.org/W2008010723','Abstract The essential oils obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and flowers of Colquhounia coccinea Wall. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. flower A total of 96.8% and 93.7% of the constituents were identified in the leaf and oils, respectively. Both the oils were dominated by sesquiterpenoids. β-Caryophyllene (44.1â53.2%), germacrene D (7.0â15.8%), cadina-1â4-diene (11.1â12.4%), germacrene D-4-ol (1.8â12.2%), α-humulene (3.7â8.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.0â5.7%) were identified as the major constituents in both oils.'),(1297,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700117','Essential Oil Content and Constituents of Black Zira (<i>Bunium persicum</i>[Boiss.] B. Fedtsch.) from Iran During Field Cultivation (Domestication)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700117',44,'https://openalex.org/W2120907895','Abstract Bunium persicum fruit oils from wild type (WT), first (CY1) and second year (CY2) cultivars (fourth and fifth year plants) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The essential oil content of the WT (9.1% v/w) was higher than the oil content of the CY1 (6.2% v/w) and CY2 (5.1% v/w). No significant differences were found with respect to the oil constituents. The main constituents were γ-terpinene (WT: 44.2%, CY1: 40.8%, and CY2: 36.8%), associated with cuminaldehyde (WT: 16.9, CY1: 14.1, and CY2: 11.8%), and γ-terpinen-7-al (WT: 10.5, CY1: 10.6, and CY2: 18.7%). In total 35 components could be identified covering 95.4% (WT), 94.9% (CY1) and 96.3% (CY2) of the oil content. We also studied the phenology of the plants during the period 1999â2004.'),(1298,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700119','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of<i>Physocaulis nodosus</i>(L.) W.D.J.Koch','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700119',7,'https://openalex.org/W2094951908','Abstract Aerial parts of Physocaulis nodosus (L.) W.D.J.Koch. (Apiaceae) collected on Hajla mountain possessed an essential oil in 0.62% yield (expressed in g per 100 g of dried plant material). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Among 21 compounds 16 were identified, representing 93.0% of total oil composition. Dominant compounds were sabinene (36.4%), limonene (27.7%) and β-pinene (9.8%). The oil possessed a limited antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.'),(1299,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700120','Antimicrobial Activity of<i>Pimpinella anisum</i>and<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i>Essential Oils Against<i>Paenibacillus larvae</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700120',54,'https://openalex.org/W1969892433','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the fruits of Pimpinella anisum L. (green anise) and Foeniculum vulgare Miller (fennel) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and physicochemical properties. The oils of P. anisum and F. vulgare were found to be especially rich in (E)-anethole, 96.3% and 92.7%, respectively. The MICs were determined by the tube dilution method against Paenibacillus larvae. The oils showed MICs values were 300 µg/mL and 250 μg/mL for P. anisum and F. vulgare, respectively. Both oils presented great similarity in physiochemical properties values and antimicrobial activity.'),(1300,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700121','Composition and Antiwormal Activity of Essential Oil from<i>Sideritis taurica</i>Stephan ex Willd Grown in Egypt','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700121',4,'https://openalex.org/W1991371079','Abstract The aerial parts of Sideritis taurica Stephan ex Willd grown in Egypt yielded 0.12% and 0.23% (v/w) of essential oil by hydrodistillation (HD) and simultaneous hydrodistillation-solvent (pentane) extraction (Lickens-Nickerson, LN), respectively. GC-FID and GC/MS analysis revealed that the two oil samples were identical in composition, but differing in the percentages of certain components. Thirty-two components were identified in each, representing 92% and 93.3%, respectively. Oxygenated compounds were dominant in HD oil, being 50.6% compared with LN sample (37.4%); while the hydrocarbons amounted to 41.4% and 55.9%, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were mainly β-pinene (11.4% and 17.7%) and α-pinene (3.8% and 12.8%), respectively. The main sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were aromadendrene (4.6 % and 3.5%) and α-cubebene (3% and 2.2%), respectively. The main oxygenated monoterpenes were α-terpineol (2.8% and 2%) and trans-pinocarveol (1.8% and 1.4%), respectively; while the major oxygenated sesquiterpenes were α-cadinol (22.4% and 12.2%), curcumenol (7.6% and 3.5%) and α-bisabolol (7.4% and 2.9%), respectively. The two oil samples exhibited significant antiwormal activity against the earthworm Allolobophora caliginosa, offering a support to recommendations of the possible utility of the oil of S. taurica as antiwormal agent and verifying the correlation between increased antiwormal activity of an essential oil with its high content of oxygenated compounds.'),(1301,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700122','The Variation in the Essential Oil Composition of<i>Tanacetum cadmeum</i>(Boiss.) Heywood ssp.<i>orientale</i>Grierson from Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700122',17,'https://openalex.org/W1984174585','Abstract Water-distilled essential oils from aerial parts of Tanacetum cadmeum (Boiss.) Heywood ssp. orientale Grierson, from two different localities in Turkey, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The flower, stem and root oils of T. cadmeum ssp. orientale collected from the Adana location were characterized with α-thujone (25%, 5.2%), cis-linalool oxide (6.8%, 12.8%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (5.8%, 8.5%) for flower and stem oils, and β-eudesmol (10.3%, 6.2%, 13.8%); in addition, stem oil contained 1,8-cineole (6.6%) and root oil contained hexadecanoic acid (6.0%), spathulenol (5.8%) and β-muurolol (5.3%). The flower and stem oils of T. cadmeum ssp. orientale collected from the Sivas location were characterized with camphor (25.9%, 14.8%), borneol (15.4%, 25.8%) and α-thujone (7.8%, 5.5%); in addition, stem oil contained 1,8-cineole (7.4%) and root oil contained nonacosane (16.2%), spathulenol (6.8%) and hexadecanoic acid (5.8%).'),(1302,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700123','Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Three<i>Stachys</i>Species Growing Wild in Iran:<i>Stachys asterocalyx</i>Rech. f.,<i>Stachys obtusicrena</i>Boiss. and<i>Stachys multicaulis</i>Benth','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700123',9,'https://openalex.org/W2136496095','Abstract Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of three Stachys species: S. asterocalyx Rech. f., S. obtusicrena Boiss., which are endemic to Iran, and S. multicaulis Benth. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components of the oil of S. asterocalyx were α-bisabolol (25.1%) and linalool (18.0%). In the oil of S. obtusicrena, α-pinene (34.6%), germacrene D (8.0%) and bicyclogermacrene (7.8%) were found to be the major constituents. Bicyclogermacrene (23.0%), spathulenol (20.7%), germacrene D (12.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.1%) were the predominant compounds in the oil of S. multicaulis.'),(1303,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700125','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Achillea millefolium</i>L. Isolated by Different Distillation Methods','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700125',16,'https://openalex.org/W2138475196','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil from flowering tops of Achillea millefolium L. isolated by different distillation methods was studied. Samples were hydrodistilled with Clevenger-type (HD), simultaneous micro-distillation-extraction (SMDE), and microwave (MAHD) apparatus. The yields were 0.46% ± 0.03 for the HD and 0.48% ± 0.03 for the MAHD (v/w, volume/dry weight). The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS and a total of 58 components were detected. The major compounds in the oils were 1,8-cineole (10.4â17.2%), sabinene (11.6â14.6%), α-terpineol (4.4â5.2%), terpinen-4-ol (2.4â5.7%), and, among sesquiterpenes, γ-eudesmol (8.7â17.9%) and 6S,7R-bisabolone (4.4â14.9%). From a qualitative point of view, no relevant differences between the different methods of isolation were observed, while statistically significant differences on relative percentage were noticed. Oils obtained by HD showed a higher amount of monoterpenoid compounds (69.2%), while L-SMDE, H-SMDE and MAHD were richer in sesquiterpenes (47.9%, 42.7% and 47.6%, respectively). Key Word Index: Achillea millefolium Asteraceaedistillation methodsessential oil composition1,8-cineolesabineneγ-eudesmol'),(1304,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700126','Essential Oil Content and Composition of<i>Satureja sahendica</i>Bornm. at Different Stages of Plant Growth','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700126',15,'https://openalex.org/W2021372820','Abstract The aerial parts of Satureja sahandica Bornm. were collected in three stages of plant growth (at the beginning of, full and end of flowering stage) from Ghazvin province in the north of Iran. The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the plant material. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. The highest oil yield was obtained at the beginning of flowering (3.30% w/w), then the oil content decreased to 2.28% at full flowering stage and more decreased (1.65%) at the end of flowering. Twenty-three compounds were identified in the oil of S. sahandica at the beginning of flowering with γ-terpinene (42.3%), thymol (34.6%) and p-cymene (11.7%) as main components. Twenty-three constituents were characterized in the oil of full flowering stage with p-cymene (30.2%), thymol (29.6%) and γ-terpinene (27.7%) as major components. Twenty-seven compounds were identified in the oil at the end of flowering with p-cymene (58.1%), thymol (19.3%) and γ-terpinene (9.3%) as main components. The results showed, the percentage of p-cymene was increased in the oil of Satureja sahendica with growth of the plant and during flowering period and the percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene have been reduced. So, harvesting of Satureja sahendica can be commented at the beginning of flowering because of higher oil content and percentage of thymol.'),(1305,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700128','Composition of Essential Oils of Flowers, Leaves, Stems and Rhizome of<i>Peucedanum officinale</i>L. (Apiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700128',11,'https://openalex.org/W2060598209','Abstract The results of the chemical investigations of the essential oils from the flowers, leaves, stems and rhizome of Peucedanum officinale are presented. The essential oil contents were 1.21% (v/w) in flowers, 0.64% (v/w) in leaves, 0.08% (v/w) in stems and 0.24% (v/w) in rhizome. By GC and GC/MS analysis, in all four oils the total of 132 compounds was identified: 53 constituents (93.4% of total amount) in the oil obtained from the flowers, 70 (94.3% of total amount) in the oil from the leaves, 78 (87.8% of total amount) in the oil from the stems and 67 (95.9% of total amount) in the oil from rhizome. In all oils investigated, monoterpenes were the dominant class of constituents (73.9â83.7%), with hydrocarbons (65.6â81.6%) as the most abundant representatives. Limonene, α-pinene and sabinene were identified as the most important constituents in common for all four oils. In the oil from the flowers, leaves and stems, β-pinene and myrcene were also abundant. However, the flower oil differed from the others by a significant quantity of α-phellandrene.'),(1306,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700129','The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Froriepia subpinnata</i>(Ledeb.) Baill.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700129',6,'https://openalex.org/W2083488433','Abstract The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts of Froriepia subpinnata (Ledeb.) Baill. (Umbelliferae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six components have been identified in the oil. The major constituents of the oil were p-cymen-8-ol (34.7%), terpinolene (12.5%) and limonene (10.5%). Key Word Index: Froriepia subpinnata Umbelliferaeessential oil compositionp-cymen-8-olterpinolenelimonene'),(1307,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700132','Development of Erect Plant Mutant with Improved Patchouli Alcohol in Patchouli [<i>Pogostemon cablin</i>(Blanco) Benth.]','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700132',13,'https://openalex.org/W2064103683','Abstract Gamma irradiation treatment (30 Gy) of stem cuttings with single leaf and an axillary bud of sexually sterile patchouli [Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.] has resulted in isolation of an erect plant mutant âPM-12â with thick, dark green, illuminated and shiny leaves. This single plant with distinctly different morphology on vegetative propagation produced all erect plants with dark green shiny leaves. The radio mutant phenotype persisted over generations by stem cutting propagation. The essential oil quality profile of radio mutant revealed a significant higher percentage of patchouli alcohol, the main component of patchouli oil compared to its parental clone (60.3% against 47.8% in control). Creation of variability in patchouli alcohol content of the oil has more commercial viability because it imparts the patchouli oil a characteristic earthy piquant tenacious aroma.'),(1308,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700133','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Teucrium chamaedrys</i>L. from Corsica and Sardinia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700133',20,'https://openalex.org/W2108210338','Abstract The composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia islands were investigated using a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after fractionation over column chromatography. Eighty-seven compounds were identified, the main components were β-caryophyllene (29.0% and 27.4%, respectively) and germacrene D (19.4% and 13.5%, respectively), followed by α-humulene (6.8%) and δ-cadinene (5.4%) in the Corsican sample and by caryophyllene oxide (12.3%) and α-humulene (6.5%) in the Sardinian sample. The study confirms the quantitative variability of the chemical composition of T. chamaedrys oils.'),(1309,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700134','Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Calamintha tauricola</i>P.H. Davis','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700134',3,'https://openalex.org/W2040891572','Abstract Water distilled essential oils of Calamintha tauricola P.H. Davis, endemic in Turkey, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-one and 83 compounds comprising 98% and 96% of the oils were characterized. Manool (33.4% and 75.4%) was found as main component of the oils from samples collected in two different sites in Turkey.'),(1310,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700135','Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Pimpinella anisactis</i>Rech.f. and<i>Pimpinella saxifraga</i>L. from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700135',8,'https://openalex.org/W2024702968','Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Pimpinella anisactis Rech.f., and Pimpinella saxifraga L., were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of P. anisactis was characterized by higher amounts of decanal (34.5%) and decanal (14.1%), which were among the 30 components comprising 96.3% of the total oil detected. Twenty-four compounds representing 90.0% of the oil of P. saxifraga were identified, trans-α-bergamotene (20.1%), β-sesquiphellandrene (10.8%) and β-bisabolene (10.1%) being the major ones. The composition of both oils differs quantitatively and qualitatively.'),(1311,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700137','Essential Oil-Bearing Plants from Nigeria: Studies on<i>Vernonia perrottettii</i>(Leaf and Stem Bark), Young Leaves from<i>Eucalyptus decaisneana</i>and Immature Leaves of<i>Hyptis suaveolens</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700137',12,'https://openalex.org/W1983806809','Abstract The essential oils from four medicinal plants from Nigeria were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the leaf and stem oils of Vernonia perrottettii Sch. Bip. (Asteraceae) were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (92.1%) with abundance of β-caryophyllene (28.1% & 39.8%) and germacrene D (34.5% & 16.0%) in the leaf and stem oils, respectively. On the other hand, the leaf oil of Eucalyptus decaisneana Sm. (Myrtaceae) was dominated by the monoterpene hydrocarbons (90.6%) with α-phellandrene (31.1%), p-cymene (20.8%) and γ-terpinene (11.7%) being present in large quantities. The oil composition of immature leaf of Hyptis suaveolens L. (Lamiaceae) revealed the abundance of β-caryophyllene (22.3%), α-phellandrene (10.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (10.3%). The compositional pattern may probably lead to the delineation of a new chemotype of this species.'),(1312,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700139','Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of<i>Thymus pallescens</i>de Noé from Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700139',14,'https://openalex.org/W1967856709','Abstract The yield and composition variation of the essential oil from Thymus pallescens de Noé were determined. This endemic species growing in Algeria was harvested at three stages of plant development during four successive years (2003â2006). The yield in essential oil showed a maximum in the full flowering stage (4.2â4.6%) and a minimum at the beginning of the vegetative cycle (0.9â1.3%). Analysis was performed by GC and GC/MS. Carvacrol (39.7â65.0%) was found to be the most abundant constituent at each harvest period, followed by p-cymene (5.1â15.1%) and γ-terpinene (6.1â17.4%). At the vegetative period the essential oil was the richest in carvacrol (51.1â65.0%). At the full flowering period the oils of whole years reached close amounts of the main constituents and of different classes of components. Key Word Index: Thymus pallescens Lamiaceaeessential oil compositioncarvacrolp-cymeneγ-terpineneseasonal variation'),(1313,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700142','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Components from Capitula, Stems-Leaves and Aerial Parts of<i>Mantisalca duriaei</i>Briq. et Cavill Growing Wild in Tunisia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700142',11,'https://openalex.org/W1997945437','Abstract The chemical composition of the volatile fractions obtained by steam distillation from the whole aerial parts, capitula and stem+leaves of Mantisalca duriaei Briq. et Cavill was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-six constituents were identified. Methyl hexadecanoate (18.8%), farnesyl acetate (17.6%), docosane (9.1%) and methyl linolenate (9.4%) were found to be the main components in the whole aerial parts. This latter was the major compound in the flowers (42.6%) while methyl hexadecanoate (38.3%) and methyl linolenate (22%) were the main components in the stems+leaves. Furthermore, the oils were tested against six Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and four phytopathogenic fungi. The Mantisalca duriaei oils exhibited an interesting antibacterial activity against all strains tested except Pseudomonas aeruginosa but no antifungal activity was detected. Key Word Index: Mantisalca duriaei Asteraceaeessential oil compositionmethyl hexadecanoatemethyl linolenatefarnesyl acetateantimicrobial activity'),(1314,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700143','Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants Grown in the Mediterranean Area','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700143',17,'https://openalex.org/W2014200843','Abstract The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils isolated from four Lamiaceae [Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Origanum vulgare L. subsp. hirtum (Link) Ietsw., Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Satureja cuneifolia Ten.] harvested at three different vegetative stages, spontaneously growing in the South of Puglia, towards Gram-(+)ve and Gram-(-)ve bacteria and pathogenic yeasts were evaluated. The four oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and exhibited similarities and differences with respect to data reported in the literature. Specifically, T. capitata and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum oils were found to be rich in thymol (60.9â67.5% and 29.8â56.8%, respectively) and R. officinalis oil had large amounts of 1,8-cineole (8.0â51.3%) and α-pinene (3.9â31.4%). The composition of the oil of S. cuneifolia varied most of all, its main constituents being linalool (9.6â32.7%), borneol (12.9â24.0%) and α-pinene (9.5â11.7%). Each of the oils was found to possess some antimicrobial properties using the agar diffusion method. The effectiveness and behavioral specificity varied from one species to another, and within each species, in relation to the vegetative period and the microorganism tested. The most effective oils were those of O. vulgare subsp. hirtum and T. capitata. The latter was also biologically active towards P. aeruginosa which was not sensitive to either R. officinalis or S. cuneifolia oils. Key Word Index: Thymbra capitata Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum Rosmarinus officinalis Satureja cuneifolia Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionα-pineneγ-terpinenep-cymene1,8-cineolelinaloolborneolthymolantimicrobical activity'),(1315,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700146','Volatile Compounds of Kumquat (<i>Fortunella margarita</i>(Lour.) Swingle) Leaf Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700146',12,'https://openalex.org/W2066306474','Abstract Volatile compounds of kumquat (Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle) leaf oil were isolated by hydrodistillation. The isolated volatiles were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, which led to the identification of 106 compounds, representing 99% of the total composition. The leaf oil was characterized by being richer in sesquiterpenes than monoterpene compounds. γ-Eudesmol (19.0%), elemol (18.8%) and β-eudesmol (12.4%) were the most abundant compounds of the leaf oil. In addition, germacrene D (8.9%), β-pinene (8.3%) and linalool (8.2%) were also found as secondary constituents.'),(1316,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700147','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils Obtained From the Flower, Leaf and Stem of<i>Artemisia campestris</i>L. From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700147',17,'https://openalex.org/W2089827468','Abstract The composition of the essential oils obtained from the flowers, leaves and stems of Artemisia campestris L. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds representing 95.4% of the oil were identified in the flower oil, 22 compounds making up 90.3% of the oil were characterized in the oil obtained from leaves, and 14 compounds representing 96.7% of the stem oil of A. campestris were identified. α-Pinene (23.9%, 23.0% and 29.2%) and spathulenol (23.9%, 15.8% and 29.2%) were the main constituents in the flower, leaf and stem oils, respectively. The other main component of the flower oil was bicyclogermacrene (12.0%) and of the leaf oil β-pinene (12.6%). No significant difference was observed between compositions of flower, leaf and stem oils.'),(1317,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700148','The Essential Oil Composition of<i>Tanacetum densum</i>(Labill.) Heywood ssp.<i>sivasicum</i>Hub.-Mor. &amp; Grierson from Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700148',13,'https://openalex.org/W1992034631','Abstract Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of Tanacetum densum (L.) Heywood ssp. sivasicum Hub.-Mor. et Grierson from Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Tanacetum densum ssp. sivasicum flower and stem oils were characterized with 1,8-cineole (21.1% and 28.3%, respectively), camphor (19.2% and 16.4%, respectively), and borneol (5.8% and 6.4%, respectively).'),(1318,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700149','Intra and Interspecific Variations of Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils From Five<i>Eucalyptus</i>Species Growing in the Congo-Brazzaville. Corymbia Subgenus','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700149',9,'https://openalex.org/W2067630564','Abstract Leaf essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from Eucalyptus citriodora Hook., E. torelliana Hook., E. maculata Hook., E. nesophila Blakely and E. polycarpa F. Muell. (genus Eucalyptus, subgenus Corymbia) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil contents from the leaves of E. citriodora and E. maculata were greater than 2%; while the oils from the leaves of E. torelliana, E. nesophila and E. polycarpa were less than 1%. With the exception of E. citriodora oil, the composition of the other oils were found to vary significantly according species and the individual trees. Eucalyptus citriodora oil was a citronellal type (citronellal: 64.5â75.4%; citronellol: 8â11%). The main chemical types of E. torelliana in the Congo-Brazzaville were the pinene-type (17â78%), the citronellyl acetate-type (55.5%), and the globulol-type (20â26%). The major components of the E. nesophila oils were either α-pinene, or viridiflorol, which suggests the existence of an α-pinene-type and a viridiflorol-type. Eucalyptus polycarpa oils were found to be mainly rich in β-pinene (14â41%), globulol (20%), viridiflorol (23.4%), aromadendrene (8.3%) and γ-terpinene (5%).'),(1319,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700150','Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Cacao Maraco (<i>Theobroma bicolor</i>Humb. et Bonpl.) Fruit','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700150',16,'https://openalex.org/W2052994687','Abstract Volatile compounds were isolated from cacao maraco (Theobroma bicolor Humb. et Bonpl.) fruit by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and liquid-liquid extraction. The volatile concentrates were examined by combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 65 and 123 compounds were identified in the HS-SPME and liquid-liquid extraction of the fruit. Ethyl acetate, linalool and ethyl benzoate were the major components of these concentrates.'),(1320,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700151','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Centaurea calcitrapa</i>L. From Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700151',8,'https://openalex.org/W2155049414','Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Centaurea calcitrapa from Algeria was obtained by steam distillation in yield 0.01% and first time analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS techniques. Over 60 compounds were identified, representing 77.7% of the total components detected. The major constituents were β-caryophyllene (5.3%), 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (4.7%), (Z)-β-farnesene (4.2%) and heptanal (4.2%). These results show remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences with previously reported studies for Centaurea calcitrapa.'),(1321,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700152','Composition and Comparison of Essential Oils of<i>Pogostemon cablin</i>(Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) and<i>Pogostemon travancoricus</i>Bedd. var.<i>travancoricus</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700152',27,'https://openalex.org/W2160282473','Abstract Comparative study on the essential oil constituents of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli) and P. travancoricus Bedd. var. travancoricus were investigated using GC and GC/MS analysis. Eleven compounds from P. cablin oil (Patchouli) and 13 from P. travancoricus var. travancoricus oil were identified. Both species shared compounds like α- and β-patchoulene, patchouli alcohol (patchoulol), β-caryophyllene, α-guaiene, seychellene and selinene, although quantitatively less in P. travancoricus var. travancoricus.'),(1322,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700153','Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Salvia compressa</i>Vent. and<i>Cyclotrichium leucotrichum</i>(Stapf. ex Rech.f.) Leblebici From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700153',10,'https://openalex.org/W2033661134','Abstract The water distilled oils from the aerial parts of Salvia compressa Vent. collected from two different localities and Cyclotrichium leucotrichum (Stapf. ex Rech.f.) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components found in the oil of S. compressa collected at Tange Malavi, 751 m (sample A) were β-caryophyllene (21.4%), α-pinene (18.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.2%), while in the oil of the plant collected at Mamolan to Pole Dokhtar, 927 m (sample B), β-caryophyllene (21.1%), 3-thujopsanone (15.3%), germacrene D (12.6%), bicyclogermacrene (11.6%) and nerol (10.7%) were the most abundant constituents. Both oils were richer in sesquiterpenes than monoterpenes. Linalool (38.7%), limonene (15.4%) and spathulenol (12.6%) were the predominant compounds in the oil of Cyclotrichium leucotrichum. The oil of the plant consisted mainly of monoterpenes. Key Word Index: Salvia compressa Cyclotrichium leucotrichum Labiataeessential oil compositionβ-caryophylleneα-pinenecaryophylleneoxide3-thujopsanonegermacrene Dbicyclogermacrenenerollinaloollimonenespathulenol'),(1323,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700154','An Effcient Method for the Micropropagation of Lavenders: Regeneration of a Unique Mutant','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700154',32,'https://openalex.org/W2002238122','Abstract A novel protocol for the micropropagation of lavender plants (Lavandula angustifolia, cv. \"Lavender Lady\") has been developed. Young leaves were sterilized, lacerated with a sharp razor blade and incubated in the dark on regeneration medium (MS basal salts) containing 9 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D). Callus tissue appeared along injured areas of all tissue after two weeks. Multiple shoots formed from callus obtained from the TDZ treated leaves after an additional two to four weeks. However, calli forming on the 2,4-D treated tissue did not produce any shoots. Regenerated shoots were transferred to a growth medium (MS basal salts containing 0.05 μM napthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) to allow growth and development to approximately 1cm in length. Subsequently, shoots were dipped into a 0.80% IBA powder before transferring to fresh growth medium. This treatment resulted in 100% rooting of lavender shoots after one to four weeks. Rooted shoots were planted in potting soil, acclimatized, and then transferred to a greenhouse. This procedure was used to regenerate over 400 lavender plants. In these experiments, the emerging calli were treated with ethyl methane-sulfonate (EMS) to induce mutation in regenerating plants. One of the regenerated plants (the EO mutant) produced an essential oil that was drastically different in composition (the relative abundance of several mono- and sesquiterpenes) from that of wild type plants. This mutant provides a useful tool for investigating regulation of mono- and sesquiterpene production in plants. Key Word Index: Lavandulamicropropagationessential oil'),(1324,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700155','Essential Oil Composition From Leaves and Fruits of<i>Piper divaricatum</i>G. Mey.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700155',11,'https://openalex.org/W2055924056','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey., collected in August 2005 and September 2006, was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty-six components, representing more than 94.0% of the chemical compositions of the oils, were identified. Both oils showed higher concentrations of monoterpenoids, particularly the oils from leaves (74.2â81.1%). The oils showed some compositional similarities but the fruit oil could be easily distinguished from the leaf oil by the exclusive presence of α-phellandrene (4.6â10.0%) and significant content of β-caryophyllene (9.0â11.4%). The major constituents of the leaf oils were linalool (23.4â29.7%), β-pinene (19.9â25.3%) and α-pinene (9.0â18.8%), while the fruit oils contained β-pinene (18.0â12.0%), α-pinene (6.3â17.6%) and β-caryophyllene (9.0â11.4%) as prevalent compounds.'),(1325,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700156','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil From Fruits of<i>Phellodendron chinense</i>C. K. Schneid.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700156',3,'https://openalex.org/W2029894042','Abstract The essential oil from fruits of Phellodendron chinense C. K. Schneid. was analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. More than 90 compounds were identified. Myrcene (80.1â85.9%) and germacrene D (5.8â7.1%) were the main constituents in the oils obtained from fresh unripe, fresh ripe and air-dried ripe fruits.'),(1326,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700157','Volatile Compounds From Fruits of<i>Talisia esculenta</i>(A. St.-Hil.) Radlk. (Sapindaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700157',1,'https://openalex.org/W2037458355','Abstract The volatile compounds from fruits of Talisia esculenta harvested in northeastern Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified and pyrazines were the major compounds (representing 64.8â70.4% of the oil), mainly 2,5-diethylpyrazine (64.2â69.1%). Oxygenated monoterpenes also predominated (6.6â6.8% of the oil) besides high abundance of furfural (18.0â22.8%). Key Word Index: Talisia esculenta Sapindaceaepitombaessential oil composition2,5-diethylpyrazinefurfural'),(1327,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700158','Aromatic Plants of French Polynesia. III. Constituents of the Essential Oil of Leaves of<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700158',7,'https://openalex.org/W2055368493','Abstract Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), one of the most popular aromatic plants, shows great variation in both morphology and essential oil components. In this study, the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of three samples of basil of French Polynesia were investigated for the first time. The main constituents of the oil were (E)-methyl cinnamate (43.4â62.3%) and (Z)-methyl cinnamate (8.1â8.6%).'),(1328,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700159','Chemical Variations on the Essential Oils of<i>Cunila spicata</i>Benth. (Lamiaceae), an Aromatic and Medicinal Plant From South Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700159',8,'https://openalex.org/W2068816960','Abstract Volatile oils from aerial parts of 10 Brazilian accessions of Cunila spicata were characterized by analytical gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Twenty-three constituents accounting for 89.04â98.00% of the total essential oil were identified. Four new chemotypes of this species with high concentrations of linalool/1,8-cineole, 1,8-cineole, carvone/carveol, and 1,8-cineole/limonene were identified. Geographically, all the accessions from the Southeast range of Rio Grande do Sul State belonged to the linalool/1,8-cineole chemotype, where those from the Northeast mountains of the State were distributed in the four chemical groups.'),(1329,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700160','Terpenoid Composition of the Leaf and Stem Bark Essential Oils of<i>Vernonia migeodii</i>S. Moore (Asteraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700160',7,'https://openalex.org/W2050796826','Abstract The compositions of the essential oils of the leaf and stem bark of Vernonia migeodii Moore (syn. Vernonia courtetii O. Hoffm. et Muschl.) revealed some qualitative and quantitative variation. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for their constituents by means of gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). While the leaf oil was entirely sesquiterpenoid in composition (85.4%), monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes occurred in the same quantity (ca. 43.5%) in the stem oil. The major constituents of the leaf oil were germacrene D (26.8%), β-caryophyllene (16.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.0%). However, α-phellandrene (16.3%), germacrene D (9.8%), (E)-β-farnesene (9.7%), caryophyllene oxide (8.2%) and β-caryophyllene (8.0%) predominated in the stem oil.'),(1330,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700161','Heartwood Oils of<i>Santalum macgregorii</i>F. Muell. (PNG Sandalwood)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700161',8,'https://openalex.org/W2051029018','Abstract The steam distilled essential oils of 14 samples of heartwood of Santalum macgregorii from Papua New Guinea have been examined by GC and GC/MS. Three extremes of composition have been identified, viz. one in which the oil was very similar to that from S. album, with large amounts of α- and β-santalol, a form with large amounts of (Z)-lanceol, and a form with large amounts of (E,E)-farnesol, (Z)-γ-curcumen-12-ol, (Z)-β-curcumen-12-ol and (Z)-nuciferol. It would appear from the analyses that chemotypes are not present; rather, there is a continuous variation in the oils of this species.'),(1331,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700162','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Hydrocotyle umbellata</i>L. From Venezuela','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700162',6,'https://openalex.org/W2054206952','Abstract The essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Hydrocotyle umbellata L. (Apiaceae) yielded 0.025% of oil which was analyzed by capillary GC-FID and GC/MS. Twenty-one constituents were characterized making up 92.1% of the oil. The major compounds were germacrene D (26.0%), β-sesquiphellandrene (17.5%) and β-bisabolene (16.5%).'),(1332,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700163','Analysis of Volatile Compounds Released From Flowers and Roots of<i>Polygala cyparissias</i>and<i>Polygala paniculata</i>by Headspace/SPME','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700163',16,'https://openalex.org/W2106286105','Abstract Static headspace/SPME volatiles from flowers and roots of the two Polygala species were analyzed by GC/MS. Methyl salicylate (89.1% and 97.8%) was found as the main volatile constituent in both roots of the P. paniculata and P. cyparissias, respectively. However, in the flowers of the P. paniculata and P. cyparissias, bornyl acetate (26.0% and 19.2%) and 1,8-cineol (13.0% and 7.2%) were found as the main compounds in the headspace/SPME, respectively. Key Word Index: Polygala cyparissias Polygala paniculata Polygalaceaeheadspace volatiles'),(1333,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700164','Comparison of the Volatiles of<i>Achillea millefolium</i>L. Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Hydrodistillation Methods','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700164',19,'https://openalex.org/W1989277909','Abstract The volatiles of Achillea millefolium L., cultivated in Iran, were obtained by hydrodistillation and supercritical (carbon dioxide) extraction methods. The volatiles were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using fame ionization and mass spectrometric detections. The effects of different parameters, such as pressure, temperature, modifier volume and extraction time, on the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of A. millefolium volatiles were investigated. The results showed that, under a pressure of 300 atm, temperature 35°C, 5% methanol and dynamic extraction time of 20 min, extraction was more selective for germacrene D. Fifty compounds were identified in the hydrodistilled oil. The major volatile components of A. millefollium were 1,8-cineole (15.2%) and germacrene D (14.1%). However, by using supercritical carbon dioxide under optimum conditions, only two components constituted more than (60%) of the volatile concentrate.'),(1334,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700165','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Gmelina arborea</i>Roxb., Verbenaceae, From Nigeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700165',9,'https://openalex.org/W2056249603','Abstract The chemical composition of the fruit oil of Gmelina arborea Roxb., Verbenaceae, was examined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred components were identified which accounted for 92.7% of the oil including 24 trace compounds. The ubiquitous terpenes occurred in lesser amount. The fruit oil was characterized by the abundance of (Z)-3-hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol (6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%) as the main aldehyde constituents.'),(1335,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700166','Composition of the Essential Oils of the Leaves and Flowers of<i>Thymus pallescens</i>de Noé and<i>Origanum floribundum</i>Munby From Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700166',15,'https://openalex.org/W2075364896','Abstract The essential oils of Thymus pallescens de Noé and Origanum floribundum Munby leaves and flowers were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil yields of T. pallescens were 2.8% for the leaves and 3.7% for the flowers, while those of O. floribundum were 2.0% for the leaves and 5.4% for the inflorescences. The major constituents of both the leaves and flowers of T. pallescens were p-cymene (17.4% and 9.2%), γ-terpinene (10.6% and 14.1%) and carvacrol (39.0% and 48.3%), respectively, while those of O. floribundum were p-cymene (22.3% and 9.6%), γ-terpinene (17.3% and 24.3%) and thymol (34.4% and 41.2%), respectively. For the both plants p-cymene and sesquiterpenes were essentially concentrated in leaves. Key Word Index: Thymus pallescens Origanum floribundum Lamiaceaeessential oil compositioncarvacrolp-cymeneγ-terpinene'),(1336,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700167','Phytoconstituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Craniotome furcata</i>(Link.) O. Kuntze','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700167',1,'https://openalex.org/W1969127846','Abstract The essential oil of Craniotome furcata (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC, GC/MS and NMR (1H- and 13C-). Twenty-two constituents were identified which represent 91.0% of the total oil. The main constituent was germacrene D (30.9%). The other constituents were germacrene D-4-ol (12.1%), α-cadinol (6.4%), 3-octanone (6.1%), germacrene A (5.8%) and epi-α-cadinol (4.0%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (49.0%).'),(1337,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700168','Essential Oil of Leaves of<i>Croton campestris</i>St. Hilaire, Its Secretory Elements, and Its Biological Activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700168',11,'https://openalex.org/W2055554988','Abstract The structure of the secretory tissues and the essential oil of the leaves of Croton campestris St Hil. were studied. The oil isolated by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and was found to contain 75 components accounting for 92.9% of the total oil, with the major components being caryophyllene oxide (29.9%) and humulene oxide II (8.0%). Growth inhibitory activity of the active compounds in solution was evaluated by measuring Minimal Inhibitory Concentration using a broth micro-method. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of the leaf oil was 1.56 µg/mL for Staphylococcus aureus, 6.25 µg/mL for Enterrococcus hirae and 6.25 µg/mL for Candida albicans.'),(1338,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700169','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Rhizome Essential Oils of Two<i>Athamanta turbith</i>Subspecies','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700169',8,'https://openalex.org/W2014824031','Abstract The hydrodistilled essential oils of the rhizomes of Athamanta turbith subsp. hungarica and A. turbith subsp. haynaldii were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Twenty-one compounds (99.8% of total oil) were identified in the oil from A. turbith subsp. hungarica, and 33 components (99.9% of total oil) were identified in the oil from A. turbith subsp. haynaldii. Both oils were characterized by high amounts of phenylpropanes, with myristicin (54.2% and 22.3%, respectively) and apiole (32.6% and 48.5%, respectively) being the main components. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution method. Investigated essential oils were the most effective against Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and had no effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As for antifungal activity, essential oils exerted similar and significant activity, but only in higher concentrations.'),(1339,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700170','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of<i>Stachys persica</i>Gmel.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700170',5,'https://openalex.org/W2064247746','Abstract The essential oil of the dried flowering aerial parts of Stachys persica Gmel. (Labiatae) collected from the suburb of Nour, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran, in May 2007, were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS. The major components of S. persica oil were pinocamphone (25.6%), (E)-β-farnesene (6.3%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.2%). The antimicrobial activity of S. persica oil was studied using the disk diffusion method and determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Aspergilus niger and Candida albicans. The S. persica oil exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity on Bacillus subtilis, Aspergilus niger and Candida albicans.'),(1340,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700171','Antimicrobial Activities of Roman Chamomile Oil From France and Its Main Compounds','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700171',34,'https://openalex.org/W2092140062','Abstract The antimicrobial activity of an essential Roman chamomile flower oil from the Provence (France) was tested against various strains of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella sp.) as well as against the yeast Candida albicans using a modified agar dilution and agar diffusion method. In addition, some pure main and minor compounds (chemical composition obtained by means of GC and GC/MS measurements), such as isobutyl angelate (32.1%), 2-methylbutyl angelate (16.2%), isobutyl isobutyrate (5.3%), methyl 2-methylbutyrate (1.9%), prenyl acetate (1.4%), 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate (1.2%) and 2-methylbutyl acetate (1.2%), were also studied for their antimicrobial effects. The Roman chamomile sample showed high antimicrobial activity against all strains of tested microbes (reference compounds: eugenol and three synthetic antibiotics). A similar result was found for 2-methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2-methylbutyl acetate and prenyl acetate. Surprisingly, no antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli by methyl 2-methylbutyrate and against Klebsiella pneumoniae by 2-methylbutyl angelate and methyl 2-methylbutyrate as well as by isobutyl isobutyrate against Staphylococcus aureus were observed. It is proposed that the very high antimicrobial activity of Roman chamomile oil from the Provence results of effects found for both main and minor constituents of this oil.'),(1341,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700172','Volatile Constituents and Antibacterial Activity From Seeds of<i>Bowdichia virgilioides</i>Kunt','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700172',8,'https://openalex.org/W2000453737','Abstract The essential oil from seeds of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunt (Fabaceae) growing in Brazil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. This analysis resulted in the identification of 17 components. The main constituents of the essential oil were b-elemene (6.9%), β-caryophyllene (44.1%), germacrene D (7.9%), bicyclogermacrene (6.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.9%). The oil was tested for its antimicrobial activity against seven bacteria using the standard gel diffusion method.'),(1342,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700173','Volatile Compounds of the Fruits of<i>Sipharuna thecaphora</i>(Poepp. et Endl.) A. DC.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700173',1,'https://openalex.org/W1994666943','Abstract Volatile compounds were isolated from fruits of Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. et Endl.) A. DC. by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction. Compounds were identified by capillary GC/MS. One hundred and thirty compounds were identified, with the major representatives being atractylone (12.7% of the total volatiles) and curzerene (11.7% of the total volatiles). The significant amounts of neral and geranial, with their powerful lemon fragrances, contribute much to the typical fruit flavor.'),(1343,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700174','Variability of Essential Oil Composition of Cultivated Feverfew (<i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>(L.) Schultz Bip.) Populations','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700174',12,'https://openalex.org/W1990883349','Abstract The differences in essential oil composition, based upon GC and GC/MS analysis, were studied in four cultivated populations of Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip.). The yield of oil ranged from 0.23% to 0.36%; the major components were camphor (46.4â47.2%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (22.4â27.3%) and camphene (10.9â12.7%). Statistically significant differences among tested populations were mostly related to the content of trans-chrysanthenyl acetate and borneol.'),(1344,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700175','Yield and Composition of Essential Oils From<i>Eucalyptus citriodora</i>x<i>Eucalyptus torelliana</i>, a Hybrid Species Growing in Congo-Brazzaville','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700175',16,'https://openalex.org/W1992340111','Abstract Essential oils from leaves of E. citriodora and E. torelliana pure species and E. citriodora x E. torelliana hybrids, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Six oil samples of E. citriodora showed two main constituents (citronellal 57.1â75.4% and citronellol 8â11%) out of 64 identified constituents (> 0.1%). Nine oil samples from E. torelliana contained 78 constituents (> 0.1%) with various main constituents: α-pinene (20.3â78.1%), globu- lol (20â26%) and citronellyl acetate (55.5%). Six oil samples of E. citriodora x E. torelliana hybrids were of a citronel- lal/citronellol chemical type (66â76%), like E. citriodora, or α-pinene (24.3â49.5%), or citronellyl acetate (61.4%) chemical type, like E. torelliana.'),(1345,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700176','Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil From<i>Oxytropis falcate</i>Bunge','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700176',6,'https://openalex.org/W2142886977','Abstract The antioxidant activity of the essential oil from Oxytropis falcate Bunge was determined spectrophotometrically using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) while the oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil exhibited an IC50 value at 0.17 mg/mL. Analysis revealed that 50 compounds were identified, consisting 89.0% of the total oil. Viridiflorol (11.5%), (E)-nerolidol (8.2%), ethyl hexadecanoate (6.5%), tricosane (5.6%) and spathulenol (5.4%) were the major components of the oil.'),(1346,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700177','Effect of Altitude on the Essential Oil Constituents of<i>Artemisia roxburghiana</i>Besser var.<i>purpurascens</i>(Jacq.) Hook','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700177',41,'https://openalex.org/W2078208400','Abstract Mature vegetative plants of Artemisia roxburghiana Besser var. purpurascens (Jacq.) Hook were collected from Mussoorie (2205 m), Bhatwari (1218 m) and Bhaldana (850 m) from Garhwal Himalayas and their essential oils were isolated and subjected to GC and GC/MS analysis. The oil yield was lowest (0.2%) in the plants collected from the relatively higher altitude of Mussoorie; it was rich in borneol (21.2%) followed by linalyl acetate (7.4%) and α- humulene (6.7%). The oils from plants collected from the lower altitudes of Bhatwari and Bhaldana yielded higher percentage of oils (0.8â0.85%) which were dominated by β-caryophyllene (16.3%, 18.4%) followed by α-thujone (12.0%) in the former and eugenol (16.2%) in the later.'),(1347,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700178','Analysis of the Hexane Extracts From Seven Oleoresins of<i>Protium</i>Species','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700178',17,'https://openalex.org/W2032147339','Abstract The oleoresins of seven Protium species were extracted with hexane and the obtained extracts were studied by GC and GC/MS. A total of 38 compounds were identified in these extracts. The principal components were α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, α-cubebene, β-caryophyllene, α-amyrenone, α-amyrin and β-amyrin. p-Cymene was the principal monoterpene of P. grandifolium (46.5%) and P. apiculatum (25.4%). High concentrations of α- and β-amyrins were identified in P. strumosum (64%) and P. tenuifolium (66.7%).'),(1348,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700179','Seasonal Variation of the (E)-Nerolidol and Other Volatile Compounds Within Ten Different Cultivated Populations of<i>Baccharis dracunculifolia</i>D.C. (Asteraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700179',28,'https://openalex.org/W2056872682','Abstract Initially, the seeds of Baccharis dracunculifolia were collected from populations of 10 different regions, and the cultivation experiment was carried out in an experimental area of 1,800 m2 by cultivating 100 individuals of each population. The essential oil analyses were performed on both GC-FID and GC/MS, which allowed the identification of 14 compounds. The oil yield varied from 0.31% to 0.70% among populations and season. The major oxygenated sesquiterpenes in the cultivated experiment were (E)-nerolidol (32%) and spathulenol (17%). The mean concentration in the plant of (E)-nerolidol was five times higher in March (136.53 mg/100 g of plant) than it was in July (25.03 mg/100 g of plant). The mean concentration of spathulenol increased about three fold from July (16.25 mg/100 g of plant) to April (47.50 mg/100 g of plant).'),(1349,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700180','Fruit Oil of<i>Campomanesia pubescens</i>(Myrtaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700180',3,'https://openalex.org/W1972573510','Abstract The essential oils obtained from the fruits of Campomanesia pubescens O. Berg (Myrtaceae) collected in the Mato Grosso do Sul were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-eight components were identified in the fruit oil. The major constituent was cryptomeridiol (14.2%).'),(1350,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700181','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Centaurium erythraea</i>Rafn (Gentianaceae) From Serbia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700181',22,'https://openalex.org/W1971488699','Abstract The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Centaurium erythraea Rafn obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Two hundred and thirty two constituents identified accounted for 93.4% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were: neophytadiene isomer III (10.1%), carvacrol (7.9%), p-camphorene (5.6%), hexadecanoic acid (4.9%) and thymol (4.2%). The terpenoid fraction represented more then one half of the oil (14.4% monoterpenoids, 18.7% sesquiterpenoids and 22.4% diterpenoids), while the fatty acids and fatty acid derived compounds made up a third, and the carotenoid derived compounds only ca. 5% of the oil. Erythrocentaurin, 5-formyl-2,3- dihydroisocoumarin, although a minor contributor (0.1%) of the oil, was identified for the first time in an oil sample. Key Word Index: Centaurium erythraea Gentianaceaeessential oil compositionneophytadienecarvacrolp-camphoreneerythrocentaurin'),(1351,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700182','Composition of the Essential Oil From<i>Trinia Dalechampii</i>(Ten.) Janchen','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700182',1,'https://openalex.org/W1967973881','Abstract The essential oil isolated from plants of Trinia dalechampii (Ten.) Janchen. collected in Gran Sasso Mountain (Abruzzo region, Italy) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixteen compounds were identified and the major components were myristicin (32.7%), limonene (19.4%), methyl carvacrol (18.7%) and β-caryophyllene (13.7%).'),(1352,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700183','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Aloysia gratissima</i>From Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700183',26,'https://openalex.org/W1985386756','Abstract The study of Aloysia gratissima essential oil from leaves was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus. The essential oil composition was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major compounds were identified representing 94.7% of the oil. The most abundant compounds were isopinocamphone (cis-3-pinanone) (25.4%), limonene (15.1%), and guaiol (12.7%).'),(1353,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700184','Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oils From<i>Lavandula luisieri, L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica, L. stoechas</i>subsp.<i>lusitanica</i>x<i>L. luisieri</i>and<i>L. viridis</i>Grown in Algarve (Portugal)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700184',54,'https://openalex.org/W2005455665','Abstract The antioxidant capacity of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Lavandula luisieri, L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica, the hybrid L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica x L. luisieri, and L. viridis collected in different regions of Algarve (Portugal), as well as that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), was evaluated using three different methods: free radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay (TBARS) and reductive potential. The chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oils of L. luisieri were mainly constituted by 1,8-cineole (26â34%) and trans-α-necrodyl acetate (11â18%), only present in this lavender species. The oils of Lavandula stoechas subsp. lusitanica and the hybrid L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica x L. luisieri were dominated by fenchone (42â44%) and camphor (35â36%). Despite of the morphological resemblances of the L. stoechas subsp. lusitanica x L. luisieri with L. luisieri, no necrodane derivatives were detected in the hybrid, showing instead a major chemical similarity with L. stoechas oil. Lavandula viridis oil mainly comprised 1,8-cineole (33%) and camphor (20%). The oils of L. luisieri were the most effective as antioxidants, independent of the evaluation method used, although showing always lower antioxidant ability than BHT.'),(1354,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700185','Chemical Studies of Leaf Essential Oils of Three Species of<i>Juniperus</i>From Tensift Al Haouz-Marrakech Region (Morocco)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700185',29,'https://openalex.org/W1998685460','Abstract Volatile components from fresh and air-dried leaves of Juniperus thurifera var. africana, J. phoenicea and J. oxycedrus (Cupressaceae) were isolated by direct water distillation (Clevenger-type apparatus) and analyzed using GC (FID) and GC/MS. The essential oils from leaves of J. thurifera var. africana were characterized by a high sabinene content (16.5â21.8%), γ-terpinene (9.3â11.5%), and α-pinene (7.6â9.1%). The major components for J. phoenicea were α-pinene (38.2â58%) and δ-3-carene (7.6%), while 13-epi-manoyl oxide (12.5â13.2%), (Z)-6-pentadecen-2-one (11.5â12.2%), and α-pinene (8.5â17.1%) were the major components found in the leaf oils of J. oxycedrus. The fresh leaves of J. thurifera var. africana contained 1.46% oil, while the yield was 1.14% from the dried leaves. The oil yields from the dried leaves of J. phoenicea and J. oxycedrus were 0.94% and 0.01%, respectively. Air-drying moderately effected the qualitative and quantitative composition of the oils.'),(1355,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700186','The Needle Oil of<i>Pinus caribaea</i>Morelet From Nigeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700186',4,'https://openalex.org/W2063576942','Abstract Essential oil composition of fresh needles from Pinus caribaea Morelet (Carribean pine) grown in Nigeria was investigated by a combination of GC and GC/MS. The 44 oil constituents, obtained by hydrodistillation, were largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (83.6%). The present investigation revealed the abundance of limonene (42.9%) and β-phellandrene (24.4%). β-Caryophyllene (7.6%) occurred in a Significant proportion among the sesquiterpenes.'),(1356,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700187','Composition of the Leaf Oils of<i>Prunus phaeosticta</i>var.<i>phaeosticta</i>From Taiwan','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700187',9,'https://openalex.org/W1974851370','Abstract The leaf essential oils of Prunus phaeosticta var. phaeosticta were isolated and analyzed using hydrodistillation and headspace-GC methods to determine their composition and yield. Seventy-six compounds were identified in the hydrodistilled leaf oil, and 58 compounds were identified by the headspace, respectively, using GC and GC/MS. The main components of the oils were benzaldehyde (73.3%), 1,8-cineole (5.4%), and α-terpinyl acetate (4.4%).'),(1357,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700188','Essential Oil Constituents of<i>Aspilia africana</i>(Pers.) C. D. Adams Leaf From Nigeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700188',5,'https://openalex.org/W2016528182','Abstract Essential oil of Aspilia africana found in Nigeria was investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. The oil was characterized by the dominance of sesquiterpenes (58.0%). Sesquiterpenes, like β-caryophyllene (10.8%) and germacrene D (15.6%), and a monoterpene hydrocarbon, α-pinene (13.6%), formed the major components of A. africana oil.'),(1358,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700189','Composition of Essential Oils From Five Aromatic Species of Asteraceae','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700189',14,'https://openalex.org/W2050809449','The chemical composition of essential oils of five aromatic Asteraceae native of Chile was examined using GC and GC/MS. In the oil of Gnaphalium philippi Cabrera, 25 compounds were identified, with (E)-nerolidol (44.3%) and dodecanoic acid (8.7%) predominating. Seventeen compounds were identified in the oil of Leptocarpha rivularis DC., with caryophyllene oxide (25.2%), β-caryophyllene (21.1%), and α-thujone (11.9%) being the major ones. In the oil of Ophryosporus pinifolius (Phil.) King et H. Robinson, 23 compounds were identified, with limonene (35.9%) and β-caryophyllene (9.4%) being the major constituents. Eleven compounds were identified in the oil of Senecio adenotrichius DC., dehydrofukinone (70.9%) being the major one. In the oil of Senecio zoellneri Martic. et Quez., 21 compounds were identified, the predominant ones being δ-3-carene (19.5%), β-phellandrene (18.0%), β-pinene (16.4%), and α-pinene (10.8%). Monoterpenes predominated in O. pinifolius and S. zoellneri, and sesquit'),(1359,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700190','Chemical Composition of Leaf Essential Oil From<i>Solidago decurrens</i>Lour.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700190',2,'https://openalex.org/W2152040660','Abstract The essential oil was obtained at yield of 0.37% by hydrodistillation from fresh leaf tissue of Solidago decurrens Lour collected from Zhejiang Province, China. GC and GC/MS analysis identified 33 components, representing 90.4% of the leaf oil. The main components were δ-elemene (30.8%), β-elemene (6.4%), β-caryophyllene (15.4%), α-humulene (3.2%), δ-selinene (2.4%), germacrene D (4.5%), and ledene oxide-(II) (13.1%).'),(1360,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700191','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils From Leaves, Flowers, Stem and Root of<i>Centaurea zuvandica</i>Sosn','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700191',6,'https://openalex.org/W2046576498','Abstract The essential oils obtained from the dried leaves, flowers, stem and root of Centaurea zuvandica Sosn. (Compositae) were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Twenty components were identified in the oil of leaves with spathulenol (28.1%), α-pinene (21.3%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.7%) as main constituents. Fifteen compounds were identified in the oil of flowers with spathulenol (32.3%), α-pinene (25.8%) and limonene (8.2%) as main components. Eighteen compounds were characterized in the oil of stem with spathulenol (37.1%), α-terpineol (12.8%), caryophyllene oxide (8.2%) as main constituents. In the oil of root, germacrene D (35.2%), spathulenol (15.7%) and α-terpineol (11.6%) were found as main constituents. All oils consisted of monoterpene and sesquiterpene components.'),(1361,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700192','Seasonal Variation of Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Thyme (<i>Thymus vulgaris</i>L.) Grown in CastillaâLa Mancha (Central Spain)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700192',24,'https://openalex.org/W2038403270','Abstract Links between phenology, yield and composition of the essential oil of common thyme, Thymus vulgaris L., grown in Guadalajara (Central Spain) were determined in the different phases of the biological cycle during one year. Data showed an average yield of about 2%. The analysis of the oil components was carried out by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main oil constituents were thymol (36.3â47.5%), p-cymene (13.0â27.8%) and γ-terpinene (5.3â16.2%), which is in accord with a thymol chemotype. The highest yield of oil was obtained in the period of full flowering and the highest concentration of thymol in the period of initial flowering.'),(1362,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700193','Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils of Mint and Peppermint as Well as Some of Their Main Compounds','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700193',49,'https://openalex.org/W2031527329','Abstract The oil of peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) from the USA, a dementholized cornmint oil (M. canadensis L.), and a fraction of the dementholized cornmint oil were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main constituents of the three samples analyzed were menthone (23.4%, 20.4% and 58.3%, respectively) and menthol (40.7%, 41.2% and 12.3%, respectively). The two oils, the cornmint oil fraction and seven mint oil compounds [(-)-menthol, (-)-menthone, (+/-)-menthyl acetate, 1,8-cineole, limonene, β-pinene and β-caryophyllene] were investigated for their antimicrobial effects against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis), five Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella sp.) and the yeast Candida albicans using a modifed agar dilution and agar diffusion method. Medium to high antimicrobial effects were found for both oils, the dementholized cornmint oil fraction, and the target-compounds against all Gram-positive bacteria, whereas against the Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast, one or more samples showed only weak or no activity.'),(1363,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700194','The Effects of Extracts Obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Traditional Extraction Techniques on Larvae<i>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</i>SAY.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700194',29,'https://openalex.org/W1993616470','Abstract Extracts from savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and thymus (Thymus vulgaris L.) were obtained by supercritical fluid extraction, hydrodistillation, and Soxhlet extraction with benzene and ethanol. The composition of volatile compounds in the extracts was determined by gas chromatography, and the toxicity and antifeedant effects of the extracts on larvae of Colorado potato beetle were evaluated. Generally it is possible to claim that all extracts caused mortality in 24 h after their topical application. Significant differences between the particular extracts and plants were found. The most effective isolates were the essentials oils which showed the lowest LD50. The lethal dosages of 22 mg and 29 µg were determined for oil from S. hortensis and T. vulgaris, respectively, but the difference was not Significant (P < 0.05). The extracts of S. hortensis (SFE2 and SFE3) had similar efficiencies as the oils with lethal dosages of LD50 28 µg and 30 µg, respectively. Strong deterrent effects of all extracts against larvae were observed. In the no-choice test with leaf discs, the consumption of control food by the fourth instars larvae L. decemlineata was Significantly higher than the consumption of treated food in the treatment concentrations (P < 0.05). The AFI declined depending on the concentration.'),(1364,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700195','Composition and In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils of Two Populations of<i>Thymus numidicus</i>Poiret','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700195',8,'https://openalex.org/W2068223721','Abstract We investigated the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oils of two populations of Thymus numidicus Poiret. differentiated by the color of the flowers. Forty-two compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), representing more than 97% of the oil. The main components of both oils were thymol (59.0%, 68.0%), γ-terpinene (8.5%, 4.2%), p-cymene (5.8%, 4.5%), carvacrol (3.7%, 4.2%) and α-pinene (5.3%, 3.5%) (purplish-white and violet varieties, respectively). The oils exhibited promising activity in the disc diffusion antibacterial assay.'),(1365,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700196','Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Leaf Essential Oil of <i>Baccharis magellanica</i> (Lam.) Pers. and <i>Baccharis elaeoides</i> Remy From Chile','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700196',21,'https://openalex.org/W2037385896','Abstract The essential oil and the MeOH extract of the leaves from Baccharis magellanica and B. elaeoides were found to be active against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Analysis of the leaf essential oil yielded 0.3% v/w and 0.7% v/w, respectively. Analysis by GC-FID and GC/MS established the major constituents of both species. In B. elaeoides the major constituents were γ-cadinene (9.9%), limonene (9.1%), Ï-cadinol (8.4%), α-cadinol (8.1%), β-pinene (5.0%), β-patchoulene (4.9%), α-muurolene (4.0%), α-pinene (3.6%), α-calacorene (2.7%), γ-muurolene (2.7%), α-thujene (2.5%), α-cubebene (2.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (2.2%), and in B. magellanica the major constituents were 4-hydroxy- acetophenone (30.5%), massoia lactone (9.2%), α-cadinol (6.5%), γ-eudesmol (4.9%), elemol (3.7%), β-eudesmol (2.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.3%).'),(1366,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700205','Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Three<i>Artemisia</i>Species Growing Wild in Iran:<i>Artemisia kermanensis</i>Podl.,<i>A. kopetdaghensis</i>Krasch., M.Pop et Lincz. ex Poljak., and<i>A. haussknechtii</i>Boiss.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700205',8,'https://openalex.org/W2025528605','Abstract The water distilled essential oils from aerial parts of three Artemisia species: A. kermanensis Podl., A. kopetdaghensis Krasch., M.Pop. et Lincz. ex Poljak., and A. haussknechtii Boiss. have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. The oil of A. kermanensis and A. kopetdaghensis were rich in davanone (21.4% and 47.9%, respectively). The other main components of the oil of A. kermanensis were 1,8-cineole (16.0%) and chrysanthenone (14.8%), whereas geranial (6.5%) and ethyl nerolate (6.3%) were the other considerable compositions of A. kopetdaghensis. In the oil of A. haussknechtii, 1,8-cineole (16.5%), camphor (14.5%) and artemisia ketone (10.5%) were found to be the major constituents.'),(1367,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700210','Identification of the Volatile Compounds of Flower Oil of<i>Campomanesia pubescens</i>(Myrtaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700210',5,'https://openalex.org/W1997319753','Abstract The essential oil obtained of the flowers from Campomanesia pubescens (Myrtaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-eight compounds were identified in the flower oil of Campomanesia pubescens. The major constituents in the flower oil were ledol (19.8%), globulol (9.2%), α-cadinol (7.3%) and epi-α-muurolol (5.0%).'),(1368,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700211','Study of the Oil Constituents Extracted From Aerial Parts of<i>Pimpinella aurea</i>DC. From Central Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700211',3,'https://openalex.org/W2093760698','Abstract The dried aerial parts of Pimpinella aurea DC., which belongs to Apiaceae family and grows in central Iran, were hydrodistilled to produce oils in the yield of 0.30% (v/w). The oils were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-six compounds were identified, representing 96.27% of the oils. The main components were β-caryophyllene (13.6%), β-bisabolene (12.2%), (E)-β-farnesene (10.4%) and β-sesquiphellandrene (10.2%).'),(1369,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700220','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils From Flower and Leaf of<i>Laserpitium zernyi</i>Hayek','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700220',7,'https://openalex.org/W2002516846','The hydrodistilled essential oils of the flowers and leaves of Laserpitium zernyi by GC-FID and GC/MS. Fifty-five compounds were identified in the flower oil (96.8% of total oil) and 58 in the leaf oil (89.4% of total oil). Both oils were characterised by the high amount of monoterpenes (59.1-75.6%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in smaller quantity (21.2-29.2%). The main compounds in the flower oil were sabinene (18.5%), limonene (12.0%), beta-phellandrene (12.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (10.6%), while in the leaf oil the most dominant were beta-pinene (20.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (12.0%). The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined using the agar diffusion and broth microdilution method against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, St. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and a yeast Candida albicans. The best inhibitory effect (MIC 0.6 mg/mL) was exhibited by the flower oil against St. epidermidis, K pneumoniae and C. albicans, the leaf oil against M. luteus, and both oils against E. coli.'),(1370,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700223','Fruit Oil of<i>Campomanesia xanthocarpa</i>O. Berg and<i>Campomanesia adamantium</i>O. Berg','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700223',8,'https://openalex.org/W2118505173','Abstract The essential oils obtained of the fruits from Campomanesia xanthocarpa and Campomanesia adamantium (Myrta-ceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven and 38 components were identified in the fruit oil of C. xantho-carpa and C. adamantium, respectively. In the two species, the major constituent was cryptomeridiol (11.9â19.2%).'),(1371,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700224','Volatile Compounds of Round Kumquat (<i>Fortunella japonica</i>Swingle) Peel Oil From Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700224',27,'https://openalex.org/W2010369205','Abstract Volatile compounds of Colombian round kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, which led to the identification of 106 compounds, of which 46 were identified for the first time in round kumquat. Limonene was the most abundant compound, comprising 76.7% of peel oil. In addition to limonene, myrcene, germacrene D and linalool and were found as major constituents.'),(1372,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700226','Volatile Components of the Essential Oil From<i>Bauhinia ungulata</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700226',10,'https://openalex.org/W2046587679','Abstract Air-dried leaves of Bauhinia ungulata L. were submitted to volatile oil isolation by hydrodistillation to produce an oil in 0.007% yield. The oil obtained was examined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirteen compounds comprising 95.9% of the total peak area were identified. The main constituents identified were spathulenol (47.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (18.3%).'),(1373,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700227','Changes in the Volatile Profile of the<i>Artemisia lobelii</i>All. During Prolonged Plant Material Storage','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700227',7,'https://openalex.org/W2038548465','Abstract Chemical composition of the essential oil hydrodistilled from the Artemisia lobelii All., after a storage period of seven years, was studied by GC and GC/MS and compared with the chemical composition of the oil obtained right after drying the same plant material. Although two leading constituents of the compared oils were camphor and 1,8-cineole (36.6% and 17.9% in the oil distilled directly after plant material drying and 17.8% and 11.0% in the oil obtained after prolonged storage, respectively), significant decrease in the oil yield (from 0.17% to 0.09%) and increase in the number of components (from 26 to 120) during plant material storage was observed. These changes in the oil content and composition are most probably influenced by the evaporation of the volatile constituents from the plant material during storage, and by the chemical transformations of the plant native metabolites. Key Word Index: Artemisia lobelii Asteraceaeessential oil composition1,8-cineolecamphorstorage effects'),(1374,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700228','Chemical Variation in the Volatiles of<i>Copaifera reticulata</i>Ducke (Leguminosae) Growing Wild in the States of Pará and Amapá, Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700228',20,'https://openalex.org/W2135007265','Abstract The oleoresins of 12 trees of Copaifera reticulata growing wild in the States of Pará and Amapá were examined by GC-FID and GC/MS. The majority oleoresins from Pará possessed high amounts of β-bisabolene (18.4â42.4%) and trans-α-bergamotene (11.8â29.6%). The oleoresins from Amapá were rich in β-caryophyllene (27.8â68.0%), β-selinene (0.2â20.6%) and β-bisabolene (3.7â17.8%). The results showed a high variation in the composition of the components of the oleoresins of C. reticulata.'),(1375,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700229','Volatiles From Leaves and Flowers of Borage (<i>Borago officinalis</i>L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700229',11,'https://openalex.org/W2038155099','Abstract The essential oils obtained from the fresh leaves and flowers of Borago officinalis collected in the region of Amdoun (northwestern Tunisia) were examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified. The oil yields expressed on a dry weight basis were 0.14% and 0.24% for the leaves and flowers, respectively. The main compound determined in flower and leaf oil was (E,E)-2,4-decadienal with 43.4% and 26.9% in the leaf and flower oils, respectively. The oils from the two organs showed the predominance of the aldehyde class which constituted 61.2% and 61.9% in the leaf and flower oils, respectively. Other classes present in important percentages in the two organs were alcohols (22.4%) in the leaf oil and phenols (13.2%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.2%) in the flower oil. Key Word Index: Borago officinalis Boraginaceaeessential oil composition(E,E)-2,4-decadienal(Z)-3-hexenol'),(1376,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700230','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Doronicum austriacum</i>Jacq. subsp.<i>giganteum</i>(Griseb.) Stoj. et Stef. (Compositae) From Serbia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700230',10,'https://openalex.org/W2012845072','Abstract The composition of the hydrodistilled oil of Doronicum austriacum Jacq. subsp. giganteum (Griseb.) Stoj. et Stef. (Compositae) obtained in 0.08% w/w yield was determined by GC and GC/MS resulting in the identification of 154 components, accounting for 97.9% of the total oil. The major constituents were germacrene D (50.8%), β-caryophyllene (9.1%), α-humulene (5.5%) and (Z,E)-α-farnesene (5.2%). Terpenoids (93.6%) constituted the main fraction of the oil with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (81.6%) as the most abundant compound class.'),(1377,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700232','Volatile Constituents of<i>Micromeria persica</i>Boiss.,<i>Hymenocrater platystegius</i>Rech. f. and<i>Scutellaria pinnatifida</i>A. Hamilt. subsp.<i>pinnatifida</i>, Three Labiatae Herbs Growing Wild in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700232',17,'https://openalex.org/W1978220006','Abstract Water-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of Micromeria persica Boiss., leaves and stems of Hymenocrater platystegius Rech. f., which are endemic to Iran, and the aerial parts of Scutellaria pinnatifida A. Hamilt. subsp. pinnatifida were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four components representing 96.1% of the oil of M. persica were identified of which linalool (15.2%), α-pinene (15.0%) and (E)-nerolidol (13.8%) were found to be the major constituents. Seventeen compounds representing 91.7% of the leaf oil and 10 compounds representing 90.7% of the stem oil of H. platystegius were identified. Both oils were rich in α-pinene (16.7% and 18.6%, respectively) and spathulenol (17.1% and 17.9%, respectively). The other main component of the leaf oil was 1,8-cineole (12.9%), and of the stem oil, cis-calamenene (11.2%). Methyl chavicol (81.9%) was the main component among the 11 constituents characterized in the oil of S. pinnatifida representing 100% of the total components detected.'),(1378,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700233','Essential Oil Profiles of Different Parts of Palmarosa (<i>Cymbopogon martinii</i>(Roxb.) Wats. var.<i>motia</i>Burk.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700233',40,'https://openalex.org/W1998300336','Abstract Essential oils distilled from whole herb, leaf lamina, leaf sheath and inflorescence of palmarosa plants cultivated in south India were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Inflorescence (2.00%) and leaf lamina (1.40%) produced significantly higher oil yield than whole herb (0.75%) and leaf sheath (0.33%). Palmarosa stem did not produce oil. Seventeen constituents accounting for 95.6â97.1% of the oils were identified. (E)-β-Ocimene (1.2â4.3%), linalool (0.8â2.0%), geraniol (70.1â85.3%), geranyl acetate (4.3â14.8%) and (E,Z)-farnesol (1.6â3.4%) were the major components. Whole herb oil was richer in linalool, β-caryophyllene and (E,Z)-farnesol. Leaf lamina and leaf sheath oils were richer in geraniol. Inflorescence oil was richer in (E)-β-ocimene and geranyl acetate. To the best of the authors\' knowledge, this is the first report on the oil profiles of leaf lamina and leaf sheath of palmarosa.'),(1379,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700234','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil From<i>Eupatorium adenophorum</i>Spreng','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700234',22,'https://openalex.org/W1963607786','Abstract The GC and GC/MS analysis of the essential oils from the aerial parts of Eupatorium adenophorum collected from different localities of Kumaun and Garhwal revealed the dominant presence of amorph-4-en-7-ol (5.8â17.7%), bornyl acetate (7.6â15.9%), p-cymene (0.1â16.6%), 3-acetoxyamorpha-4,7(11)-dien-8-one (0.3â16.3%), α-phellandrene (1.5â9.6%), camphene (â¶0.1â8.9%), α-bisabolol (1.7â7.8%), α-cadinol (0.6â6.2%) and amorph-4,7(11)-dien-8-one (3.2â5.7%). Amorphene derivatives (19.8â41.4%) may be considered as characteristic constituents of E. adenophorum. Key Word Index: Eupatorium adenophorum Asteraceaeessential oil compositionamorph-4-en-7-olamorph-4,7(11)-dien-8-one'),(1380,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700238','Essential Oil Composition of Six<i>Lomatium</i>Species Attractive to Indra Swallowtail Butterfly (<i>Papilio indra</i>): Principal Component Analysis Against Essential Oil Composition of<i>Lomatium dissectum</i>var.<i>multifidum</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700238',9,'https://openalex.org/W2067556841','Abstract The essential oil compositions of the upper parts of six Lomatium species, Lomatium brandegei, Lomatium eastwoodiae, Lomatium graveolens, Lomatium howelii, Lomatium junceum and Lomatium parryi, were determined by comparing the reported GC, GC/MS data of the oil components as well as by comparing the GC/MS retention times and the mass spectra of several other components with authentic samples. The Indra swallowtail Butterfly has been observed to lay eggs on these Lomatium species. A principal component analysis of the essential oil composition of the six species against the essential oil of Lomatium dissectum var. multifidum, a non-Indra swallowtail Butterfly host, was conducted.'),(1381,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700239','The Essential Oils of Some Australian<i>Cassytha</i>Species (Lauraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700239',6,'https://openalex.org/W2085281329','Abstract The essential oils of three Australian species of the genus Cassytha have been investigated using GC and GC/MS. Cassytha filiformis produced an oil that was sesquiterpenoid in nature, with bicyclogermacrene (12â26%), spathulenol (27â36%) and β-caryophyllene (5â10%) being the principal components. Cassytha pubescens appeared to exist in several chemical types. A Principal Components Analysis of the oils appeared to indicate that there were three chemical types present in the 13 collections. The first variety contained (E)-nerolidol (26.7%) and β-caryophyllene (23.5%) as major components. The second chemical variety of this species showed elevated levels of α-copaene (4â6%), moderate amounts of β-caryophyllene (8â14%), caryophyllene oxide (3â17%) and bicyclogermacrene (2â9%), and high levels of spathulenol (27â32%). The third variety was more variable and contained significant amounts of spathulenol (4â21%), bicyclogermacrene (2â40%), β-caryophyllene (1â31%), and aromadendrene (0.7â10%). The principal component of C. capillaris oil was spathulenol (31%). The oil yields, in all species, were 0.1% or less.'),(1382,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700240','Composition of the Essential Oil From Leaves and Fruits of<i>Margyricarpus pinnatus</i>(Lam.) O. Kuntze Grown in Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700240',3,'https://openalex.org/W1973374650','Abstract The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits of Margyricarpus pinnatus (Lam.) O. Kuntze was analyzed by GC and combined GC/MS. One hundred-fifteen constituents were identified which constitute more than 95% and 99% of the leaf oil and fruit oil, respectively. The major compounds in the leaf oil were limonene (57.8%) and α-pinene (9.7%), whereas sabinene (24.2%), limonene (9.1%) and pinocarvone (9.7%) were higher in the fruit oil.'),(1383,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700241','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Potentilla grandiflora</i>L. From Western Alpine Pastures','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700241',5,'https://openalex.org/W1988446878','Abstract Potentilla grandiflora L. (Rosaceae) is a widely distributed species occurring in many important Western Alpine pastures exploited in typical niche cheese production system. This paper reports the results of an experiment that aimed to characterize the essential oil composition of P. grandiflora in order to find potential chemical markers for traceability of dairy products. GC-FID and GC/MS analyses of the oils obtained by steam distillation of fresh plant material allowed the detection of 55 compounds, totaling 114.16 µg/g fresh weight. This amount was comparable to other species occurring in Alpine pastures, for example Alchemilla alpina. Alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes were the most abundant chemical classes. α-terpineol was the most abundant compound with the amount of 23.2 µg/g fresh weight and 20.3% of essential oil. Thus, volatile composition of P. grandiflora might contribute to the characterization of Alpine pastures VOCs profile, and many compounds occurring in its essential oil could be directly transferred from vegetation to milk, assuming the role of plant biomarkers of derived dairy products.'),(1384,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700242','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil From<i>Fimbristylis falcata</i>(Vahl) Kunth','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700242',1,'https://openalex.org/W2004706311','Abstract Essential oil from the rhizomes of Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth colleted from the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand was obtained by steam distillation. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil was composed of more than 40 constituents; 33 among these were identified. Camphor (4.2%), cyperene (3.8 %), thymol (3.6%), spathulenol (4.4%), dehydroabietal (24.5%) and dehydroabietol (4.9%) were found as the major constituents of the oil.'),(1385,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700243','Preliminary Examination of the Composition of the Essential Oil From the Roots and Rhizomes of<i>Valeriana alpestris</i>Stev. Growing in Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700243',3,'https://openalex.org/W2042657951','Abstract The volatile constituents from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana alpestris Stev., obtained from Van, Turkey, were investigated by GC and GC/MS analysis. The oil yield of the plant material was 0.2% (v/w) on a dry weight basis. From the oil 82 components (34.1%) of the total oil could be identified. Hexadecanoic acid (12%), decadienal (3.3%), thymol (1.9%), γ-terpinene (1.7%), and dimethoxybenzene (1.7%) were the main components.'),(1386,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700244','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil of<i>Hypericum cordatum</i>(Vell. Conc.) N. Robson (Hypericaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700244',7,'https://openalex.org/W2059788940','Abstract The volatile constituents of the fresh materials of Hypericum cordatum were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaves produced 0.04% of a yellowish essential oil and the flowers did not. The main components of the oil were myrcene (40.18%), α-pinene (16.40%), and limonene (12%). The antibacterial activities of the oil against Saccharomyces aureus and Escherichia coli and the anti-fungal activities of the oil against the fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum were evaluated. The oil showed an antibacterial activity against the bacteria S. aureus and anti-fungal activity against the two fungi.'),(1387,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700245','Composition and Anti-mycobacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of<i>Feroniella lucida</i>(Scheff.) Swing','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700245',4,'https://openalex.org/W1976061702','Abstract The essential oil from the Feroniella lucida leaves, which was obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. β-caryophyllene (26.6%), dodecanal (18.5%), decanal (16.4%) and decyl acetate (13.3%) were the major components. The oil displayed weak anti-mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at IC50 100 µg/mL. Key Word Index: Feroniella lucida Rutaceaecompositionβ-caryophyllenedodecanaldecanaldecyl acetateessential oilantibacterial activity'),(1388,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700246','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of<i>Salvia amplexicaulis</i>Lam. Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700246',9,'https://openalex.org/W2063310253','Abstract The chemical analysis of the Salvia amplexicaulis Lam. herb essential oil was performed using GC-FID and GC/MS. Fifty-one compounds (90.2% of the total oil) were identified. The oil was characterized by a high amount of sesquiterpenes (81.1%), with germacrene D (14.8%), viridiflorol (10.6%), caryophyllene oxide (10.5%), and β-caryophyllene (9.4%) being the main components. The microbial growth inhibitory properties of the oil was determined against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, St. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and a yeast Candida albicans. The best inhibitory effect was detected against M. luteus followed by the effects against St. epidermidis, St. aureus and C. albicans. Tested Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant than Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans.'),(1389,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700247','Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils From the Aerial Parts and Flowers of<i>Thymus hirtus</i>W. Growing in Tunisia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700247',9,'https://openalex.org/W2054351877','Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from fresh flowers and aerial parts of Thymus hirtus Willd was analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Forty-six components were identified in the oil of each organ. Camphor occurred as the major constituent of the aerial part oil, while α-pinene was the most notably dominating compound in the flower oil. Biological activities of the indicated oils were evaluated against eight bacteria, nine phytopathogenic, and 15 human pathogenic fungi.'),(1390,'10.1080/10412905.2009.9700248','Anti-tuberculosis Activity of<i>Daucus littoralis</i>Sibth. et Sm. (Apiaceae) From Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2009,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2009.9700248',12,'https://openalex.org/W2053248417','Abstract In the course of screening for anti-mycobacterial activity, the authors detected significant activity in the essential oil of Daucus littoralis Sibth. et Sm. Composition of the oil was characterized by gas chromatographic (GC) and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analyses. The genus Daucus (Apiaceae) is represented in Turkey by six species, one being endemic, D. conchiteae W. Greuter. Daucus carota L. is a well-known species whose roots are used as food and whose fruit oil is used in perfumery (7,8). Air-dried aerial parts of D. littoralis were subjected to water distillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oil yield was 0.2% on dry weight basis. The main compound in the oil was found as cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (46.8%). The aim of this study was to determine new potent anti-mycobacterial compounds for the treatment of tuberculosis.'),(1391,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700252','Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Otostegia michauxii</i>Briq. From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700252',7,'https://openalex.org/W2009807529','Abstract The essential oil of Otostegia michauxii Briq. growing wild in the Fars province of Iran was obtained by hydrodistallation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS techniques. Forty-five components representing 97.9% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were dillapiole (23.9%), 2-methylbenzofuran (12.9%) and α-pinene (8.1%).'),(1392,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700253','Analysis of Linalool Content in the Inflorescence (Flower) Essential Oil and Leaf Oil of<i>Lippia alba</i>Cultivar âKavachâ','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700253',7,'https://openalex.org/W1977531607','Abstract Lippia alba cultivar âKavachâ is an aromatic, multi-branched, trailing, deep-rooted shrub that can be planted on slopes to control soil erosion. Cuttings of this genotype were planted on the edges of field plots developed by depositing agricultural soil on the rocky terrain of Aravalli mountain range land on which the Institute is located in New Delhi. Shoots harvested several times a year in the third, fourth and fifth year from planting were sampled for leaves and flowers bearing Inflorescences to determine their biomass yield. The Inflorescences and leaves sampled from the harvests of third year were analyzed by GC and GC/MS for their oil quality. Altogether 55 compounds were identified in leaf and Inflorescence oils; a set of 47 compounds made up 96.3% of the leaf oil and 46 compounds made up 97.0% of Inflorescence oil. The concentrations of linalool and 1,8-cineole were 67.7% and 6.4% in the leaf oil, whereas these were 79.3% and 5.2%, respectively, in Inflorescence oil. The Inflorescence oil also contained cis- and trans-linalool oxides (2.8%). The importance of the flower oil of L. alba cultivar âKavachâ as a linalool-rich oil resource is discussed in terms of traditional sources of such oil and unique features of the cultivar.'),(1393,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700254','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Atalantia roxburghiana</i>Hook f.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700254',1,'https://openalex.org/W2092038873','Abstract The essential oil obtained from the branches and leaves of Atalantia roxburghiana Hook f. (Rutaceae) has been analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three components of the essential oil, representing 98.6% of the total amount of the oil, were identified. The main constituents were monoterpene hydrocarbons: γ-terpinene (38.3%), p-cymene (15.7-%), β-pinene (5.2%) and α-pinene (4.7%). A comparison between constituents of the branch and leaf oil with the ones reported in the literature for other Atalantia ssp. is pointed out and some chemotaxonomical considerations have been provided.'),(1394,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700255','Identification of the Volatile Compounds of Leaf Oil of<i>Anacardium humile</i>(Anacardiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700255',6,'https://openalex.org/W2061099950','The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five compounds were identified in the leaf oil. The major constituents in the leaf oil were α-bulnesene (8.6%), γ-cadinene (7.5%), selinα-3,7(11)-diene (6.7%), α-himachalene (6.1%) and cyperene (5.0%).'),(1395,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700256','Changes in Essential Oil Composition of Tunisian<i>Myrtus communis</i>var.<i>italica</i>L. During Its Vegetative Cycle','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700256',12,'https://openalex.org/W2083211453','Abstract Myrtus communis var. italica leaves, fruits and stems were gathered from North Tunisia in order to investigate their essential oils during a one-year vegetative cycle by GC-FID and GC/MS. The yield and composition of myrtle oils were found to depend on the organ type and on the harvest period. The oil yield varied from 0.14â0.61% for the leaves, 0.003â0.11% for the fruits, and 0.001â0.06% for the stems. Forty-eight compounds were identified in leaf oils; α-pinene (28.3â58.0%), 1,8-cineole (12.7â30.7%), linalool (2.4â21.5%) and limonene (0.1â13.3%) were the main components. In the fruit oils, 46 compounds were identified with 1,8-cineole (7.3â44.9%), geranyl acetate (1.8â20.5%), linalool (0.7â18.9%) and α-pinene (1.2â12.6%) being the main compounds. Only 40 components were identified in stem oils, which were rich in 1,8-cineole (21.0â52.4%), linalool (3.1â18.4%) and α-pinene (1.5â16.1%).'),(1396,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700257','The Volatile Constituents From the Leaves, Bark and Fruits of<i>Bursera aromatica</i>(Proctor) Found in Jamaica','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700257',3,'https://openalex.org/W2049059874','Abstract The essential oil from the leaves, bark and fruits of Bursera aromatica (Burseraceae) collected from the Cockpit Country region of Jamaica were obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.03%, 0.09% and 1.12% (w/w) yields, respectively, and were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Thirty-eight constituents of the leaf oil (92.1%), 26 constituents of the bark oil (96.5%), and 27 constituents of the fruit oil (93.5%) were identified. The predominant compounds were nonane (14.7%, 5.2% and 23.7%), α-copaene (15.8%, 23.7% and 14.0%), β-caryophyllene (21.7%, 12.8% and 6.8%), δ-cadinene (11.3%, 21.5% and 4.3%) and viridiflorol (5.9%, 11.8% and 7.9%) in the oils from the leaves, bark and fruits, respectively. In addition to the components listed above, β-pinene (7.0%) and limonene (8.0%) were also among the major components of the fruit oil. Key Word Index: Bursera aromatica Burseraceaeessential oil compositionnonaneα-copaeneβ-caryophylleneδ-cadineneviridiflorol'),(1397,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700258','The Leaf Essential Oils of<i>Juniperus communis</i>L. Varieties in North America and the NMR and MS Data for Isoabienol','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700258',22,'https://openalex.org/W2038544842','Abstract This is first report on the composition of the leaf essential oils of J. communis L. varieties from the Western Hemisphere. The oil of Juniperus communis var. jackii had the most distinct oil and contained moderate amounts of α-pinene (16.1â18.9%), δ-3-carene (17.9â28.4%) and β-phellandrene (9.2â13.4%) along with several diterpenes including isoabienol. Juniperus communis var. charlottensis oil had a very high concentration of α-pinene (59.3%), with moderate amounts of β-pinene (5.9%), δ-3-carene (3.6%) and β-phellandrene (2.9%). The oil of J. communis var. depressa was dominated by α-pinene (53.9%), δ-carene (9.3%) and β-pinene (5.5%) and was a little unusual in also containing citronellol, citronellyl acetate, neryl acetate and geranyl acetate with no diterpenes. The oil of J. com-munis var. megistocarpa possessed large amounts of α-pinene (58.5%), limonene (20.4%) and β-pinene (5.0%) and, like J. communis var. depressa, its oil also contained citronellol, citronellyl acetate, neryl acetate and geranyl acetate. Putative J. communis var. saxatilis from Idaho, USA, had a high concentration of α-pinene (56.5%) with moderate amounts of δ-carene (11.5%), β-pinene (5.4%), myrcene (4.5%) and β-phellandrene (3.1%). The oils of these North American varieties were compared to J. communis var. communis (Sweden) and J. communis var. saxatilis (Switzerland). A survey of approximately 65 species of Juniperus revealed that isoabienol was present in eight species. X-ray, MS and 13C-NMR were used to determine the structure of isoabienol (I) and KI and a mass spectrum is presented to aid future Identification.'),(1398,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700259','Salinity Impact on Growth, Essential Oil Content and Composition of Coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>L.) Stems and Leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700259',16,'https://openalex.org/W2025751361','Abstract The influence of salt stress on vegetative growth, essential oil content, and composition of Tunisian coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in hydroponic culture was investigated. The volatile constituents of stems and leaves were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seedlings were treated with different levels of salt stress (25 mM, 50 mM and 75 mM NaCl). Results showed that the stem and leaf biomasses were not affected under 25 mM NaCl, compared to the control, although it decreased significantly at 50 mM and 75 mM. Essential oil content was 1762.64 μ/g DW (0.18%) and 1255.77 μ/g DW (0.12%) in stems and leaves, respectively. At low and moderate stress, a significant difference in the essential oil content was developed between stems, with a significant decrease, and leaves, with an increase up to 43%. Under high salinity, the oil content of both organs decreased significantly. The major volatile compound of stems and leaves was (E)-2-decenal with 24% and 52%, respectively. Other important components were decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal, dodecanal, (E)-2-undecenal, (E)-2-tridecenal and (E)-2-undecanal. Further, the content of these compounds were affected differently by the treatment level and by the organ type.'),(1399,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700260','Yield and Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Ocimum selloi</i>Benth. Cultivated Under Colored Netting','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700260',29,'https://openalex.org/W2091944654','Abstract The objective of the present work was to determine the effects of colored shading on the density of glandular and tectorial trichomes, and on the yield, productivity and composition of the essential oil of Ocimum selloi Benth. Plants were cultivated for 90 days under full sunlight or under ChromatiNet 50% red or blue netting. The highest density of glandular trichomes was observed in plants that had received full sunlight. None of the light treatments ailtered the yield of oil, although productivity was higher in plants grown under full sunlight by virtue of the greater leaf biomass that accumulated under such conditions. The compositions of the oils varied according to the quality of light. Although the qualitative profiles of the oils of plants grown under full sunlight or red shading were similar, that obtained from plants grown under blue shading presented a larger number of constituents. The highest level of methyl chavicol (93.2%), the major component of the oil, was observed in plants grown under full sunlight.'),(1400,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700261','Essential Oil Composition of Three Balkan<i>Micromeria</i>Species','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700261',6,'https://openalex.org/W1982991590','Abstract The composition of the essential oil of aerial parts of Micromeria kosaninii Šilic, Micromeria parviflora (Vis.) Re-incheb. and Micromeria juliana (L.) Benth. ex Reich was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One hundred and twenty-four compounds were identiified in M. kossaninii oil, 143 in M. parviflora oil, and 111 in M. juliana oil, accounting for more than 96.0%, 97.5% and 97.9% of the total oils, respectively. Sixty-three compounds were common for all three oils. The major constituents of both M. kosaninii and M. juliana oils were borneol (8.2% and 9.3%, respectively), isomeric verbenols (11.7% and 8.7%) and furanoid linalool oxides (9.8% and 6.5%). The oil of M. parviflora was marked by a high content of the main constituent spathulenol (29.9%).'),(1401,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700263','Essential Oil Variation in<i>Thymus daenensis</i>subsp.<i>daenensis</i>Cleak Populations','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700263',23,'https://openalex.org/W2001226585','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils in 11 populations of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis Cleak was evaluated using GC and GC/MS. Carvacrol, thymol and geraniol were found as the main constituents in the oils of the tested populations. Variation of the oils in populations was subjected to cluster analysis and three different chemotypes including carvacrol (47.3â80.1%), thymol (53.1â72.2%) and geraniol (65.6â75.7%) were identiified. Other important components were β-caryophyllene (1.7â9%), p-cymene (0.1â10.9%) and γ-terpinene (0.1â7.8%). Although Thymus is known as having high thymol content in its oil, it is revealed that T. daenensis subsp. daenensis has also a high potential for carvacrol and geraniol constituents in the oil.'),(1402,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700264','Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oils of<i>Alpinia zerumbet</i>(Pers.) Burtt et Smith and<i>A. purpurata</i>(Vieill) K. Schum. From Rio de Janeiro, Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700264',32,'https://openalex.org/W2047777572','Abstract Firesh leaves of Alpinia zerumbet and A. purpurata (Zingiberaceae) were collected in Rio de Janeiro city and subjected to hydrodistillation; their chemical composition was analyzed by GC/MS. These species are used as ornamental plants and in folk medicine. Variations in the leaf oils content and composition of A. zerumbet were found between April and August 2005. In April, the main constituents identiified in leaf oil of A. zerumbet were terpinen-7-al (40.5%) and sabinene hydrate (15.4%); in August, the major components identiified were terpinen-4-ol (29.4%) and 1,8-cineole (23.1%). Leaf oil of A. purpurata was rich in P-pinene (34.7%) and α-pinene (11.8%).'),(1403,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700265','Composition of the Essential Oils of Subspecies of<i>Scutellaria albida</i>L. From Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700265',20,'https://openalex.org/W2037027784','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from subspecies of Scutellaria albida L. (Lamiaceae): S. albida L. subsp. albida, S. albida L. subsp. colchica (Rech.f.) J.R.Edm., S. albida L. subsp. condensata (Rech.f.) J.R.Edm., and S. albida L. subsp. velenovskyi (Rech.f.) Greuter et Burdet from Turkey were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), simultaneously. Linalool (20% and 29%) was identified as major component in the oils of S. albida subsp. albida and S. albida subsp. condensata oil, respectively. In the oil of S. albida subsp. colchica, hexadecanoic acid (13%) was found as major component. β-Caryophyllene (20%) was the main component of the oil of S. albida subsp. velenovskyi.'),(1404,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700266','Camphor in Commercial and Potentially Commercial Oils of<i>Eucalyptus</i>Species and Other Myrtaceae','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700266',2,'https://openalex.org/W2044416565','Abstract Analysis of a variety of Eucalyptus species shows that the concentration of camphor typically lies below 60 ppm; for commonly traded oils, this figure can be halved. These values are at odds with the current British and European Pharmacopoeia values of up to 0.1% (1000 ppm).'),(1405,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700267','Chemical Composition of Essential Oils From Bark and Leaves of Individual Trees of<i>Ravensara aromatica</i>Sonnerat','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700267',8,'https://openalex.org/W2078136831','The chemical composition of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves and bark (taken individually, tree by tree) of Ravensara aromatica Sonnerat of Madagascar was investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results were treated by principal component analysis. Four chemotypes highlighted about leaves in an earlier work were confirmed: chemotype 1 (> 90% methyl chavicol), chemotype 2 (72â80% methyl eugenol), chemotype 3 (25â28% α-terpinene) and chemotype 4 (25â34% sabinene). The chemical composition of R. aromatica bark is in all cases characterized by a high amount of methyl chavicol (83â98%), whatever the chemotype. One can conclude that the bark oil of R. aromatica corresponds to the oil described previously under the name âoil of R anisata.â'),(1406,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700268','Comparison of Essential Oils Compositions of<i>Citrus maxima</i>Merr. Peel Obtained by Cold Press and Vacuum Stream Distillation Methods and of Its Peel and Flower Extract Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Method and Their Antimicrobial Activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700268',36,'https://openalex.org/W2020861871','Abstract The oils and extracts of the fruit peels of pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr. cultivar \'khao-yai\') were obtained by cold-pressing (CP), vacuum steam distillation (VSD) and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) and the extract of the flowers was obtained by SC-CO2. The composition of the oils and extracts of the peel and flower were determined by GC and GC/MS. Fifty, 53 and 60 components of the oils and extract from peels by CP, VD and SC-CO2 were identified, respectively. Their main components were limonene (93.4â95.4%). Fifty-one components of the flower extract were identified and the main component was also limonene (86.2â86.8%). The oils and extract of pomelo showed fairly good activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Key Word Index: Citrus maxima Citrus grandis Rutaceaeessential oil compositionlimoneneantimicrobial activity'),(1407,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700269','Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Spearmint (<i>Mentha spicata</i>L.) From Pakistan','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700269',124,'https://openalex.org/W1986172463','Abstract Chemical composition, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil isolated from aerial parts of Mentha spicata L. (spearmint) were investigated. The oil content was found to be 1.2%. A total of 19 chemical constituents were identified in the spearmint oil using GC and GC/MS. The main components were carvone (51.7%) and cis-carveol (24.3%), followed by limonene (5.3%), 1,8 cineol (4.0%), cis-dihydrocarvone (2.2%), carvyl acetate (2.1%) and cis-sabinene hydrate (1.0%). The investigated oil exhibited good antioxidant activity as assessed by DPPH free radical-scavenging ability, bleaching β-carotene in linoleic acid system, and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. Antimicrobial activity of spearmint oil and its major components (cis-carveol and carvone) was followed by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays against four strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasturella multocida and five pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Mucor mucedo, Fusarium solani, Botryodiplodia theobromae, and Rhizopus solani. All the tested microorganisms were strongly affected indicating an appreciable antimicrobial potential of spearmint oil.'),(1408,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700270','Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of<i>Alpinia nutans</i>Rosc.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700270',12,'https://openalex.org/W2002904439','Abstract The essential oils of the aerial parts and flowers of Alpinia nutans Rosc. were analyzed by GC and GC/M S. Oil from aerial parts was rich in monoterpenoids (85.7%) with sabinene (27.8%), 1,8-cineole (17.4%), terpinen-4-ol (14.9%), p-cymene (5.2%), γ-terpinene (5.1%), cis-sabinene hydrate (1.3%) and linalool (3.3%) as the major components identified, and with β-caryophyllene (3.9%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.3%) as sesquiterpenoids. Terpinen-4-ol (25.1%), γ-terpinene (19.4%), sabinene (14.2%), 1,8-cineole (10.8%), linalool (1.6%) and caryophyllene oxide (1.0%) were the major components characterized in the flower oil. The oils were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging ability, chelation of Fe+2, and reducing power activities. Further, these oils were also examined for their antimicrobial activities against Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica enterica, Shigella flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. The aerial parts oil was found to be more active than the flower oil in all the cases.'),(1409,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700271','Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of<i>Micromeria thymifolia</i>(Scop.) Fritsch.,<i>M. dalmatica</i>Benth., and<i>Satureja cuneifolia</i>Ten. and Its Secretory Elements','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700271',22,'https://openalex.org/W2080244329','Abstract Light yellowish, pleasant-smelling essential oils were obtained in 0.3%, 1.3%, and 0.8% yields from the aerial parts of S. cuneifolia Ten., M. thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch., and M. dalmatica Benth, respectively. Thirty-four compounds were identified in the oil of M. dalmatica representing 98.7% of total oil composition, while in the oil of M. thymifolia, 21 were identified representing 78.2% of total oil composition. The major compounds in the oil of M. thymifolia included pulegone (50.4%), piperitenone (10.3%) and piperitenone oxide (4.3%), while the oil of M. dalmatica was rich in pulegone (26.7%), piperitenone (21.8%) and piperitenone oxide (25.4%). Fifty-five compounds were characterized in the oil of S. cuneifolia, representing 92.1% of total oil composition. Linalool (19.9%) and α-pinene (12.3%) were found to be the dominant compounds. Antimicrobial activity was noticed in all examined oils with MIC values ranging from 5.6â54 μg/mL. The most active was the oil of S. cuneifolia, which completely inhibited the growth of mostly all tested microorganisms at the lowest supplied concentration. Glandular trichomes (both peltate and capitate) and nonglandular, uniseriate, simple hairs were distributed on abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaves, calyces and stem in all examined species.'),(1410,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700275','Essential Oils From Myrtaceae Species of the Brazilian Southeastern Maritime Forest (Restinga)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700275',34,'https://openalex.org/W2050164193','Abstract The leaf oils from five Myrtaceae species growing in the restinga forest of Carapebus, on the southeastern Brazilian coast, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. Eugenia punicifolia oil contained only sesquiterpenes, with predominance of β-elemene (22.1%) followed by β-caryophyllene (8.5%) and components of the selinane (24.8%) and cadinane (14.0%) skeletal-types. Eugenia sulcata oil had the highest content of monoterpenes, among which α-pinene (12.2%), β-pinene (10.8%) and 1,8-cineole (19.6%) predominated. This profile was completed with 23.5% of caryophyllane and humulane derivatives. α-Pinene also appeared significantly (18.8%) in Eugenia rotundifolia, followed by small amounts of α-terpineol (4.4), while limonene (4.7%) and 1,8-cineole (6.8%) were the main monoterpenes in Myrciaria floribunda. The chemical profile of Neomitranthes obscura was also dominated by selinane-type sesquiterpenes: α-cadinene (23.4%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (13.9%), β-selinene (8.5%) and α-selinene (5.5%), followed by traces of pinenes, limonene and 1,8-cineole (2.4%). Total cyclic sesquiterpene alcohols, esters and epoxides decreased from 55.5% in E. rotundifolia to 8.6% in M. floribunda. However, the latter species contained 26.9% of (E)-nerolidol in the oil composition. Traces of ketones (up to 3.1%) are present in E. punicifolia, N. obscura and M. floribunda.'),(1411,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700278','Laboratory Evaluations of<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>(L.) Merr. et Perry Essential Oil Against<i>Varroa destructor</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700278',38,'https://openalex.org/W2065150344','Abstract The oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the foral bottom of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. et Perry was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eugenol was the main constituent in the oil (86.7%). The biological activity of the oil applied to Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera was evaluated in two laboratory tests. Mite lethality was estimated using a complete exposure method test with the oil at different concentrations, and a systemic administration method of oil at different concentrations diluted in syrup was placed in feeders for bees. The LC50 for complete exposure method at 24 h was 0.59 μL/dish. The inferior and superior limits obtained were 0.47 x 10â6 μL/dish and 1.22 μL/dish, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease as compared to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection (LC50 of A. mellifera/LC50 of V. destructor) for complete exposure method was 26.46 and 13.35 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Regarding the systemic administration method, mites LC50 at 24 h was 12,300 ppm. The inferior and superior limits calculated were 9,214 ppm and 15,178 ppm, respectively. LC50 estimated at 48 h showed a slight decrease as compared to that recorded at 24 h. Ratio selection for systemic administration method was 3.05 and 2.22 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Syzygium aromaticum oil was found to be an attractant for V. destructor at 4.8% (w/w) concentration. The results showed that oil toxicity against V. destructor differed depending upon its administration. Nevertheless, the ratio selection calculated by this oil is expected to enable its application under field conditions with a good safety margin. This oil could also be used in combination with other oils in integrated pest management strategies in bee colonies.'),(1412,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700280','Composition of the Volatile Oils of<i>Artemisia armenica</i>Lan. and<i>Artemisia splendens</i>Willd. From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700280',14,'https://openalex.org/W2049782829','Abstract The hydrodistilled oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia armeniaca and Artemisia splendens have been analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. The main components of A. armeniaca were α-pinene (41.9%) and 1,8-cineole (20.6%) followed by spathulenol (6.7%) and limonene (5.6%). 1,8-cineole(14.5%), germacrene D (14.3%), α-pinene (11.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (11.3%) were found to be the major constituents of A. splendens. Key Word Index: Artemisia armeniaca Artemisia splendens Compositaeessential oil compositionα-pinene1,8-cineoledavanonegermacrene Dbicyclogermacrene'),(1413,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700283','Composition of the Essential Oil From the Leaves and Fruits of<i>Morella pubescens</i>(Humb.et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Wilbur Grown in Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700283',3,'https://openalex.org/W2047852915','Abstract The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits of Morella pubescens (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd.) Wilbur was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Major compounds in both oils were germacrene B (30.9â34.1%), selina-3,7(11)-diene (17.4â17.8%) and δ-cadinene (14.7â16.8%).'),(1414,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700284','Essential Oils From Wild and Micropropagated Plants of<i>Origanum minutiflorum</i>O. Schwarz et Davis','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700284',11,'https://openalex.org/W2025919740','Abstract Water-distilled essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum, an endemic species in Turkey was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Carvacrol (78.6%), p-cymene (7.7%) and γ-terpinene (2.2%) were identified as major constituents. The oil of micropropagated O. minutiflorum was also investigated and the results were compared with those from wild plants. Phytochemical studies of the plants indicated that in vitro propagation method increased the phenolic monoterpene (carvacrol) content, with a similar profile of other constituents.'),(1415,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700288','Seasonal Variation in Essential Oils of<i>Lychnophora pinaster</i>Mart.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700288',8,'https://openalex.org/W1980136282','Abstract The hydrodistilled essential oil from aerial parts of Lychnophora pinaster Mart. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Plants were collected at 3-month intervals in a completely randomized design with six repetitions and the data was analyzed at the level of 5% of probability by Tukey\'s test. There was a significant difference for oil contents in the different seasons. The lowest oil content was obtained in the summer (about 50% inferior to the other seasons). Methyl (E)-cinnamate was obtained as the major compound (86â90%) of the 14 identified components. Key Word Index: Lychnophora pinaster Asteraceaeessential oil compositionseasonal variationmethyl (E)-cinnamate'),(1416,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700290','Chemical Analysis of Volatile Constituents of<i>Berula erecta</i>(Hudson) Coville subsp.<i>erecta</i>(Apiaceae) From Serbia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700290',23,'https://openalex.org/W2020792987','Abstract The essential oil of Berula erecta (Apiaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One hundred and twenty-five components identified accounted for 96.2% of the total oil. The oil was characterized by the presence of (Z)-falcarinol (21.5%), β-sesquiphellandrene (17.2%), β-caryophyllene (14.9%) and γ-terpinene (14.8%). Terpenoids (66.2%) constituted the main fraction of the oil, with monoterpene (19.3%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (39.2%) as the most abundant compound class.'),(1417,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700294','Comparison of the Essential Oils From Fruits and Roots of<i>Prangos denticulata</i>Fisch. et Mey. Growing in Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700294',23,'https://openalex.org/W2039490588','Abstract Water-distilled essential oils of the fruits and roots of Prangos denticulata Fisch. et Mey. were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The fruit oil yielded 121 components representing 95.2% of the oil; the root oil yielded 70 components representing 88.1% of the oil. The major constituents of the oils were determined as sabinene (26.1%) and p-cymene (19.7%) for the fruit and δ-3-carene (49.3%) and (Z)-3,5-nonadiyne-7-ene (20.4%) for the root.'),(1418,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700296','Essential Oil of<i>Eugenia uniflora</i>L.: an Industrial Perfumery Approach','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700296',23,'https://openalex.org/W2086027553','Abstract The chemical composition and safety evaluation of Eugenia uniflora L. leaf essential oil, obtained by industrial steam distillation equipment was described. A comparison between these and the laboratory data from literature was made. Some comments on important issues about the obtainment of an essential oil in industrial perfumery were made.'),(1419,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700298','Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Fungicidal Activities of Leaf Oil of<i>Plectranthus amboinicus</i>(Lour.) Spreng.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700298',27,'https://openalex.org/W2160366994','Abstract Essential oil was isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus by hydrodistillation and analyzed using both gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ten components were characterized representing 94.0% of the total components detected. The major constituents were: thymol (64.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), γ-terpinene (9.9%) and β-caryophyllene (2.8%). The leaf oil demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Aeromonas caviae as well as moderate fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger.'),(1420,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700299','Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Tanacetum macrophyllum</i>(Waldst. et Kit.) Schultz. Bip.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700299',11,'https://openalex.org/W2092058839','Abstract The essential oil of Tanacetum macrophyllum growing wild in Turkey was obtained by hydrodistillation, and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was tested against six bacteria and two yeasts including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by disc diffusion method. Further the oil of this plant was analyzed by GC and GC/MS technique. Best effect of the oil was against pseudomonas earuginosa. Twenty-eight components, representing 95.6% of the total oil, were identified. The main component of the oil was β-eudesmol (89.5%). The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Key Word Index: Tanacetum macrophyllum essential oil componentsantimicrobial activityantioxidant activity'),(1421,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700303','Volatile Constituents of Aerial Parts of<i>Teucrium scordium</i>L. From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700303',7,'https://openalex.org/W1984122418','Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of Teucrium scordium L. (Lamiaceae), one endemic species growing in Iran was analyzed via GC and GC/MS. Forty components representing about 94.6% of the oil were identified. Pulegone (39.1%) and β-ryophyllene (20.1%) were the main constituents. Additionally, other major compounds were β-farnesene (5.7%), menthofuran (4.2%), 1,8 cineole (4.1%) and α-humulene (3.1%). In this oil, the main classes of compounds were found to be oxygenated monoterpenes (54.5%) followed by hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (28.9%).'),(1422,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700304','Extraction of<i>Melaleuca cajuputi</i>Using Supercritic Fluid Extraction and Solvent Extraction','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700304',9,'https://openalex.org/W1970701736','Abstract Extracts of Melaleuca cajuputi were obtained by supercritical (carbon dioxide) extraction and solvent (hexane) extraction methods. This work is aimed at adapting the green technology of using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) as solvent in a batch process to extract Melaleuca cajuputi leaves. The plant leaves were collected from Trengganu, Malaysia. Cajuputi extract analyses were performed by GC and GC/MS. The maximum yields obtained were 4.2% and 6.0%, respectively, by supercritical fluid (SFE) and solvent extraction (SE). Several compounds were identified and significant qualitative and quantitative differences were observed under different conditions. The major components of Cajuputi oil consisted of sesquiterpenes (δ-elemene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, 9-epi-β-caryophyllene), their oxygenated derivatives (viridiflorol, platyphyllol, β-eudesmol, bulnesol, (Z,Z)-farnesol and (E,E)-farnesal) and polyphenolic ketones (isoeugenitine and three unknown compounds).'),(1423,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700305','Seasonal Variations of<i>Teucrium flavum</i>L. Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700305',11,'https://openalex.org/W2019403734','Abstract Essential oils from the aerial parts of Sicilian Teucrium flavum L., isolated by using microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MHD), were analyzed for the first time at various seasonal stages (vegetative and budding stage) by means of GC/MS and GC-FID; the flowers and fruits were also subjected to examination. More than 80 compounds were identified as oil components. The leaf, flower and fruit oils were characterized by a predominance of sesquiterpenes, such as β-ryophyllene (3â5 g/100 g), germacrene D (4â14 g/100 g), β-bisabolene (32â49 g/100 g); the total amount of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons contained in each oil was 56â70 g/100 g, the oxygenated derivatives were in the range of 9â20 g/100 g. The monoterpene hydrocarbons in all samples (leaves, flowers, fruits) were contained in very low amounts, from 0.2 to 1.6 g/100 g, and were the least representative fraction of the oils. Oxygenated aliphatic compounds, especially esters, were also detected. The results can be useful to support, by means of a safe reliable sample preparation (MHD) and analytical (GC) technique, the research on medicinal plants belonging to Mediterranean flora.'),(1424,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700306','Combined Analysis of<i>Angelica acutiloba</i>Kitagawa Seed Oil by GC(RI), GC/MS and<sup>13</sup>C-NMR','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700306',3,'https://openalex.org/W2022272051','Abstract The seed oil of Angelica acutiloba Kit. was submitted, after fractionation over silica gel, to a combined analysis by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR. The composition was dominated by non terpenic acyclic alcohols and acetates, and phthalides. The main constituents were dodecyl acetate (33.0%), (Z)-ligustilide (17.4%), dodecanol (7.1%), p-cymene (6.4%), γ-terpinene (5.9%) and tetradecyl acetate (5.0%). Key Word Index: Angelica acutiloba Umbelliferaeessential oil compositiondodecyl acetate(Z)-ligustilide3-(Z)-butylidene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-cis-6,7-dihydroxyphtalide.'),(1425,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700308','Volatile Constituents of<i>Centaurea paniculata</i>Subsp.<i>carueliana</i>and<i>C. rupestris</i>s.l. (Asteraceae) From Mt. Ferrato (Tuscany, Italy)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700308',13,'https://openalex.org/W2034892383','Abstract The essential oil composition of two endemic species of Centaurea, C. paniculata subsp. carueliana and C. rupestris (Asteraceae) collected on serpentine rocks on Mt. Ferrato (Tuscany, Italy) were investigated by GC and GC/MS. Several classes of compounds were detected, of which sesquiterpenes, (representing the 25.6% of the total oil from C. paniculata and 74.5% from C. rupestris), alcohols (27.8% in C. paniculata and 4.3% in C. rupestris) and aldehydes (12.0% C. paniculata and 2.0% in C. rupestris) were the most abundant, followed by acids, monoterpenes, esters, ketones, hydrocarbons, diterpenes and miscellaneous. A series of unidentifed compounds were also detected. Differences in qualitative and quantitative composition were evidenced and discussed.'),(1426,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700309','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil From<i>Solidago puberula</i>Nutt. Growing Wild in the North of Quebec','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700309',2,'https://openalex.org/W1976808698','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of downy goldenrod (Solidago puberula Nutt.) growing wild in the north of Quebec (Canada) was investigated for the frist time. The oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The main components were myrcene (53.0%), α-farnesene (10.7%), α-pinene (9.4%), (E)-β-ocimene (6.0%), and α-phellandrene (5.7%).'),(1427,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700310','Volatile Compounds of Seeds of<i>Hesperis bicuspidata, H. bottae</i>and<i>H. podocarpa</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700310',5,'https://openalex.org/W1975675945','Abstract The volatiles obtained by microdistillation from the crushed seeds of Hesperis bicuspidata (Willd.) Poir., H. bottae Fourn. and H. podocarpa Boiss. (Apiaceae), were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) systems, simultaneously. The major constituent was found as octyl acetate (44%, 29% and 42%) in the volatiles of H. bicuspidata, H. bottae, H. podocarpa, respectively.'),(1428,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700314','Volatile Constituents of the Aerial Parts of<i>Salvia apiana</i>Jepson','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700314',8,'https://openalex.org/W2022346015','Abstract Volatile constituents of the aerial parts of fresh white sage (Salvia apiana Jepson) were isolated by extraction with diethyl ether followed by high vacuum distillation with a solvent assisted favor evaporation (SAFE) apparatus. The isolated volatiles were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 84 constituents were identifed (constituting 95.1% of the total area), 11 of which were tentatively identifed. The volatiles were characterized by a high content of hydrocarbon and oxygenated monoterpenes. The major constituents identifed were 1,8-cineole (34.5%), camphor (21.7%), β-pinene (7.4%), α-pinene (6.4%), δ-3-carene (6.4%), camphene (3.9%), limonene (3.5%), myrcene (3.2%), and terpinolene (1.3%). Key Word Index: Salvia apiana white sageLamiaceaeessential oil composition1,8-cineolecamphor1,3,5-undecatriene isomers1,3,5,8-undecatetraene isomers.'),(1429,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700315','Composition of<i>Tordylium aegyptiacum</i>(L.) Lam. Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700315',8,'https://openalex.org/W1994630772','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fruits of Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Lam. (syn.: Hasselquistia aegyptiaca L.) (Umbelliferae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In total, 59 compounds were characterized, representing 93.9% of the oil. The main constituents were determined as hexadecanoic acid (40.1%), β-caryophyllene (10.6%), octyl octanoate (8.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (8.5%).'),(1430,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700319','Essential Oil Composition of the Endemic Species<i>Thamnosciadium junceum</i>(Sm.) Hartvig','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700319',1,'https://openalex.org/W2003347024','Abstract The essential oil of the aerial parts of the endemic Greek species Thamnosciadium junceum was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Seventy-one compounds representing 98.9% of the total oil were identifed. The major constituents were limonene (33.5%), (E)-isomyristicin (15.4%) and terpinolene (9.0%).'),(1431,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700327','Determination of the essential oil from root and aerial parts of<i>Artemisia dracunculus</i>L. cultivated in central Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700327',10,'https://openalex.org/W1975854150','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Artemisia dracunculus root and aerial parts cultivated in central Iran, were analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three components of the root oil were identified. The most prominent components were acenaphthene (67.5%) and 2,4-pentadiynyl-benzene (22.2%). The analysis of aerial parts revealed the presence of sixteen compounds identified in the oil; major constituents were methyl chavicol (76.6%), (E)-beta-ocimene (11.0%), (Z)-β-ocimene (6.9%) and limonene (2.5%).'),(1432,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700328','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Phlomis bracteosa</i>Royle ex Benth.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700328',4,'https://openalex.org/W2088847964','Abstract The essential oil isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex Benth., collected from the Pindari glacier area (Phurkiya) at 3000â3200 m height of the Himalayas was analyzed by a combination of GC, GC/MS and 1H- and 13C-NMR. Thirty-four compounds representing 88.9% of the oil were identified. The major constituents were germacrene D (34.3%), sabinene (6.2%), germacrene D-4-ol (4.9%), linalool (4.8%) and α-bulnesene (3.5%). The oil showed a high content of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons.'),(1433,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700329','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Ducrosia assadii</i>Alava. from Kerman Province in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700329',12,'https://openalex.org/W2001701190','Abstract Essential oils from three collections of Ducrosia assadii Alava. were obtained by a commercial-scale hydrodistillation. The oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization (GC/FID) and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection. Sixty-one components were identified in the first oil of D. assadii from Lalehzar with decanal (74.0%), dodecanal (7.2 %) and α-pinene (4.0%) as the main constituents. Fifty components were identified in a second oil of D. assadii from Lalehzar with decanal (35.2%), nonadecane (12%) and citronellyl acetate (11.6%) as the main constituents. The oil from Dehbakrii also contained decanal (36.4%) as the main component of an oil recovered from the distillate water. The results showed that the amount of decanal is remarkably high in the oils of D. assadii.'),(1434,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700330','Leaf Oil of<i>Campomanesia sessiliflora</i>O. Berg','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700330',6,'https://openalex.org/W2048426217','Abstract The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Campomanesia sessiliflora (Myrtaceae) collected in the Mato Grosso do Sul in the vegetative stage was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine components were identified in the leaf oil. The major constituents in the leaf oil were bicyclogermacrene (22.4%), spathulenol (15.9%) and germacrene D (14.6%).'),(1435,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700334','Essential oil composition of two species of<i>Phlomis</i>L. (<i>Phlomis aucheri</i>Boiss. and<i>Phlomis elliptica</i>Benth.) (Lamiaceae) from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700334',8,'https://openalex.org/W2011239514','Abstract The essential oils of Phlomis aucheri and Phlomis elliptica have been investigated by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine compounds of Ph. aucheri and fifty-eight of Ph. elliptica representing 91.2% and 90.1% of the oil samples were identified, respectively. Caryophyllene-type compounds comprised 63.8% of the oil of Ph. aucheri and the main constituents of this oil were caryophyllene oxide (33.5%), β-caryophyllene (27.0%) and β-selinene (10.2%), while for Ph. elliptica, the dominant structures were aliphatic hydrocarbons with hexadecanoic acid (19.1%), linoleic acid (10.2%) and β-selinene (9.9%) as the predominant compounds. Key Word Index: Phlomis aucheri Phlomis elliptica Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllenecaryophyllene oxideβ-selinenehexadecanoic acidlinoleic acid'),(1436,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700337','Composition of the Essential Oils of<i>Calamintha sylvatica</i>Bromf. subsp.<i>sylvatica</i>and<i>Calamintha sylvatica</i>Bromf. subsp.<i>ascendens</i>(Jordan) P.W. Ball','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700337',5,'https://openalex.org/W2080869826','Abstract The essential oils obtained by micro-distillation from aerial parts of Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. subsp. sylvatica (A) and and Calamintha sylvatica Bromf. subsp. ascendens (Jordan) P.W. Ball (B) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Cis-piperitone oxide (45.7%), terpinen-4-ol (8.6%), piperitenone oxide (5.5%) and trans-piperitone oxide (5.2%) were detected as main constituents in sample A; cis-piperitone oxide (21.8%), limonene (15.7%), piperitenone oxide (10.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.0 %) were found as main constituents in sample B.'),(1437,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700340','Root Essential Oil of<i>Achillea lingulata</i>Waldst. &amp; Kit. (Asteraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700340',10,'https://openalex.org/W1994179477','Abstract The volatile constituents of the underground parts of Achillea lingulata Waldst. & Kit. obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. One-hundred-twenty constituents identified accounted for 94.1% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were: neryl tiglate (16.2%), Ï-cadinol (12.2%), neryl isovalerate (9.7%) and cubenol (8.9%). The terpenoid fraction represented ca. 90% of the oil (28.8% monoterpenoids, with monoterpene esters making up 27.8%, 60.4% sesquiterpenoids and 0.2% diterpenoids). Key Word Index: Achillea lingulata Asteraceaeessential oil compositionneryl tiglateÏ-cadinolneryl isovaleratecubenol cis-cadin-4-en-7-olα-isocomene'),(1438,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700347','Headspace Solvent Microextraction of Volatile Components of<i>Thymus daenensis</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700347',18,'https://openalex.org/W1990960084','Abstract A headspace solvent microextraction (HSME) method for extraction of volatile components of aerial parts of Thymus daenensis subsp. daenensis plant into a microdrop is described. A comparison was made between the results obtained by HSME and a conventional hydrodistillation method. From 36 volatile components found in the hydrodistillated extract, 20 were identified and quantified in the HSME extract. The major components for both isolates were geraniol (34.9â37.2%), geranyl acetate (15.3â18.7%), geranial (9.0â11.2%), nerol (6.4â8.3%) and neral (7.1â9.3%).'),(1439,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700348','Composition of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Fruits of<i>Salvia palaefolia</i>Kunth Grown in Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700348',4,'https://openalex.org/W2058943372','Abstract The composition of the essential oils from leaves of Salvia palaefolia Kunth was analyzed by GC and combined GC/MS. Fifty compounds were identified which constitute more than 84% of the composition. Major compounds in the oil were β-caryophyllene (32.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (31.6%). Key Word Index: Salvia palaefolia Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllenecaryophyllene oxide'),(1440,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700349','Composition of the Essential Oil from Leaves of<i>Tagetes zipaquinensis</i>Hump. et Bonpl. Grown in Colombia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700349',0,'https://openalex.org/W2027579924','Abstract The composition of the essential oil from leaves of Tagetes zipaquinensis Hump. et Bonpl. was analyzed by GC and combined GC/MS. Sixty-three constituents were identified which constitute 97% of the total composition. Major compounds in the leaf oil were dihydro-tagetone (55.8%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (18.8%).'),(1441,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700351','An Examination of the Essential Oils of Tasmanian<i>Kunzea ambigua</i>, Other<i>Kunzea</i>spp. and Commercial Kunzea Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700351',9,'https://openalex.org/W2019562139','Abstract Commercial kunzea oil (Ducane kunzea oil) was analyzed by gC/MS and gC-FID and its composition was compared with that of oils from four individual Kunzea ambigua plants and five other Kunzea spp. A total of 64 components were detected in the studied oils. Ducane kunzea oil contained monoterpenes (70%) including α-pinene (48.3%), 1,8-cineole (14.5%) and α-terpineol (1.9%). Oils from individual K. ambigua plants varied significantly in their content of α-pinene (0.6â62.5%), 1,8-cineole (0â11.2%), bicyclogermacrene (0.4â14%), spathulenol (0.5â12.2%), globulol (0.5â22.6%) and viridilflorol (0.3â38%). The oils from fve other Kunzea spp. had significant compositional differences from each K. ambigua oil. Kunzea sp. âBadja Carpetâ had a high β-pinene content (56.1%), K. muelleri contained significant levels of allo-aromadendrene (8.0%), spathulenol (7.0%) and, among all the analyzed oils, it had the highest level of bicyclogermacrene (15.7%). Kunzea affinis contained significant levels of p-cymene (26.2%) and γ-terpinene (12.2%). Kunzea parvifolia gave an oil rich in γ-terpinene (36.5%) and p-cymene (5.0%).'),(1442,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700354','Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of<i>Ajuga austro-iranica</i>Rech. f. (Lamiaceae) from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700354',8,'https://openalex.org/W2060253588','The essential oil of Ajuga austro-iranica Rech. f. growing wild in the Fars province of Iran was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine components representing 91.5% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were trans-verbenol (7.0%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%), 6,10,14,-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (6.5%), myrtenol (6.3%), 1-octen-3-ol (6.2%) and β-pinene (6.1%). Pinene type monoterpenes were dominant by constituting 30.5% of the total oil.'),(1443,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700355','Intraspecific Variation of<i>Tanacetum larvatum</i>Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700355',1,'https://openalex.org/W2094446848','Abstract The essential oil from aerial parts of Tanacetum larvatum (gris.) Kanitz, an endemic perennial herb collected at three various natural habitats in Montenegro (Planinica [Sample a ], Visitor [Sample b ] and Sinjajevina [Sample c ]), were analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four components were identified, representing 83.1%, 96.6% and 89.4% of the total oils content in the Samples a, b and c , respectively. The major constituent in Samples a and b , was oxygenated monoterpene, trans-sabinyl acetate (38.1% and 55.8% respectively). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, β-pinene (13.5%) and santolinatriene (30.6%), were found to be the dominant components in Sample c . The toxic trans-sabinyl acetate was present only in traces in this sample. trans-Chrysanthenyl acetate, as one of major components in feverfew essential oil, has not been previously identified in the investigated essential oils.'),(1444,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700359','Temperature Influences Thymol and Carvacrol Differentially in<i>Origanum</i>spp. (Lamiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700359',42,'https://openalex.org/W2046030745','Abstract The composition of secondary metabolites is often modified by environment and ontogenesis. To explicitly study the Influence of temperature on essential oil compositions, experiments on a hybrid of Origanum vulgare x Origanum majorana (containing both major monoterpene pathways of the genus Origanum, âsabinylâ and âcymylâ-pathway) and on Origanum syriacum ssp. syriacum (only âcymylâ-pathway) were conducted in growth chambers. Clonally propagated plants were grown at three different temperature levels and the solvent extracts analyzed by GC/MS for their composition of essential oil compounds. The major âsabinylâ compound cis-sabinene hydrate was not influenced by temperature, while temperature significantly influenced thymol and carvacrol and other essential oil compounds. Although thymol and carvacrol are closely related monoterpene phenols, they reacted to varying levels of temperature in an opposite way. Thymol increased with decreasing temperatures while carvacrol increased with increasing temperatures.'),(1445,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700367','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Teucrium multicaule</i>Montbret Et Aucher Ex Bentham from Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700367',6,'https://openalex.org/W2063604126','Abstract The oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Teucrium multicaule Montbret Et Aucher Ex Bentham from Turkey was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-six compounds were characterized, representing 90.0% of the total components detected. The major constituents were identified as germacrene D (13.2%), caryophyllene oxide (10.9%), spathulenol (6.6%), β-caryophyllene (5.6%), and (6Z,10Z)-pseudo phytol (4.1%). Key Word Index: Teucrium multicaule Lamiaceaeessential oilcompositiongermacrene Dcaryophyllene oxidespathulenolβ-caryophyllene'),(1446,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700369','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils Obtained from the Leaves, Fruits and Stems of<i>Salvia verbenaca</i>L. from the Northeast Region of Tunisia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700369',16,'https://openalex.org/W2127545902','Abstract The variation in essential oil composition of Salvia verbenaca L. fruits, stems and leaves was determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yields were 0.003%, 0.01% and 0.06% in the leaves, stems and fruits, respectively (dwt). Sixty-three components were identified in the fruit oil with β-caryophyllene (23.1%), caryophyllene oxide (15.9%), camphene (6.5%), α-humulene (5.6%) and viridiflorol (4.3%) as the most abundant components and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons were the predominant class (35.1%). Forty-four constituents were detected in the stem oil which was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (26.5%). Camphor (10.9%) and viridiflorol (10.3%) were found as the main constituents. In contrast to the other oils, the leaf oil was characterized by the occurrence of labdane type diterpenes (24.7%) in high amounts with epi-13-manool (13.7%) and manool (11.0%) as main compounds.'),(1447,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700376','Composition of Essential Oils from<i>Satureja darwinii</i>(Benth.) Briq. and<i>S. multiflora</i>(R. et P.) Briq. (Lamiaceae). Relationship Between Chemotype and Oil Yield in<i>Satureja</i>spp.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700376',16,'https://openalex.org/W2095739532','Abstract Air-dried aerial parts of Satureja darwinii (Benth.) Briq. and Satureja multiflora (R. et P.) Briq. (Lamiaceae) collected in Chile at full flowering stage were hydrodistilled. The yields of essential oils were 0.68% and 0.57% v/w, respectively. GC-FID and GC/MS analyses showed that the major constituents of the oils were piperitenone (57.8%) and isomenthone (83.1%) in S. darwinii and S. parvifolia, respectively. These results are compared with others reported for the genus Satureja.'),(1448,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700380','Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of<i>Ferulago confusa</i>Velen','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700380',26,'https://openalex.org/W2039193864','Water-distilled essential oil from the crushed fruits of Ferulago confusa Velen, collected from Bursa: Keles-Orhaneli in Turkey, was analyzed by GC and CC/MS. Ninety-one components were identified representing 99.5% of the oil. Cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (37.7%) and a-pinene (36.7%) were characterized as the main constituents.'),(1449,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700381','Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Sour Guava (<i>Psidium guineense</i>Swartz) Fruit','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700381',12,'https://openalex.org/W2129676191','Abstract Volatile compounds from sour guava (Psidium guineense Swartz) fruit were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and simultaneous distillation-solvent extraction (SDE), and identified by GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 181 compounds were reported for the first time in this fruit, 119 and 163 compounds were identified as headspace volatiles and fruit volatiles, respectively. Ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, β-caryophyllene and selin-11 -en-4α-ol were the major compounds. Esters (69.5%) and terpenes (60.8%) were the major classes of compounds found in the headspace volatiles and fruit volatiles.'),(1450,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700384','A Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition of the Leaves and Fruits Deriving the Essential Oil of<i>Hyptis suaveolens</i>(L.) Poit. from Benin','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700384',5,'https://openalex.org/W2027008589','Abstract The steam-distilled essential oils from fresh leaves and fruits of wild Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. were obtained with a very low percentage and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-five compounds were identified. The main components of the oils were β-caryophyllene (43.7%), trans-α-bergamotene (6.3%), caryophyllene oxide (4.4%), 6-hydroxycarvotanacetone (4.4%), bicyclogermacrene (4.2%), (Z)-trans-α-bergamotol (3.9%), terpinen-4-ol (3.5%). Key Word Index: Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllene trans-α-bergamotene'),(1451,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700385','Chemical Composition of Five Essential Oils of<i>Eucalyptus</i>Species from Mali:<i>E. houseana</i>F.V. Fitzg. ex Maiden,<i>E. citriodora</i>Hook.,<i>E. raveretiana</i>F. Muell.,<i>E. robusta</i>Smith and<i>E. urophylla</i>S.T. Blake','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700385',7,'https://openalex.org/W1985059373','Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils isolated from leaves of Eucalyptus houseana, E. citriodora, E. raveretiana, E. robusta and E. urophylla collected at N\'Débougou (Mali) was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Sixty-seven compounds were identified. The main constituents were α-pinene (1.3â23.9%), p-cymene (0.3â30.6%), 1,8-cineole (12.3â32.1%), γ-terpinene (0.2â22.3%) and citronellal, present only in E. citriodora (76.3%).'),(1452,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700386','Chemical Composition of Algerian<i>Artemisia herba-alba</i>Essential Oils Isolated by Microwave and Hydrodistillation','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700386',26,'https://openalex.org/W2068145470','Abstract Isolation of the essential oil from Artemisia herba-alba collected in the North Sahara desert has been conducted by hydrodistillation (HD) and a microwave distillation process (MD). The chemical composition of the two oils was investigated by GC and GC/MS. In total, 94 constituents were identified. The main components were camphor (49.3 and 48.1% in HD and MD oils, respectively), 1,8-cineole (13.4â12.4%), borneol (7.3â7.1%), pinocarvone (5.6â5.5%), camphene (4.9â4.5%) and chrysanthenone (3.2â3.3%). In comparison with HD, MD allows one to obtain an oil in a very short time, with similar yields, comparable qualities and a substantial savings of energy.'),(1453,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700387','Volatiles from the Leaves of<i>Carum graecum</i>Boiss. et Heldr. subsp.<i>graecum</i>(Apiaceae) from Serbia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700387',4,'https://openalex.org/W2137755419','Abstract The essential oil from fresh leaves of Carum graecum subsp. graecum obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-five constituents identified accounted for 96.9% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were: dill apiole (29.0%), germacrene D (17.0%), β-selinene (11.8%), germacrene B (7.7%) and α-selinene (4.7%). Volatile sesquiterpenes constituted the major fraction of the oil (56.9%). The high content of dill apiole and its rather restricted natural occurrence within the genus Carum seems to differentiate C. graecum and C. nigrum from other Carum taxa.'),(1454,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700391','Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oil of<i>Chaerophyllum macropodum</i>Boiss. From Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700391',3,'https://openalex.org/W1974900700','Abstract The hydrodistilled oil of the leaf of Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighteen constituents representing (99.3%) of the oil were identified of which (E)-β-ocimene (24.9%), myristicin (15.7%), terpinolene (14.5%), and α-fenchyl acetate (13.9%) were major components.'),(1455,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700394','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Acacia nilotica</i>Linn., and<i>Acacia albida</i>Delile (Leguminosae) from Nigeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700394',16,'https://openalex.org/W1988805659','Abstract The compositions of essential oils obtained from the stem barks of two Acacia species namely Acacia nilotica L., and Acacia albida Delile., of the Leguminosae family are reported. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed for their constituents by means of GC-FID and GC/MS. Of the 36 compounds of A. nilotica, menthol (34.9%) and limonene (15.3%) were the two quantitatively significant constituents. α-Pinene (18.6%) was the only abundant compound among the 37 constituents of A. albida oil. The results differed considerably from previous data on the oil constituents of some previously studied Acacia species.'),(1456,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700396','Chemical Composition of the Leaf Oil of<i>Plectranthus neochilus</i>Schltr.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700396',14,'https://openalex.org/W2076960617','Abstract The composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Plectranthus neochilus was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil of P. neochilus predominantly comprised monoterpenoids (77.5%) of which citronellol (29.0%), citronellyl formate (11.0%), linalool (9.8%) and isomethone (9.2%) were the major constituents. Furthermore, citronellyl propionate (3.4%) was the main sesquiterpene identified in the oil Key Word Index: Plectranthus neochilus Lamiaceaeessential oil compositioncitronellolcitronellyl formate'),(1457,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700398','Chemical Differences in the Essential Oil of<i>Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus</i>(Gomes) L. R. Landrum Leaves from Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700398',8,'https://openalex.org/W2063020216','Abstract The essential oils from Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus leaves collected in two Brazilian geographic localities at different flowering stages were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A high oil yield (0.8%) was obtained in post-anthesis and pre-anthesis periods of specimens from Brasília. The majority constituents found at the Brasília sampling site were methyl eugenol (18.1%, post-anthesis; 4.1%, anthesis; 3.1%, pre-anthesis) and (E)-methyl isoeugenol (78.0%; 93.5%; 93.6%), while samples from São Gonçalo do Abaeté revealed neral (21.4%, post-anthesis; 33.6%, pre-anthesis) and geranial (36.5% and 47.2% respectively) as principal constituents. The two specimens drastically differed in terms of the chemical composition of their essential oils.'),(1458,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700400','Analyses of the Headspace Volatile Constituents of Aerial Parts (leaves and stems), Flowers and Fruits of<i>Bidens gardneri</i>Bak. and<i>Bidens sulphurea</i>(Cav.) Sch.Bip. Using Solid-Phase Microextraction','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700400',12,'https://openalex.org/W1975225671','Abstract The present study describes the volatile composition of aerial parts (leaves and stems), flowers and fruits from Bidens gardneri and Bidens sulphurea. The first species is widely distributed in Pantanal (Brazil) and is a traditional medicinal plant, while the second species is widely distributed throughout Brazil. In all analyses, observed were constituents like bicycloelemene, α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene and others. However, some compounds were identified only in one part of the plants analyzed. These results indicated some differences in the composition of the plants studied and they were in agreement with data of literature.'),(1459,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700403','Terpenoid Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from<i>Salvia nubicola</i>Wall ex Sweet.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700403',6,'https://openalex.org/W2037924441','Abstract The essential oil of Salvia nubicola Wall ex Sweet. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-four compounds were identified, constituting 94.0% of the oil. The oil was found rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (73.3%). Germacrene D (46.2%) was the principal constituent. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes constituted 12.3% of the oil. The oil showed activity against tested bacterial and fungal strains used, and which was found comparable with the standard antibiotics (Ampicillin, Erythromycin and Clotrimazole) used for comparison.'),(1460,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700406','Terpenoid Compositions and Enantio-differentiation of Linalool and Sclareol in<i>Salvia sclarea</i>L. from Three Different Climatic Regions in India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700406',6,'https://openalex.org/W2097192933','Abstract Salvia sclarea L. essential oil samples collected from three different climatic regions viz., Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in India have been analyzed by capillary GC, enantio-GC and GC/MS. Linalool (23.6%), α-terpineol (3.8%), linalyl acetate (51.2%), β-caryophyllene (3.2%), germacrene D (1.3%) and sclareol (1.3%) were recorded in the oil S. sclarea cultivated in Lucknow UP while the Kashmir oil sample possessed the highest percentage of linalyl acetate (60.8%) and lowest linalool (14.5%) along with α-terpineol (1.8%), geranyl acetate (2.2%), β-caryophyllene (1.9%), germacrene D (2.6%) and sclareol (1.3%) as the other minor constituents. In contrast, the oil of S. sclarea from Purara in Uttarakhand showed highest percentage of linalool (29.8%), α-terpineol (5.3%) and sclareol (2.3%) and the lowest linalyl acetate (45.7%) among all the three samples. Further, high enantiomeric ratios ranged 76.8â79.5% for 3R-(-)-linalool and 78.8â99% for (-)-sclareol were determined on BETA DEX 110 capillary column. Key Word Index: Salvia sclarea Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionlinalyl acetatelinaloolenantiomeric distribution'),(1461,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700411','Essential Oil Composition of the Different Parts of<i>Pimpinella barbata</i>(DC.) Boiss. in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700411',9,'https://openalex.org/W1986205320','Abstract Essential oils from the whole aerial parts of Pimpinella barbata (at vegetative stage), stem/leaf, inflorescence (flowering stage), and unripe and ripe seeds (seeding stages) were isolated individually by hydrodistillation. The oil yields of the aerial parts, stem/leaf, inflorescence, and unripe and ripe seeds oils were 0.67%, 0.42%, 1.29%, 2.05% and 1.71% w/w, respectively. The oils of P. barbata were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Limonene was the major constituent in all of oils (14.9%, 24.3%, 46.9%, 45.3% and 63.6%, respectively). Pregeijerene (32.7% in aerial parts oil), γ-muurolene (28.2% in stem/leaf oil) and methyl eugenol (18.7% in unripe seed oil) were the other major constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was determined by use of the disk diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Yersinia entrocolitica, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) and yeast (Candida albicans). Results showed no significant antimicrobial activity in essential oil of P. barbata. Key Word Index: Pimpinella barbata Apiaceaeessential oil compositionlimonenepregeijerenemethyl eugenolγ-muuroleneelemicin(E)-foeniculinantimicrobial activity'),(1462,'10.1080/10412905.2010.9700414','Volatile Constituents of the Leaf Oils of <i>Callistemon salignus</i> from Two Provinces in South Africa','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2010,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700414',3,'https://openalex.org/W2069139982','Abstract Essential oil was isolated from the leaves of Callistemon salignus âRubraâ collected from two Provinces using hydrodistillation method. Analyses of the compound were done using GC and GC/MS. Between 16â22 compounds were identified, accounting for 90.1â98.5% of the oil samples. The characterized oil samples show a high percentage of oxygen-containing monoterpenes in all the localities. 1,8-Cineole was found to be the main component in all the samples being present in the range of 44.4â85.4%. Others prominent compounds of the oils were α-pinene (6.2â27.8%), α-terpineol (tr-6.8%) and E-(β)-ocimene (tr-6.7%). Key Word Index: Callistemon salignus âRubraâMyrtaceaeessential oil composition1,8-cineoleα-pinene'),(1463,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700422','In vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oils from<i>Origanum minutiflorum</i>and<i>Sideritis erytrantha</i>subsp.<i>erytrantha</i>on Phytopathogenic Bacteria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700422',15,'https://openalex.org/W2006143163','Abstract This study was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Origanum minutiflorum and Sideritis erytrantha, both endemic species in Turkey, against 19 plant pathogenic bacteria. Two essential oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. The major components of O. minutiflorum oil were carvacrol (73.93%) and p-cymene (7.20%). The essential oil of O. minutiflorum exhibited an extremely strong activity against tested plant pathogenic bacteria such as Agrobacterium spp., Erwinia spp., Rathayibacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., Clavibacter sp. and Curtobacterium sp., but did not show any antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for bacterial strains which were sensitive to the essential oil of O. minutiflorum and S. erytrantha subsp. erytrantha were in the rage of 125â400 µg/mL and 300â500 µg/mL, respectively. Key Word Index: Origanum minutiflorum Sideritis erytrantha subsp. erytrantha Lamiaceaeessential oilplant pathogenic bacteriaantimicrobial activity'),(1464,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700424','Antibacterial Activities of<i>Coleus Aromaticus</i>Benth (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against Oral Pathogens','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700424',11,'https://openalex.org/W2017420323','Abstract Leaf essential oil of Coleus aromaticus (Lamiaceae) from Cambodia was steam-distilled and investigated for its percentage composition and antibacterial activity against ffteen oral microflora pathogen strains. The volatile oil sample investigated in this work contained mainly thymol (57.4%), carvacrol (13.5%), γ-terpinene (5.6%), and p-cymene (5.2%). The in vitro antibacterial experiments revealed that on tested bacteria the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged 40â80 µL/Land the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 80â150 µL/L. These findings support the idea that the C. aromaticus essential oil sample tested here could be suitable for use as a natural active ingredient in natural and low-cost drugs against oral microflora.'),(1465,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700428','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves and Flowers of<i>Anvillea garcini</i>(Burm.) DC.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700428',2,'https://openalex.org/W2066583895','Abstract The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and flowers of Anvillea garcini (Burm.) DC. growing wild in the southern region of Iran (near the Persian Gulf) were investigated by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents of the leaf oil were α-pinene (16.1%), limonene (12.9%) and sabinene (12.5%). The flower oil was found to contain bornyl acetate (41.5%), camphene (12.4%) sabinene (8.3%), α-pinene (7.5%) and limonene (6.5%) as the major constituents. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging 2.5â10 mg/mL.'),(1466,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700432','Constituents of the Essential Oil from Hairy Roots and Plant Roots of<i>Arnica montana</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700432',27,'https://openalex.org/W2017034834','Abstract Essential oils of hairy roots and plant roots of Arnica montana L. were obtained by hydrodistillation with the yield of 0.60% and 0.40% of dry weight, respectively. Their constituents were identified using GC, GC/MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. Fifty-six compounds were identified in both essential oils that consisted mainly of bifunctional thymol derivatives and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. 10-Isobutyryloxy-8,9-didehydro-thymol isobutyrate and 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-didehydro thymol methyl ether were the main components of both essential oils.'),(1467,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700433','Aromatic Plants of French Polynesia. V. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils of Leaves of<i>Psidium guajava</i>L. and<i>Psidium cattleyanum</i>Sabine','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700433',27,'https://openalex.org/W2136264270','Abstract The leaf oils of Psidium guajava and Psidium catlleyanum collected in French Polynesia have been examined for the first time in Tahiti by GC and combined GC/MS. The leaf oil of P. guajava contained a mixture of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.9%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20.9%) with β-caryophyllene (18.3%) as the principal sesquiterpene hydrocarbon and selin-11-en-4a-ol (6.9%), α-cadinol (3.6%), (E)-nerolidol (3.2%) as the main oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Psidium cattleyanum produced oil that was much richer in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (48.8%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons (10.1%). The main sesquiterpenes present in the oil were β-caryophyllene (31.5%) and α-humulene (4.4%). The two oils also contained a small amount of aromatic compounds, benzaldehyde (2.4%) in P. guajava oil, and the two isomers (E)-methyl isoeugenol (0.6%) and (Z)-methyl-isoeugenol (0.1%) in P. cattleyanum oil.'),(1468,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700434','1,10β-Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophilane and Other Terpenoids from the Essential Oil of<i>Senecio royleanus</i>DC.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700434',8,'https://openalex.org/W2052766703','Abstract The composition of the essential oil from whole aerial parts, flowers, leaves and stems of Senecio royleanus collected from sub-alpine region of central Himalaya, India, has been analyzed by GC, GC/MS, NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. A total of fifty components were identified representing 95.0â97.3% of the oil. 1,10 b-Epoxy-6-oxofuranoeremophelane constituted the major component (39.4â69.2%) of the oil.'),(1469,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700435','Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from<i>Mentha spicata</i>L. subsp.<i>Spicata</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700435',37,'https://openalex.org/W2057169604','Abstract The air-dried aerial parts of M.spicata L. subsp. spicata, which were collected from eastern Turkey, were subjected to hydrodistillation and the essential oil was obtained in a yield of 3.24% (v/w). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven constituents, accounting for more than 95.3% of the total oil composition, were identified. The main compounds of the essential oil were carvone (48.4%), 1,8-cineole (21.3%), β-pinene (3.5%), β-caryophyllene (3.3%) and trans-dihydrocarvone (2.9%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was studied. It was evaluated against six microorganisms using the disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The oil showed great potential for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and moderate activities against Staphylococcus aureus.'),(1470,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700438','Leaf Oil of<i>Artemisia abrotanum</i>L. Grown in Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700438',6,'https://openalex.org/W2025202938','Abstract The chemical composition of the leaf oil of Artemisia abrotanum L. grown in Cuba was studied by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven compounds of the oil were identifed, of which trans-sabinyl acetate (33.4%) was the major component.'),(1471,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700439','Identification of Flavonoid Content and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Moroccan Herbs: Myrtle (<i>Myrtus communis</i> L.), Rockrose (<i>Cistus ladanifer</i> L.) and Montpellier cistus (<i>Cistus monspeliensis</i> L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700439',42,'https://openalex.org/W1581418132','Abstract The aim of this work was to determine the polyphenol content and chemical composition of the essential oils of some Moroccan herbs: myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), rockrose (Cistus ladanifer L.) and montpellier cistus (Cistus monspeliensis L.). The polyphenols were analyzed and identified by HPLC and the essential oils were chemically analyzed and identified by GC/MS. The principal components of myrtle leaves essential oil were 1,8-cineole (40.37%) and α-pinene (21.82%). Major oil components of myrtle berry essential oil included 1,8-cineole (46.48%) and α-pinene (24.52%). The essential oil of rockrose was characterized by a high content of 1,8-cineole (19.27%) and viridiflorol (16.38%), while the predominant compounds in montpellier cistus essential oil were 1,8-cineole (9.17%), bornyl acetate (9.14%) and α-pinene (5.84%). Myrtle berry contains small amounts of myricetin derivates (myricetin-3-O-galactoside and myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside), although anthocyanins (malvidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside) are present in large amounts. In Cistus ladanifer and Cistus monspeliensis the predominant flavonoids were 3,7â²-di-O-methyl-kaempferol and 3-O-methyl-kaempferol.'),(1472,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700440','Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Myrtus communis</i> L. Floral Buds Essential Oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700440',22,'https://openalex.org/W1761693892','Abstract The essential oil of Mytrus communis L. floral buds from Tunisia was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds were identified, representing 98.7% of the total oil. The major constituents were described as α-pinene (48.9%) and 1,8-cineole (15.3%). The antioxidant activity of the obtained essential oil was investigated by means of β-carotene bleaching (BCB) test and free radical scavenging assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Results showed that Myrtus communis L. floral buds essential oil has a significant antioxidant effect when tested by each method respectively. The strong antioxidant activity of the studied oil can be attributed to the high content in hydrocarbon monoterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes.'),(1473,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700452','Essential Oil Composition of<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>L. from Cultivated Source','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700452',11,'https://openalex.org/W1979717446','Abstract Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) is the most commercially important species within the genus Hypericum. A wild strain was cultivated at Pothiwasa (2200 m), Uttarakhand, India. Aerial parts were collected (the upper two-thirds) during the flowering phenophase and used to extract the essential oil by means of a Clevenger-type apparatus. Forty compounds constituting 91.0% of the total volatile oil were identified using GC-FID and GC/MS analysis. The major constituent of the essential oil was germacrene D (22.1%), whereas other important constituents were found to be β-caryophyllene (11.3%), α-pinene (8.6%), α-cadinol (4.4%), β-pinene (3.8%), 2-methyl-octane (3.7%), terpinen-4-ol (3.3%), caryophyllene oxide (3.3%), α-muurolol (2.9%) and spathulenol (2.8%). The chemical composition of the oil varied qualitatively and quantitatively as compared to previous investigations. The peculiarity of the oil composition from the sample investigated in this paper may be attributed to environmental factors, such as soil nutrient status and growth environment, as well as to the genetic features of the cultivated strain'),(1474,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700458','Chemical Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of<i>Eugenia argentea</i>Bedd','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700458',3,'https://openalex.org/W1984102376','Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves of Eugenia argentea was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-five constituents comprising 98.5% of the oil were identified. The leaf oil was characterized by the abundance of three major classes of sesquiterpenoids, viz. caryophyllanes, cadinanes and germacranes. β-Caryophyllene (18.0%), δ-cadinene (7.8%) and germacrene-D (7.1%) were the major constituents in the leaf oil. No monoterpenes were detected in the leaf oil'),(1475,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700462','Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Tunisian and Canadian Coriander (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>L.) Fruit','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700462',38,'https://openalex.org/W2074064015','Abstract This study was designed to examine the essential oil composition, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the essential oils and methanol extracts from two coriander fruit samples, the first from Tunisia (Tn) and the second from Canada (Can). The highest essential oil yield was observed for Can with 0.44% (w/w) and 0.37% (w/w) for Tn. Forty-five compounds were identified in the essential oils and the main compound of both samples was linalool. The total phenol contents varied between two coriander fruit samples; Can sample presented high polyphenol contents (15.16 mg GAE/g) compared with Tn one (12.10 mg GAE/g). Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among representing 0.7 mg GAE/g in Can and 0.34 mg GAE/g in Tn. The highest contents of total flavonoids were observed in Can sample with 13.2 mg CE/g Antioxidants of essential oils and methanolic extracts of these fruit samples were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and reducing power activity assays. In all tests, methanolic extracts of coriander fruits showed better antioxidant activity than essential oils. DPPH scavenging ability of methanolic extracts of two fruits was higher than that of synthetic antioxidant BHT (IC50 = 25 μg/mL). Both extracts and essential oils had lower β-carotene bleaching activity than BHA and BHT and had lower reducing power than ascorbic acid (EC50 = 40 μg/mL)'),(1476,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700464','Mono-sesquiterpenoid Composition in the Leaves and Flowers of<i>Salvia moorcroftiana</i>Wall ex Benth. Growing Wild in Kashmir, India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700464',7,'https://openalex.org/W2070071450','Abstract In this study, the mono-sesquiterpenoid composition in the leaves and flowers of Salvia moorcroftiana Wall ex Benth is tracked by probing the contents of individual mono- and sesquiterpenoids in the leaf and flower essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation using a combination of GC and GC/MS techniques. Twenty-seven components belonging to different classes of terpenoids and accounting for 94.8% of the total oil were identified in the floral part. Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented the dominant class (68%). (Z)-β-ocimene (54.5%) was the principal component along with sabinene (10.3%), and β-caryophyllene (9.9%). In the leaves only eleven components accounting for 94.4% of the total oil were identified. The leaf essential oil was almost exclusively composed of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons accounting for 87.7% of the total oil. The principal components present were β-caryophyllene (51.6%) followed by germacrene D (18.5%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1%), α-humulene (4.8%) and α-copaene (3.1%)'),(1477,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700465','Research on the Effects of Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>L.) on the Blood Lipids and Anti-lipid Peroxidation in Rats','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700465',10,'https://openalex.org/W2048362541','Abstract To study the effects of rosemary on blood lipid level and lipid peroxidation, the hyperlipidemia SD rats were randomly divided into four groups according to total cholesterol (TC) level, along with a normal control group. Four groups were separately administered rosemary essential oil, aqueous extract, and crude plant powder. Such three parts of rosemary enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and alleviated the peroxidation injury in vivo of hyperlipidemia rats. Plant powder showed better effect on decreasing blood lipids than aqueous extract and essential oil. Rosemary exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect on the increased serum TC and triglyceride (TG) levels, and an antagonistic effect on the increased lipid peroxidation level induced by high fat feedstuff, suggesting that rosemary has significant health benefits and could be explored for the prevention of hyperlipidemia diseases'),(1478,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700467','Essential Oils from the Leaves of<i>Eugenia pitanga</i>(O. Berg) Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae) of Paraguay Cultivated in Arizona','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700467',2,'https://openalex.org/W2038680288','Abstract The essential oils isolated from the fresh leaves of Eugenia pitanga cultivated in Arizona, from seed originally collected in Paraguay, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major components of the oil were (E)-β-ocimene (24.1±3.2%), germacrene D (20.8±2.4%), bicyclogermacrene (10.9±1.4%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (10.4±1.4%)'),(1479,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700469','Seasonal Variation of the Volatile Constituents from Leaves of<i>Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus</i>(Gomes)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700469',11,'https://openalex.org/W1971982388','Abstract The chemical variation of volatile constituents from leaves of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus collected bimonthly for one year from a locality in the Atlantic Rain Forest, southeastern Brazil, was determined by GC/MS. Seven com- pounds were identified and characterized, revealing a predominance of phenylpropanoids (15.4â70.9%) and variable amounts of monoterpenes (0.5â5.3%). The composition of the oil changed month by month. The best yield of oil was obtained in November, and the major component chavibetol was present in all samples (50.2â70.9%). The chavibetol content showed significant seasonal variation, with the maximum percentages of 69.1% and 70.9% measured in January and November, respectively Key Word Index: Seasonal variation Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus chavibetolessential oil'),(1480,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700472','Leaf Secretory Structure and Volatile Compounds of<i>Eugenia copacabanensis</i>Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700472',14,'https://openalex.org/W1978022776','Abstract Eugenia copacabanensis Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae) is restricted to salt marshes or restinga areas along the southeastern coast of Brazil. This work analyzes the leaf secretory structures and volatile compounds produced in E. copacabanensis plants collected in the Marambaia Restinga of Rio de Janeiro City. Simultaneous-distillation extraction (SDE), when combined with GC-FID and GC/MS analyses, revealed α-pinene (20.2%) and β-pinene (50.4%) as the major volatiles of this plant, proving that it is rich in monoterpenes. trans-Caryophyllene (10.3%) was the only sesquiterpene identified. Using light microscopy, E. copacabanensis leaves presented numerous randomly distributed oil secretory cavities in the mesophyll, while histochemical tests showed the presence of terpenoids and lipophilic substances accumulated in secretory cavities and parenchyma cells.'),(1481,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700473','Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Essential Oil from<i>Myrcia laruotteana</i>Fruits','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700473',8,'https://openalex.org/W1982700610','Abstract The essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from unripe fruits of Myrcia laruotteana Camb. (Myrtaceae) was analyzed by GC and CG/MS. Forty-four components were identified, representing around 83% of total oil. The major components were α-bisabolol (23.6%) and α-bisabolol oxide B (11.5%). The cytotoxicity of the oil and of a fraction rich in α-bisabolol was tested in vitro against U251 (glioma), UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NC1-ADR/RES (ovarian-resistant), 786.0 (kidney), NCI-H460 (lung), PC-3 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) human cancer cells and against VERO (no cancer cell). The oil exhibited antiproliferative activity against all cell lines (TGI < 100 μg/mL), with exception of NCI-H460 cell line (TGI > 125 μg/mL). The highest activity of the oil was observed against U251 (TGI 20.46 μg/mL), 786.0 (TGI 20.74 μg/mL), UACC-62 (TGI 26.98 μg/mL) and PC-3 (TGI 27.63 μg/mL) cell lines. The fraction rich in α-bisabol showed a similar activity profile. It was most active against OVCAR-3 (TGI 8.58 μg/mL) and 786.0 (TGI 8.74 μg/mL).'),(1482,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700478','Chemical Composition of Leaf Essential Oils of<i>Calyptranthes microphylla</i>B. Holts &amp; M.L.,<i>Myrcia</i>aff<i>fosteri</i>Croat and<i>Eugenia octopleura</i>Krug &amp; Urb from Panama','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700478',6,'https://openalex.org/W2009999386','Abstract The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained by hydrodistilation from leaves of Calyptranthes microphylla B. Holts & M.L., Myrcia aff fosteri Croat and Eugenia octopleura Krug & Urb, belonging to family Myrtaceae were studied by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three compounds, representing 93.5% of the total, were identified in C. microphylla, β-pinene (48.4%) and β-bisabolene (12â0%) being the major components, while the essential oils of M. aff fosteri contained 38 compounds, α-bisabolol (19.2%) and β-bisabolol oxide (19.2%) being the principal components. From the essential oil of E. octopleura 40 components, consisting principally of α-pinene (43.0%) and limonene (23.6%) were identified. The oil from Myrcia aff fosteri showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, which was comparable to chloramphenicol.'),(1483,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700479','Essential Oil from the Leaves of<i>Campomanesia guaviroba</i>(DC.) Kiaersk. (Myrtaceae): Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700479',10,'https://openalex.org/W1999732059','Abstract The essential oil from the leaves of Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk., obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixteen compounds could be identified, representing around 94% of the total oil. The major components were myrtenal (27.0%), myrtenol (24.7%) and trans-pinocarveol (15.7%). The essential oil was also evaluated for DPPH radical-scavenging activity by TLC autographic assay, antioxidant capacity by ORAC-FL assay and antiproliferative activity against leukemic cells lines.'),(1484,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700481','Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of<i>Origanum majorana</i>L. Essential Oil from the Venezuelan Andes','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700481',51,'https://openalex.org/W2008634284','Abstract Origanum majorana L. (Lamiaceae) is a plant that is used in gastronomy and natural medicine. The plant material used in this study was collected at San Isidro de Apartaderos, Mérida State. A yield of 0.6% of essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger trap. The main constituents found were: cis-sabinene hydrate (30.2%), terpinen-4-ol (28.8%), γ-terpinene (7.2%), α-terpineol (6.9%), trans-sabinene hydrate (4.4%), linalyl acetate (3.8%), and α-terpinene (3.6%). The essential oil was also fractionated over a silica gel dry column. Two main fractions were isolated, the first containing 67.6% of cis-sabinene hydrate and the second 72.8% of terpinen-4-ol. The antibacterial activity of the oil was determined using the agar diffusion method and it was found that it was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial activity of the fractions obtained by dry column chromatography was also tested. It was found that the fraction rich in cis-sabinene hydrate was more active than the one rich in terpinen-4-ol. It was concluded that in the essential oil of Origanum majorana, cis-sabinene hydrate is the more important compound responsible for inhibition of bacterial growth.'),(1485,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9700485','Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of the Leaf Essential Oil of<i>Tagetes lucida</i>Cav. from Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700485',17,'https://openalex.org/W2015172721','Abstract The leaf essential oil of Tagetes lucida Cav. (Asteraceae) from Cuba has been obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Forty volatile compounds were identified, of which estragole (96.8%) was the major constituent. The antioxidant capacity of this essential oil was measured by two different in vitro assays (DPPH and TBARS) and significant activities were evidenced. The preliminary screening of its antiplasmodial, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities was carried out against Plasmodium berghei, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Acinetobacter lwoffi, Enterobacter aerogenes and against strains HHV 1 and HHV 2. The results showed a moderate activity against P. berghei and E. coli.'),(1486,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9712274','Inhibition of Spore Development and Mycelial Growth of<i>Rhizopus stolonifer</i>by Essential Oil of<i>Satureja richingeri</i>from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9712274',4,'https://openalex.org/W2048071493','Abstract There is a great interest in the use of natural antifungal compounds for the control of fungi such as Rhizopus stolonifer in the postharvest agricultural system and food industry. In this study, the inhibitory effect of essential oil extracted from Satureja richingeri and its major compound, Carvacrol, on spore development and mycelial growth of R. stolonifer was investigated. Mycelium exhibited higher sensitivity to the oil and Carvacrol than that observed for spores. Spore treatment with oil and Carvacrol for 2 and 3 h led to a complete inhibition of spore germination, after 4 h of incubation. However, continuing the incubation to 6 h resulted in germination of 4.67% of the spores treated with the oil but no germination was detected for those treated with Carvacrol. It could be concluded that treatment with S. richingeri essential oil for 3 h would extend the shelf life of agricultural product considerably via inhibition of spore germination.'),(1487,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9712281','Variation in the Constituents of<i>Tanacetum dolichophyllum</i>(Kitam.) Kitam. from Different Locations of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9712281',7,'https://openalex.org/W2089907496','Abstract Essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of two different populations of Tanacetum dolichophyllum (Kitam.) Kitam. (syn. Tanacetum longifolium Wall.) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS in order to determine the variation of concentration in their constituents. Plant collected from Dayara meadow (Sample I) afforded cis-lanceol (11.8%), β-pinene (10.7%), (E)- β-farnesene (7.4%), α-bisabolol (7.2%), β-eudesmol (5.2%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.1%) as the major constituents, whereas in the sample collected from Tungnath (Sample II) β-eudesmol (31.4%), α-bisabolol (10.7%) were the most abundant components followed by neryl acetate (5.8%) and (E)-β-farnesene (5.7%). The composition was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygen containing sesquiterpenes (49.2â71.1%). The oils are clearly different from those of all other previously reported T. dolichophyllum oils. Key Word Index: Tanacetum dolichophyllum essential oil compositionβ-eudesmolcis-lanceolα-bisabolol'),(1488,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9712282','Determination of the Volatile Components in the Fruits and Leaves of Guava Plants (<i>Psidium guajava</i>L.) Grown on Jeju Island, South Korea','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9712282',14,'https://openalex.org/W2006633790','Abstract Volatile components in the fruits and leaves of guava plants (Psidium guajava L.) grown on Jeju Island, South Korea, were isolated by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation and then analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In total, 35 components were identified in the guava samples. Terpene hydrocarbons and C6 compounds were the most abundant components in both the fruits and leaves. α-Pinene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, β-(Z)-ocimene, and (Z)-3-hexenal were the major components in both, possibly contributing to their characteristic odor notes. Carbonyls and esters such as 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-heptanone, benzaldehyde, ethyl hexanoate, (Z)- 3-hexenyl acetate, hexyl butanoate and ethyl octanoate were only found in the fruits, whereas terpene hydrocarbons such as camphene, sabinene, eucalyptol, α-terpinolene, S-cadinene, and germacrene B were only identified in the leaves. In particular, sabinene, germacrene B, Î;-farnesene, and germacrene D were found in the leaves of guava plants cultivated on Jeju Island, although they have not been found in previous studies of the leaves of guava plants cultivated in other countries.'),(1489,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9712283','Evaluation of<i>Salvia officinalis</i>L. Essential Oil under Selenium Treatments','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9712283',13,'https://openalex.org/W2131395678','Abstract The effects of selenium treatments [0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg 1â1] on essential oil extracted from Salvia officinalis L. plants were investigated by GC and GC/MS during two successive seasons 2008 and 2009. Essential oil content (% and g plant â1) increased with various treatments of selenium compared with control. The highest essential oil percentage (0.5%) was recorded at 8 mg 1â1 selenium treatment. Greatest essential oil yields (0.1 g plantâ1) were recorded at 6 and 8 mg lâ1 selenium treatments in both seasons. Twenty-two constituents were identified in essential oil extracted from Salvia officinalis L. aerial parts, accounting for 98.6â99.9% of total constituents, and belong to eight chemical main classes. Ketones class was the major one. The major constituents of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil were α-, β-thujone and camphor which increased as selenium level increase. The highest amounts of major compounds [α-thujone (55.0%), β- thujone (12.7%) and camphor (31.8%)] resulted from 8 mg lâ1 selenium treatment. The chemical classes of essential oil such as monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes decreased in all selenium treatments compared with control. However Ketones class increased as selenium level increase. On the other hand, ethers, aldehydes and esters decreased at all selenium treatments except for 2 mg lâ1 selenium treatment were increased compared with control.'),(1490,'10.1080/10412905.2011.9712285','Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Hydrodistilled Essential Oil of Serbian<i>Ajuga chamaepitys</i>(L.) Schreber ssp.<i>chia</i>(Schreber) Arcangeli','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9712285',12,'https://openalex.org/W2084861759','Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of the Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber ssp. chia (Schreber) Arcangeli collected on Vidlic Mountain (Serbia) from two neighboring localities: normal environmental conditions (NEC) and post fire environmental conditions (PFEC) has been studied by GC and GC/MS. Thirty eight compounds were identified in NEC oil and thirty four in PFEC oil accounted 98.3 % and 98.2 % of the total oil, respectively. The major constituents of NEC and PFEC oil were: α-pinene (10.9%, 5.4%), β-pinene (22.0%, 14.8%), germacrene D (16.2%, 26.8%), germacrene B (5.9%, 13.6%) and viridiflorol (6.0%, 5.7%), respectively. The antioxidant properties of both oils were evaluated emploing electron transfer antioxidant assays: Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and reducing power asaay Fe (III) to Fe(II). Both oil samples had approximately equal and moderate activity in reducing Fe(III) to Fe(II) and Mo(VI) to Mo(V), and weak radical scavenging activity. This is the first report on the content and composition of the essential oil of A. chamaepitys ssp. chia grows in Serbia and also the first report about its antioxidant activity.'),(1491,'10.1080/10412905.2012.645636','Essential oil content and composition of<i>Achillea biebersteinii</i>Afan. in different plant parts and phenological stages','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.645636',9,'https://openalex.org/W2006519166','In this study, the essential oil content and composition of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. at different phenological stages including vegetative, floral budding, full flowering (leaves, stems and flowers) and fruit set were studied by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographyâmass spectometry (GCâMS). All oil samples from different plant parts and phenological stages were mostly made up of monoterpenoid compounds (88.6 â 99.6%), especially oxygenated ones (52.4 â 82.4%). The oil of the vegetative stage contained high amounts of limonene, 4aα-7β-7aα-nepetalactone, p-cymene and 1,8-cineole. The major constituents in the flower budding stage oil were found to be limonene, 1,8-cineole and 4aα-7β-7aα-nepetalactone. In the oil of the fruit set stage, γ-terpinene, p-cymene and cis-chrysanthenyl acetate were the predominant constituents. On the other hand, the most important compounds from the stem oil were 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, 1,8-cineole, 4aα-7β-7aα-nepetalactone and camphor. 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, limonene, 1,8-cineole and cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol were found in high concentration in the oil of leaves, whereas 4aα-7α-7aα-nepetalactone, 4aα-7β-7aα-nepetalactone, limonene and p-cymene were present in large amounts in the oil of flowers.'),(1492,'10.1080/10412905.2012.645638','Chemical composition of essential oils of two species of the Lamiaceae family:<i>Scutellaria volubilis</i>and<i>Lepechinia paniculata</i>from Loja, Ecuador','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.645638',26,'https://openalex.org/W1965473972','Scutellaria volubilis and Lepechinia paniculata belong to the Lamiaceae family of species. They are used widely in traditional medicine in Ecuador. The physical properties and chemical composition of the essential oils from the aerial part of Scutellaria volubilis in its foliation - flowering stage and Lepechinia paniculata in its flowering phase have been studied after their hydrodistillation. The components of these essential oils were investigated by means of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) techniques. Thirty-seven components were determined in the essential oil of S. volubilis. The principal constituents were found to be sesquiterpene hydrocarbons: germacrene D (20.4%), b-caryophyllene (17.5%), a-humulene (14.7%) and b-bisabolene (5.8%). Thirty-four components were identified in the essential oil of L. paniculata, the principal groups were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as aromadendrene (24.6%), viridiflorene (12.4%), b-selinene (7.4%) and valencene (6.7%). The monoterpene hydrocarbons were present in lower amounts as well as b-phellandrene (6.9%) and (7.7%). Oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes contribute below 5% in both species. This is the first report on the chemical composition of this species.© 2012 Taylor &amp; Francis.'),(1493,'10.1080/10412905.2012.646019','Effects of <i>Mentha longifolia</i> essential oil on ruminal and abomasal longitudinal smooth muscle in sheep','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.646019',21,'https://openalex.org/W2082950122','Mentha longifolia is grown commercially for production of oils and leaves. For centuries, this plant has widely been used traditionally as a folk remedy for treatment of human and ruminant gastrointestinal complaints in the Northwest of Iran. The essential oil of the plant was extracted using hydrodistillation. In the present study a total of 12 constituents, representing 96.6% of the oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main compounds were 1,8-cineole (19.8%), pulegone (17.3%), caryophyllene oxide (14.8%) and isomenthone (12.4%). The effects of 0.1 to 1000 g/mL essence of Mentha longofolia (EOML) on ruminal and abomasal smooth muscle of 24 healthy sheep were assessed in vitro. In the isolated ruminal and abomasal preparations, EOML (0.1â100 g/mL) exhibited a weak spasmogenic effect followed by relaxation and complete (p < 0.05) abolition of the spontaneous contraction at the highest dose (1000 g/mL). In contrast rat ileum only showed a dose-dependent relaxation effect, and tissues preincubated with EOML decreased the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction. EOML (1000 g/mL) significantly inhibited the effect of ACh suggesting that the effect may be mediated via cholinergic receptors on smooth muscle. These primary data indicated that the plant contained spasmogenic and spasmolitic constituents. Moreover the results showed that the EOML profoundly alters gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction in a dose-dependent and tissue-specific manner. The results suggested that EOML has the potential for development as a prokinetic and relaxant agent that may prevent or alleviate dysfunctions of gastrointestinal motility.'),(1494,'10.1080/10412905.2012.676764','<i>Artemisia arborescens</i>L.: essential oil composition and effects of plant growth stage in some genotypes from Sicily','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.676764',21,'https://openalex.org/W2026555773','Essential oils from aerial parts of several Artemisia arborescens L. populations, collected in five different localities of Sicily, were analyzed by gas chromatographâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) in order to study the chemical composition and its variability due to phenological stage. Forty-three compounds, accounting for more than 92% of the oil, were identified. Monoterpene fraction with the exception of Petru population was higher than the sesquiterpene fraction. β-Thujone (20.5â55.9%), chamazulene (15.2â49.4%), camphor (1.3â10.7%) and germacrene D (2.3â3.4%) were the main compounds. Chemical composition was influenced by phenological stage, with an increase in the monoterpene fraction at flowering stage; both in flowering and vegetative stages, the main compounds were always the oxygenated monoterpene β-thujone and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon chamazulene.'),(1495,'10.1080/10412905.2012.703475','Characteristic odor components of essential oil from<i>Caesalpinia decapetala</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.703475',9,'https://openalex.org/W2116448378','The components of the essential oil from Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (jaketsuibara) were analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Seventy-two components, representing 99.6% of the total oil were identified by GCâMS. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (17.2%), followed by β-myrcene (16.6%), (E)-β-ocimene (12.4%), limonene (10.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (9.6%). Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids accounted for about 90% of the essential oil. With regard to odor components from essential oil of C. decapetala, it was revealed that β-myrcene and β-caryophyllene affect spicy-odor of the oil, while, (Z)-β-ocimene and (E)-β-ocimene contributed to the sweet odor through gas choromatography olfactometry (GCâO) and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). On the basis of flavor dilution (FD)-factors and odor activity values (OAVs), monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids influence the aroma of this plant and participated in the characteristic odor of C. decapetala.'),(1496,'10.1080/10412905.2012.703494','Chemical composition of the essential oils of<i>Lantana camara</i>L. and<i>Lantana montevidensis</i>Briq. and their synergistic antibiotic effects on aminoglycosides','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.703494',20,'https://openalex.org/W2050333857','Recently, several plants have been evaluated not only for antimicrobial activity but also for resistance-modifying action. In this work, the chemical composition and antibacterial and antibiotic-modulatory activities of the essential oils from Lantana camara L. and Lantana montevidensis Briq. were analyzed. The essential oils extracted from the leaves by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) were characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Among the 34 constituents identified, bicyclogermacrene (19.4%), isocaryophyllene (16.7%), valencene (12.9%) and germacrene D (12.3%) were the main constituents of the oil from L. camara, while in the oil from L. montevidensis, β-caryophyllene (31.5%), germacrene D (27.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (13.9%) predominated. The essential oils were examined for antibiotic activities alone and in combination with aminoglycosides by a microdilution assay utilizing five bacterial strains. They exhibited significant antibacterial activities, mainly against Proteus vulgaris (MIC 64 μg/mL, L. camara; MIC 128 μg/mL, L. montevidensis). Both oils also showed a synergistic effect on the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Thus, the essential oils of L. camara and L. montevidensis could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying antibacterial activity.'),(1497,'10.1080/10412905.2012.744700','Essential oils from the fruits and leaves of <i>Juniperus sabina</i> possess inhibitory activity against protein glycation and oxidative stress: an <i>in vitro</i> phytochemical investigation','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.744700',13,'https://openalex.org/W2076662049','Antioxidant and anti-glycation properties of essential oils from branchlets of male (BMT) and female (BFT) trees and fruits of Juniperus sabina were investigated. Essential oils were obtained using steam distillation method and analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) method. Antioxidant effects were evaluated using low-density lipoprotein oxidation, linoleic acid peroxidation and red blood cell hemolysis assays. Overall, all tested oils possessed antioxidant properties and showed different degrees of inhibitory activity. In addition, promising effects were observed from the tested oils against hemoglobin (39.7â79.6%) and insulin (56.9â89.2%) glycation. The observed effects were not found to be dependent on the essential oil concentration. These findings provide additional evidence with respect to the biological activities of essential oils and may serve as a base for future studies to investigate the potential benefits of J.âsabina oils in the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular dis...'),(1498,'10.1080/10412905.2012.744702','Essential oils from Bolivia. XIII. Myrtaceae:<i>Blepharocalyx salicifolius</i>(Kunth.) O. Berg','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.744702',8,'https://openalex.org/W2091998022','The essential oils of two samples of Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth.) O. Berg growing wild in Bolivia were analyzed to determine their chemical composition. These samples were collected at different periods of the year and although the same products appear in the samples, the relative percentages show an important variation. Mono-oxygenated sesquiterpene molecules, among them ledol and (E)-nerolidol, are the main compounds observed in one sample. In another sample, about two-thirds of the observed compounds are monoterpenes, and more particularly β- and α-pinenes, 35% and 17%, respectively.'),(1499,'10.1080/10412905.2012.744703','Essential oil composition of<i>Myrrhis odorata</i>(L.) Scop. leaves grown in Lithuania and France','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.744703',13,'https://openalex.org/W1972260364','The chemical composition of essential oils of sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop.) leaves from two geographic areas (Lithuania and France) were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Comparatively slight differences were observed in the chemical composition of essential oils from both selected origins. The yield of essential oil varied from 0.4±0.02% in Lithuanian to 0.5±0.01% in French origin. In total twenty and twenty-six components were identified in the hydrodistilled oils of Lithuanian and French origin, respectively. The essential oils of both origins were found to be rich in E-anethole (48.1±1.4% and 50.7±1.1%), methyleugenol (14.3±0.5% and 13.1±0.4%), E-nerolidol (10.2±0.8% and 12.0±0.3%) and germacrene-D (5.0±0.1% and 4.3±0.3%).'),(1500,'10.1080/10412905.2012.747267','Comparison of microwave-assisted headspace single-drop microextraction (MA-HS-SDME) with hydrodistillation for the determination of volatile compounds from<i>Prangos uloptera</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.747267',11,'https://openalex.org/W2162746433','In this paper, a simple method based on gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) following microwave-assisted headspace single-drop microextraction (MA-HS-SDME) was developed for the determination of essential oil composition of Prangos uloptera. The MA-HS-SDME parameters including the nature of extracting solvent, microwave power, extraction time, sample weight and microdrop volume were optimized. The method was compared with traditional hydrodistillation (HD). Sixty components were extracted and identified. The main constituents, extracted by SDME and HD, respectively, included δ-3-carene (32.1% vs. 26.3%), α-pinene (16.8% vs. 15.4%) and camphene (4.1% vs. 2.7%). The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of less than 10% show that the proposed method has good repeatability and it is fast.'),(1501,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751055','Essential oils of<i>Protium spp</i>. samples from Amazonian popular markets: chemical composition, physicochemical parameters and antimicrobial activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751055',15,'https://openalex.org/W2037002791','Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Faculdade de Farmácia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.'),(1502,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751058','Chemical profiles of volatiles in four<i>Alpinia</i>species from Kerala, South India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751058',28,'https://openalex.org/W2171492884','Abstract Chemical profiles of volatile oils from four Alpinia species, Alpinia calcarata, A. gaanga, A. malaccensis and A. smithiae, were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detection (GCâFID), gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) and external standardization. Thirty-seven to forty-eight components (96.8â100%) were identified in the rhizome oils of these four Alpinia spp. Major constituents in A. calcarata were 1,8-cineole (35.9%), β-fenchyl acetate (12.9%), β-pinene (9.1%), camphene (5.6%) and α-terpineol (5.3%). A. malaccensis showed a very different chemical profile with α-phellandrene (36.4%) as its major constituent, followed by β-pinene (4.5%), p-cymene (14.9%), 13,14,15,16-tetranor-8(17)-labden-12-al (4.3%) and (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (5.0%). The highest content of diterpenes (10.2%) was found in A. malaccensis. Major constituents in A. smithiae were α-terpineol (15.1%), α-fenchyl acetate (12.5%), β-caryophyllene (9.8%), γ-cadinene (5.5%), (E)-nerolidol (10.1%), caryophyllene oxide (10.1%) and (E)-isoamyl cinnamate (7.2%). 1,8-Cineole content in A. smithiae was only 2.1%. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were absent in A. smithiae. A. galanga was found to be rich in 1,8-cineole (52.9%). Potential molecules such as chavibetol acetate (5.6%), 2-(1E)-propenyl phenol (chavicol isomer, 4.7%) and phenol,4-(2-propenyl)-acetate (chavicol acetate, 1.1%) were detected in A. galanga rhizome oil, justifying its use as a food flavor additive. Potent pungent principle dihydrogalangal acetate (2.2%) was first detected in A. galanga rhizome oil. Keywords: Alpinia spp.volatile oilchemical profileGCâFIDGCâMS Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grant No. BT/PR6750/PBD/16/612/2005 from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India.'),(1503,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751059','Biological activities of the essential oil from the leaves of<i>Xylopia laevigata</i>(Annonaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751059',16,'https://openalex.org/W2032488120','Abstract The essential oil from the leaves of Xylopia laevigata was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Thirty-six compounds representing 97.48% of the crude essential oil were identified. The major compounds identified were -muurolene (17.99%), -cadinene (13.45%), germacrene D (9.09%), bicyclogermacrene (7.00%), -copaene (5.98%), and (E)-caryophyllene (5.43%). The biological activities of the essential oil against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigote forms, yeast, bacteria, Aedes aegypti larvae, antioxidant properties and antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines were investigated. The essential oil showed trypanocidal activity with IC50 value of 93.9±2.6 μg/mL. For antibacterial and antifungal activities, the best results were observed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC14458), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC1228) and Candida tropicalis (ATCC 157), all with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 100 μg/mL. The essential oil showed antioxidant capacity of 1468.96 μmol of TE/g in the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL) assay. The oil showed moderate larvicidal activity with LC50 value of 632.36 μg/mL. The essential oil exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against all cell lines evaluated with total growth inhibition (TGI) value <40 μg/mL, exception for K562 cell line (TGI>250 μg/mL). The highest activity was observed against cell lines of UACC-62, NCI-ADR/RES and NCI-H460, with TGI values of 4.03, 4.26 and 8.37 μg/mL, respectively. For the VERO cell (non-cancer cell line), the TGI value was of 15.94 μg/mL. Keywords: Xylopia laevigata essential oil compositionantioxidantantibacterialantifungaltrypanocidallarvicidalantiproliferative activities Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to FAPITEC/SE (Editais 07/2009 and 10/2009), CNPq, CAPES and FAPESP for financial support, and Professor Dr Ana Paula do Nascimento Prata of the DBI/UFS for the botanical identification. This paper was presented by the author at the XX° Congress of Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine (SILAE), Fortaleza, Brazil, 19â22 September 2011.'),(1504,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751060','Antibacterial activity and chemical composition of essential oil obtained from<i>Nepeta nuda</i>against phytopathogenic bacteria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751060',32,'https://openalex.org/W1968872123','The increase in agricultural production can be possible with the discovery and utilization of chemical compounds for plant disease control. However, indiscriminate use of chemical compounds against microorganisms causes many negative side effects on environment and mammalian health. Therefore, we aimed to find a new natural antimicrobial product from medicinal plants against phytopathogenic bacteria. In this study, the essential oil (EO) of Nepeta nuda was isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the EO was analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), as its biological activity was connected to its content. Then, the antibacterial property of EO was evaluated against twenty phytopathogenic bacteria. Nepeta contains 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (18.10%), germacrene (15.68%), elemol (14.38%), β-caryophyllene (8.81%), spathulenol (6.14%) and cubenol (5.10%) as major components. In conclusion, the present study is valuable for future investigations on controlling plant pathogenic bacteria.'),(1505,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751555','Comparison of microwave-assisted distillation and conventional hydrodistillation in the essential oil extraction of flowers<i>Rosa damascena</i>Mill.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751555',43,'https://openalex.org/W2108097358','Microwave-assisted distillation (MAD) is a combination of microwave heating and dry distillation at atmospheric pressure in which isolation and concentration of volatile compounds are carried out, simultaneously without solvent or water. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of MAD when isolating the essential oil of Rosa damascena Mill. For this purpose, first, two main parameters, namely extraction time and microwave power, which affect the efficiency of the extraction, were optimized. Then, to demonstrate the feasibility of the method, oil obtained under optimal conditions was compared quantitatively and qualitatively with that obtained by conventional hydrodistillation (HD) using an electric mantle heater. Considering the extraction yield, optimal extraction time and microwave power were obtained to be 15 minutes and 650 W, respectively. Extraction of essential oil from rose flowers with MAD offers important advantages over traditional HD in terms of energy saving, extraction time (15 minutes versus 3.5 hours) and extraction yield (0.037% versus 0.018%). However, there is a significant decrease in monoterpene alcohol percentages and increase in hydrocarbon percentages, which is a disadvantage from qualitative point of view.'),(1506,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751557','Essential oil from<i>Philodendron fragrantissimum</i>, an aromatic Araceae from Amazonia, Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751557',8,'https://openalex.org/W2112129986','In the Amazon region of Brazil, the roots of different species of Philodendron are used in the traditional medicine. Philodendron fragrantissimum (Hook.) G. Don, locally known as âcipó-tracuáâ, has very aromatic roots and is used for baths and fumigation. Here, we describe the chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of P. fragrantissimum obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus for 4 hours. The oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-five substances were detected and the major components were β-caryophyllene (29.9%), limonene (15.8%), β-selinene (11.5%), α-selinene (15.7%), α-pinene (3.4%), α-copaene (3.2%), β-pinene (2.5%) and δ-cadinene (2.9%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition of the essential oil from P. fragrantissimum. The high content of β-caryophyllene was not observed in the other oils studied so far and might be considered a tool in taxonomy studies.'),(1507,'10.1080/10412905.2012.751558','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils isolated from leaves and fruits of<i>Peucedanum austriacum</i>(Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751558',5,'https://openalex.org/W1979626583','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils isolated from fruits and leaves of Peucedanum austriacum (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch were determined in order to define their medical potential. An analysis of leaf and fruit essential oils by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) resulted in identification of 141 different components, representing 93.6% and 96.1% of the total oils. The most abundant class of compounds in fruit essential oil was monoterpenoids (64.0%) and in the leaf essential oil sesquiterpenoids (82.0%). The major contributors of fruit essential oil were β-phellandrene (45.2%) and α-pinene (10.1%). The major constituents of leaf essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (23.1%), germacrene D (12.2%) and (E)-caryophyllene (10.2%). Minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined by performing broth microdilution assay. In the antibacterial activity assay, both samples showed moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibitory effect at 0.625 and 1.25 mg/mL, weak activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibitory effect at 5.00 mg/mL and no effect on the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results showed that essential oils composition of P. austriacum leaves and fruits differed considerably. Tested oils were proved selective antibacterial agents.'),(1508,'10.1080/10412905.2012.755475','Chemical compositions of the leaf essential oils of some Annonaceae from Vietnam','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.755475',27,'https://openalex.org/W2088728065','The leaf oils of some genus of Annonaceae collected from Vietnam in December 2009 were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compounds identified in the oil of Artabotrys pallens Ast. were α-gurjunene (21.9%), α-phellandrene (20.1%) and bicycloelemene (9.6%). The oil of Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. contained β-selinene (12.3%), bicyclogermacrene (10.9%), caryophyllene oxide (10.4%) and bicycloelemene (5.6%) in abundance. However, β-pinene (33.4%), α-pinene (32.3%) and β-caryophyllene (10.5%) were the most quantitative significant constituents of Dasymaschalon rostratum Merr. & Chun. From the oil of Uvaria pierrei Finet & Gagnep. we could identified bicycloelemene (18.3%), germacrene D (30.2%), bicyclogermacrene (26.4%) and β-bisabolene (7.7%) as the major compounds, while γ-elemene (54.0%) was the most singly abundant constituent of Uvaria dac Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep oil. All the other compounds were identified in amount less than 5% with the most prominent ones being myrcene (3.8%) and limonene (3.8%). In addition, the oil of Melodorum vietnamensis Ban., had an abundance of α-pinene (15.4%), bicyclogermacrene (13.9%), bicycloelemene (10.8%) and β-caryophyllene (9.9%). The chemotaxonomic importance of the results was also discussed.'),(1509,'10.1080/10412905.2012.755476','Composition of the essential oils of<b><i>Centaurea aphrodisea, C. polyclada, C. athoa, C. hyalolepis</i>and<i>C. iberica</i></b>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.755476',30,'https://openalex.org/W2319817353','Abstract Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from two endemic Centaurea species (C. aphrodisea Boiss. and C. polyclada DC.) and three widespread (C. athoa DC., C. hyalolepis Boiss. and C. iberica Trev. ex Sprengel) Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. The analyses revealed 109 constituents, accounting between 87% and 93.4% of the oils. Hexadecanoic acid (8.1â27.9%) was the main constituent of C. iberica, C. hyalolepis and C. polyclada oils, while spathulenol (8.1%) was the major compound in C. aphrodisea and caryophyllene oxide (17.1%) in C. athoa oils. Keywords: Centaurea Asteraceaeessential oil compositionhexadecanoic acidcaryophyllene oxide Acknowledgements We thank Serdar Senol (Section of Botany, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey) and Dr. Dr. Esat Cetin (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Harran University) for their helps for collection and identification of the plant materials.S'),(1510,'10.1080/10412905.2012.755477','Chemical composition of the volatile fractions from wild and<i>in vitro</i>plants of<i>Anemia tomentosa</i>var.<i>anthriscifolia</i>(Pteridophyta)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.755477',14,'https://openalex.org/W2035095347','Anemia tomentosa var. anthriscifolia is a very aromatic fern with ornamental potential. The major constituent of the volatile fraction of this plant is the triquinane sesquiterpene (-)-9-epi-presilphiperfolan-1-ol, which displays in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to investigate the chemical composition of this volatile fraction in relation to their triquinane sesquiterpenes upon in vitro multiplication, the tissue culture of this plant was established. Gametophytes and early sporophytes were successfully developed from spores inoculated in MS medium without growth regulators. Volatiles of both in vitro and wild plants were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-seven constituents were evidenced in the volatiles of the wild plant, accounting for 93.4% of its total composition, whereas only seven constituents accounted for 97.0% of the total composition of the volatiles of the in vitro plants, respectively. The volatiles from the in vitro plants were composed mainly of monoterpenes (79%), whereas those of the wild plants comprised mostly sesquiterpenes (97.5%). The major constituents from in vitro plants are α-pinene (20.7%), trans-pinocarveol (31.0%) and pinocarvone (27.3%), whereas the major constituents from wild plants are silphiperfol-6-ene (11.7%), 9-epi-presilphiperfolan-1-ol (31.3%) and presilphiperfolan-8-ol (21.2%).'),(1511,'10.1080/10412905.2012.755478','Volatile oil composition of Indian Perilla [<i>Perilla frutescens</i>(L.) Britton] collected at different phenophases','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.755478',18,'https://openalex.org/W2169023382','Volatile oils of the Indian Perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton], isolated from different phenophases, were analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GC/MS). Essential oil yield was varied from 0.26% to 0.35% during different phenophases of P. frutescens. However, leaves and inflorescence possessed 0.50% and 0.25% essential oil, respectively. Major constituents of the oil were perilla ketone (39.5â59.3%), isoegomaketone (9.4â45.7%), (E)-caryophyllene (0.1â13.4%), and caryophyllene oxide (0.4â3.8%). Perilla ketone was found to be higher at seed maturity stage (59.3%), while the amount of isoegomaketone was recorded higher during vegetative stages (39.8â43.6%). Further, perilla ketone and (E)-caryophyllene were found to be higher in inflorescence, while isoegomaketone was higher in leaves. The investigated P. frutescens chemotype (perilla ketone/isoegomaketone) is new to India.'),(1512,'10.1080/10412905.2012.755479','Potential cosmetic application of essential oil extracted from<i>Litsea cubeba</i>fruits from China','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.755479',35,'https://openalex.org/W2092546060','Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) is widely used as a flavor enhancer in cosmetics and as a folk skin-care agent in southern China. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether LCEO has biological activities that might be useful in modern skin-protection formulations. The present study results revealed that citral (57.4%) was a major component, while LCEO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on tyrosinase (IC50 values 100 μg/mL), good antioxidative activities (IC50: 17.75 mg/mL for ABTS+., 10.2 mg/mL for O2 â), and apparent protective effect against UVâTiO2âNO2 â-induced protein oxidation at 0.01 mg/mL and tyrosine nitration at 0.1 mg/mL. Additionally, the biological activities of LCEO were compared with that of its main constituents. The results demonstrated that any individual major component was not the unique contributor to the high activity of LCEO. Based on these results, we suggested that LCEO could serve as a new natural skin-whitening agent.'),(1513,'10.1080/10412905.2012.758602','Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of<i>Litsea cubeba</i>on cariogenic bacteria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.758602',24,'https://openalex.org/W2101901437','Abstract The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Litsea cubeba (LC-EO) and the antimicrobial impact (AI) of individual volatile compounds in the LC-EO on the cariogenic bacteria: Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Streptococcus sobrinus (S. sobrinus) and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) were studied. The AI combines the effects of minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) and quantity of an antimicrobial substance. The AI can quantitatively characterize the relative contribution of individual components of the EO on the entire antimicrobial activity of the EO. For the LC-EO and most volatile compounds investigated, their antimicrobial activities against S. sanguinis were higher than against S. mutans or S. sobrinus. The MMCs of the LC-EO for S. sanguinis, S. mutans and S. sobrinus without biofilms were 375, 750 and 1500 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the MMC for each strain with the biofilms was double the above value due to the increase of the bacterial resistance. The time-killing study shows that the LC-EO at the MMC for each strain could inactivate >90% of the corresponding bacterial population (initial inoculum of 103 or 105 CFU/mL) within 10 minutes. The good antimicrobial effects within reasonable time of food consumption render the LC-EO applicable in food systems. Keywords: antimicrobial activityantimicrobial impact Litsea cubeba Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sobrinus Streptococcus sanguinis'),(1514,'10.1080/10412905.2013.767755','Essential oils composition of four<i>Piper</i>species from Brazil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.767755',23,'https://openalex.org/W2004795949','Abstract The Piper L. genus has a great variety of commercially, pharmacologically and biologically interesting species. The present study focused on essential oils extracted by means of the hydrodistillation from dry leaves of Piper cernuum, Piper glabratum, Piper hispidum and Piper madeiranum. The species supplied essential oil contents of between 0.5% and 0.8%. Gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry analyses revealed that the majority of components were -elemene (11.6%) and epi-cubebol (13.1%) for P. cernuum; -caryophyllene (14.6%) and longiborneol (12.0%) for P. glabratum; -pinene (12.0%), khusimene (12.1%) and -cadinene (13.2%) for P. hispidum; -caryophyllene (11.2%) and germacrene D-4-ol (11.1%) for P. madeiranum. The test carried out on the essential oils concerning the Artemia salina L. produced the following values for LC50 200.03 μg/mL (P. cernuum), 45.21 μg/mL (P. glabratum), 404.80 μg/mL (P. hispidum) and 49.64 μg/mL (P. madeiranum). Keywords: Piper cernum Piper glabratum Piper hispidum Piper madeiranum Artemia salina Acknowledgements We wish to thank the Fundação de Ãmparo a Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) for their financial support, Else Franklin Guimarães for his botanical identification of the species, José Lima da Paixão for his help in collecting plant material and Prof. DSc. Alex-Alan Furtado for support in chromatography analysis.'),(1515,'10.1080/10412905.2013.767756','Preparative isolation and characterization of monoterpene isomers present in the citral-rich essential oil of<i>Pectis brevipedunculata</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.767756',13,'https://openalex.org/W2002494573','Abstract In Brazil, many plant species are known as lemongrass due to the citric fragrance of their volatile compounds. Pectis brevipedunculata is a Brazilian ornamental aromatic grass with a \'lemongrass odor\'. To investigate this native Brazilian plant, fresh aerial parts were subjected to hydrodistillation (HD) and solid phase microextraction (SPME). The major compounds (>91.0%) separated by HD were the aldehydes neral and geranial. The chromatographic profile of volatile SPME fractions showed that monoterpenes were the major components, especially α-pinene and limonene. Countercurrent chromatography was used for the preparative isolation of citral (780 mg, >98.7% purity) and geraniol (8 mg, 86.0% purity). In addition, neral (7 mg, 87.5% purity) and geranial (12 mg, 91.0% purity) were purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). This work demonstrates that P. brevipedunculata is a potential source of citral and HSCCC is a useful tool for separating essential oil components with high purity and mass recovery. Keywords: Pectis brevipedunculata citralhigh-speed countercurrent chromatographySPMEsolid phase microextractionhydrodistillation Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico Tecnológico (CNPq) for their financial support.'),(1516,'10.1080/10412905.2013.767758','Fungicidal activity of four essential oils from<i>Piper capense</i>,<i>Piper borbonense</i>and<i>Vetiveria zizanoides</i>growing in Comoros against fungi decay wood','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.767758',16,'https://openalex.org/W2140108330','For valorization and diversification of medicinal plants used in Comoros, we are interested in three species growth in this archipelago. Four essential oils were extracted from these plants and used in this study. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Sesquiterpene compounds are predominant in Piper borbonense and Vetiveria zizanoides essential oils but for Piper capense essential oil, monoterpenes are predominant. Essential oils were investigated for their fungicidal activities against four fungi decay wood: Gloeophyllum trabeum (Persoon ex Fries) Murril (ATCC 11539), Poria placenta (Fries) Cooke sensu J. Eriksson (ATCC 9891), Coniophora puteana (Schumacher ex Fries) Karsten (ATCC 9351) and Coriolus versicolor (Linnaeus) Quélet (ATCC 12679). These essential oils showed an in important activity against all strains tested. However, the highest activity was observed in Vetiveria and P. borbonense essential oils.'),(1517,'10.1080/10412905.2013.769466','Volatiles from<i>Lapageria rosea</i>Ruiz<i>et</i>Pav. red flower','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.769466',3,'https://openalex.org/W2100033385','The chemical composition of the volatile compounds isolated by simultaneous distillationâextraction with diethyl ether from red flowers of red copihue (Lapageria rosea) growing in Chile was investigated by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty-nine components were identified in the volatile oil (100% of the total volatile composition). Limonene was the major component of the flower scent (29%), with lesser amounts of many saturated, unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes, which represented nearly 42% of the total composition.'),(1518,'10.1080/10412905.2013.773656','Essential oil composition and cytotoxic activity of<i>Ducrosia anethifolia</i>and<i>Ducrosia flabellifolia</i>from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.773656',28,'https://openalex.org/W2092635426','Hydrodistilled volatile oils from the aerial parts of Ducrosia anethifolia and Ducrosia flabellifolia were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The plants were collected from west and southwest Iran. Thirty-two compounds in D. anethifolia and thirty-three compounds in D. flabellifolia were identified, representing 93.4% and 88.2% of the total oils, respectively. The major components of D. anethifolia oil were dodecanal (28.8%), decanal (21.1%), (2E)-tridecen-1-al (15.8%) and (2E)-dodecenal (13.4%). The most abundant components in essential oil of D. flabellifolia were decanal (32.8%), dodecanal (32.6%), decanol (4.3%) and (2E)-tridecen-1-al (3.3%). Cytotoxic activity assessed on three human cancer cell lines (K562, LS180 and MCF-7) showed that essential oil from D. anethifolia represented good to moderate cytotoxic activity, while D. flabellifolia had a moderate to weak activity.'),(1519,'10.1080/10412905.2013.774625','<i>Tetraclinis articulata</i>(Vahl) Masters essential oils: chemical composition and biological activities','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.774625',59,'https://openalex.org/W1994963314','Two samples of essential oils from the leaves and cones of wild Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.) Masters from two different sites in Algeria were isolated by hydrodistillation and investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of forty compounds were identified representing 98.6â99.8% of the oils. The main components of the volatile oils were α-pinene (19.8â24.9%) and bornyl acetate (40.2â59.2%) for the leaves, α-pinene (57.5â75%), limonene (10.6â20.9%) and β-myrcene (3.6â10.6%) for the cones. The antioxidant efficiency was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging method. In comparison with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), which were used as positive controls, all samples showed weak activity. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils were assayed by using the disc diffusion method and agar dilution technique on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by essential oil samples and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged between 0.2 and 1.0 μg/mL.'),(1520,'10.1080/10412905.2013.774626','Effect of heat treatment on the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of essential oil of<i>Thymus pallescens</i>de Noé from Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.774626',3,'https://openalex.org/W1999988089','Antioxidant efficiency and chemical constituents of Thymus Pallescens de Noé essential oil were examined. Also, the effect of thermal treatments (100°, 150° and 190°C) for 3 hours on the antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of the oil was studied. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPHâ¢) free-radical scavenging and reducing power, and compared with synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT) and the oil kept at room temperature. The main compounds were carvacrol (42.9â44.1%), p-cymene (10â11%) and γ-terpinene (7.9â10.5%). The oils being heated did not significantly affect for their chemical composition. The antioxidant activities were dose-dependent and varied with the temperature and the method used.'),(1521,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775017','Changes in the content and composition of the essential oil of<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>L. during storage','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775017',19,'https://openalex.org/W2105207965','We assessed the qualitative and quantitative changes in the essential oil derived from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. stored in different types of packaging. The effect of storage temperature on the oil from fresh leaves was also investigated. There were no significant differences in the average yields of oil obtained from leaves stored in paper or plastic bags over a twelve-month period; but, independent of packaging, the oil content was reduced by 0.1% per month. The relative concentrations of the major constituents, linalool and geraniol, were 76.1% and 16.7%, respectively, for leaves stored in paper bags for twelve months and 77.1% and 16.6%, respectively, for leaves stored in plastic bags. No differences were detected in the concentrations of the major components of the oil obtained from leaves that were stored for twelve months at â20°, 4° or 25°C, although the concentrations of the minor constituents oscillated significantly.'),(1522,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775079','Variation in essential oil composition of<i>Ocimum americanum</i>L. from north-western Himalayan region','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775079',20,'https://openalex.org/W2113954868','The essential oils of ten wild growing Ocimum americanum L. of the family Lamiaceae collected from different locations in Uttarakhand, India, were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). On the basis of chemical composition and cluster analysis, O. americanum was classified into six groups. Group I was significantly rich in methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole, (E)-γ-bisabolene, β-bisabolene and eugenol, while group II has (E)-γ-bisabolene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, eugenol, β-bisabolene and methyl chavicol as major constituents. Eugenol and (E)-caryophyllene were found in abundant quantity in group III and linalool with methyl chavicol in group IV. Group V contained aliphatic hydrocarbons, eugenol, camphor and 1,8-cineole in high content while camphor and aliphatic hydrocarbons were found in group VI. Linalool was positively correlated with methyl chavicol, while eugenol with (E)-α-bisabolene and β-bisabolene with (E)-γ-bisabolene. The essential oil composition of O. amercanum was found to be affected by variation in soil properties and microclimatic conditions.'),(1523,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775081','Screening of fruit and leaf essential oils of<i>Litsea cubeba</i>Pers. from north-east India â chemical composition and antimicrobial activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775081',36,'https://openalex.org/W1980930615','Abstract Essential oils from the leaves and fruits of Litsea cubeba Pers. collected in the Assam and Arunachal Pradesh states in north-east India, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). On the whole, 117 components have been characterized. The two leaf oils (LC1, LC2) show sabinene as the main component; the other significant compounds for LC1 oil are α-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol and myrcene, whereas for LC2 1,8-cineole and α-pinene are the other most important compounds. The three fruit oils (LC3, LC4 and LC5) were characterized by different profiles, indeed LC3 and LC4 showed a similar composition with citronellol and citronellal the main components, accounting for 70% and 10% of total oils, respectively. LC5, instead, presents geranial (c. 44%) and neral (c. 40%) as the main components, whereas citronellal reaches only c. 3%. Essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. All microbial strains appeared sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of the essential oils under investigation. Leaf and fruit oils showed different levels of inhibition depending on their particular chemical composition; however, the LC5 sample was broadly the most effective. Keywords: Litsea cubeba leaf and fruit essential oilsantimicrobial activitysabinenecitral Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (C.N.R. Rome, Italy). We are also grateful to Mr. Agatino Renda (ICB-CNR, CT, Italy) for his skilful technical assistance. AKS acknowledges All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi, India for financial assistance to purchase Shimadzu GC2014.'),(1524,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775082','Chemical composition, antioxidant and the possible use as skin-care ingredient of clove oil (<i>Syzygium aromaticum</i>(L.) Merr. &amp; Perry) and citronella oil (<i>Cymbopogon goeringii</i>) from China','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775082',33,'https://openalex.org/W2171603878','Abstract Clove oil and citronella oil from China were selected to evaluate their potential as skin-care ingredients. The gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) results showed that the main component of clove oil was eugenol, while citronellal was the main compound of citronella oil. Clove oil exhibited prominent free radical scavenging activities (ic 50: 58 μg/mL for O2 â· and 8.5 μg/mL for ABTS+·) and strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, whilst citronella oil showed weaker antioxidative activities (ic 50: 150 μg/mL for O2 â· and 500 μg/mL for ABTS+·) and lipid peroxidation inhibitory efficiency. In addition, both oils revealed dose-dependence in protecting bovine serum albumin against UVâTiO2âNO2 â induced protein oxidation and tyrosine nitration injury. This study suggests that both clove oil and citronella oil could be used as new source of skin-care ingredient in the cosmetic industry. Keywords: essential oilclove oil (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry)citronella oil (Cymbopogon goeringii)gas chromatographyâmass spectrometryantioxidant Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST No. 2010ZD010).'),(1525,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775083','Comparative analysis of supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>extracts and essential oils from an<i>Ocimum basilicum</i>chemotype particularly rich in T-cadinol','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775083',20,'https://openalex.org/W2036751526','Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) is an important essential oil plant used for different purposes (from food flavoring to pharmaceutical applications) characterized by the presence of several chemotypes. Here we show a comparative analysis between hydrodistillation of essential oils (EO) and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE) of an O. basilicum chemotype particularly rich in T-cadinol. SFE yielded a higher percentage of 1,8-cineole (10%; 4-fold), linalool (23.2%; 5.8-fold), eugenol (13.3%; 1.2-fold) and germacrene D (5.6%; 28-fold) with respect to EO. On the other hand, EO composition was characterized by higher percentages of T-cadinol (27.5%; 3-fold) and some other sesquiterpenes with respect to SFE. The presence of high percentages of T-cadinol in EO is of great importance owing to the biological activity of this compound in cancer therapy and as an antibiotic.'),(1526,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775673','The leaf essential oils of four Vietnamese species of<i>Cinnamomum</i>(Lauraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775673',14,'https://openalex.org/W2033990371','The leaf essential oil compositions of four Cinnamomum species from Vietnam were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The main compounds of Cinnamomum sericans Hance were the sesquiterpenes spathulenol (14.5%), caryophyllene oxide (9.3%), β-caryophyllene (7.1%) and bicyclocgermacrene (6.0%). The monoterpenes were represented by α-pinene (9.3%) and sabinene (8.0%). However, monoterpenes were the dominant class of compounds in Cinnamomum durifolium Kosterm comprising mainly of Ï-cymene (15.6%), limonene (13.9%) and α-phellandrene (9.2%). Spathulenol (7.4%) among the sesquiterpenoids and benzyl benzoate (6.5%), an aromatic ester were also present. The leaf oil of Cinnamomum magnificum Kosterm was devoid of monoterpene compounds, while the major sesquiterpenes were bicyclogermacrene (33.9%), β-caryophyllene (25.5%), bicycloelemene (7.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.5%). β-Caryophyllene (35.9%), caryophyllene oxide (12.6%) and spathulenol (5.2%) were the dominant compounds of Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume. The low content of (E)-cinnamaldehyde in the Cinnamomum species is typical for majority of species already reported from Vietnam.'),(1527,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775675','Chemical profiles and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of two medicinal plant species grown in Tunisia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775675',10,'https://openalex.org/W2141129243','Abstract A comparison of leaves essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of the two medicinal plant species Juniperus oxycedrus and Juniperus phoenicea grown in Tunisia is reported in this study. The highest yield of essential oil was recorded for J. phoenicea (0.34%, w/w) whereas J. oxycedrus exhibited the lowest yield (0.18%). Qualitative and quantitative variations in the composition of oils according to species were shown. Tunisian sample of those species are especially rich of β-phellandrene. Based on both tests DPPH (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), the two species presented high levels of antioxidant capacities. The DPPH test shows the highest antioxidant activity (ic 50=20.1±0.1 μg/mL) for the species J. oxycedrus while J. phoenicea presented the lowest antioxidant activity (ic 50=25.4±0.3 μg/mL). The highest level of ferric reducing ability of volatile oils is recorded for J. oxycedrus (15.90±0.87 μmol Fe2+/g), whereas J. phoenicea exhibits the lowest level (10.99±0.52 μmol Fe2+/g). Keywords: Juniperus phoenicea Juniperus oxycedrus essential oilchemical compositionantioxidant activity'),(1528,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775676','A novel technology for extraction of essential oil from<i>Myrtus communis</i>: ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775676',36,'https://openalex.org/W2012018710','In the extraction process of essential oils (EOs), one of the major problems of traditional methods is long extraction times. Ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD) is a specific hydrodistillation (HD) technique utilizing ohmic heating to generate heat faster and in a different form from traditional methods. OAHD was applied as a novel technology for the isolation of EO from the aerial parts of Myrtus communis L. (myrtle) and the results were compared with those of the conventional HD. The results showed that OAHD method had an extraction time of 26.11 minutes while this value was more than 1 hour for HD for approximately the same amount of EO recovery (0.7% v/w). Gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analysis did not indicate any noticeable changes in the constitutes of the EO obtained by OAHD in comparison with HD and the major compound of EOs was 1,8-cineol. The proposed method required considerably less energy per mL of EO extraction and the results of this study revealed the innovative OAHD as an environmentally friendly technology.'),(1529,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775677','Essential oil compositions of branchlets and cones of<i>Cupressus torulosa</i>D. Don','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775677',10,'https://openalex.org/W2085052919','The essential oils from male and female branchlets and from female cones of Cupressus torulosa D. Don were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), and their compositions were compared. The analysis of essential oils revealed fifty-five constituents comprising 89.65â99.05% of the essential oil composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.09â58.06%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (28.61â39.48%) were found to be the major group of the constituents. Predominant constituents were umbellulone (16.26â26.66%), terpinen-4-ol (0.10â19.64%), α-pinene (9.62â17.76%), limonene (13.27â14.56%), sabinene (5.87â14.33%), γ-terpinene (1.97â6.89%) and α-terpinene (1.95â5.31%).'),(1530,'10.1080/10412905.2013.775679','Chemical composition, antifungal and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from<i>Baccharis latifolia</i>(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae) from Loja, Ecuador','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.775679',20,'https://openalex.org/W2161276123','The essential oil of aerial parts of Baccharis latifolia (asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and GC/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Twenty-nine compounds, representing 90.91% of the oil, were identified. The major components were limonene (33.72%), -phellandrene (10.32%), sabinene (10.28%), β-pinene (6.99%) and α-pinene (5.44%). The antifungal and antibacterial activities were determined by the broth microdilution method. The essential oil from B. latifolia exhibited activity only against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185).'),(1531,'10.1080/10412905.2013.782472','<i>In vitro</i>fungitoxic and cytotoxic efficacy of<i>Chloroxylon swietenia</i>DC. leaf essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.782472',1,'https://openalex.org/W1980568850','Abstract Essential oil of Chloroxylon swietenia was studied for its antifungal potential against clinically isolated fungal strains as well as the cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Antifungal activity was studied by disc diffusion method and serial broth dilution method. The toxicity of the essential oil was evaluated in normal Vero cell line by MTT assay. The GC and GCâMS analyses revealed that the essential oil contained 36 compounds and the major chemical compounds were germacrene-D (22.4%) followed by limonene (17.3%) and geijerene (15.4%). The antifungal assay showed that Candida albicans was the most sensitive fungal strain tested, with the strongest mean inhibition zone (22.0±1.32 mm) followed by C. parapsilosis (21.5±1.32 mm). The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the oil inhibited all the fungal strains tested at the highest concentration of 125 μg/mL. Toxicity on normal Vero cell line showed the IC50 value of 115.47 μg/mL. The results obtained in the present study will certainly be helpful in future clinical trials to validate its use as a phytotherapeutic product. Key words: antifungal activity Aspergillus Candida Chloroxylon swietenia cytotoxicityessential oil Acknowledgements We thank Dr. R. Panneerselvam, Professor and Head, Department of Botany, Annamalai University for having provided the laboratory facilities. One of the authors (A. Senthilkumar) is grateful to Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India for the award of Senior Research Fellowship (Award No. 45/39/2009/BMS/TRM).'),(1532,'10.1080/10412905.2013.782474','Steam volatile oil from<i>Scutellaria repens</i>Buch-Ham. ex D. Don; its composition and antibacterial activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.782474',7,'https://openalex.org/W2117417602','The terpenoid composition of steam volatile oil obtained from the aerial parts of Scutellaria repens Buch-Ham. ex D. Don (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The oil was found to be rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (77.5%); aromadendrene (30.7%) and β-funebrene (15.0%) were the principal constituents. Forty-four components were identified representing 90.8% of the oil. Antibacterial activity of the oil against ten bacterial strains was determined by measuring the inhibitory zone. The oil showed significant activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.'),(1533,'10.1080/10412905.2013.782475','Antifungal activities against<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>by<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>oil and its main components','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.782475',21,'https://openalex.org/W2004064862','The plant disease produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a big problem in agriculture. This paper tested the effects of cinnamon oil and its components on the growth of S. sclerotiorum. The cinnamon oil was first separated into carbonyl and noncarbonyl parts by treatment with sodium bisulfite. Then two main cinnamaldehyde derivatives, that is 2â²-methoxycinnamaldehyde and coniferyl aldehyde, were further separated by column chromatography from the carbonyl parts. Cinnamon oil demonstrated a significant antifungal effect against S. sclerotiorum with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 256 μg/mL in agar and 64 μg/mL air, respectively. trans-Cinnamaldehyde exhibited the highest antifungal activity among all the three cinnamaldehydes tested. In addition, thymol and carvacrol had an additive effect with trans-cinnamaldehyde in preventing the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum.'),(1534,'10.1080/10412905.2013.782476','Essential oil composition of <i>Pelargonium graveolens</i> LâHer ex Ait. cultivars harvested in different seasons','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.782476',40,'https://openalex.org/W2153758279','To determine the seasonal influence on essential oil yield and composition of three rose-scented geranium cultivars, namely Bourbon type, CIM-Pawan and Kelkar, an experiment was carried out in western Himalayan region, India. The essential oil yield varied from 0.05% to 0.20%, from 0.10% to 0.25% and from 0.03% to 0.12% in fresh biomass of the cv. Bourbon type, CIM-Pawan and Kelkar, respectively. Gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and /mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed significant variations in the essential oil composition of rose-scented geranium due to cultivar and season of harvesting. The major components in the essential oil of cv. Bourbon type were geraniol (14.1â34.6%), citronellol (15.2â31.3%), linalool (2.9â9.2%), citronellyl formate (4.4â9.2%), isomenthone (4.5â6.6%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.7â6.7%) and geranyl formate (3.8â6.2%). The dominant constituents of the cv. CIM-Pawan essential oil were geraniol (11.9â31.9%), citronellol (16.1â30.2%), citronellyl formate (5.2â8.9%), linalool (3.7â6.4%), isomenthone (4.0â6.3%), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (4.4â5.2%) and geranyl formate (4.3â5.0%). However, the chemical composition and odor of cv. Kelkar was quite different from the other two cultivars and the major components found in this oil were citronellol (51.0â63.4%) and isomenthone (9.8â17.8%).'),(1535,'10.1080/10412905.2013.782477','Volatile oil composition of vegetative and reproductive parts of lemon-scented gum (<i>Eucalyptus citriodora</i>Hook.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.782477',8,'https://openalex.org/W2135711978','Lemon-scented gum (Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.) is an important aromatic tree species, cultivated in different parts of the world for the production of citronellal-rich essential oil from its leaves. In present study, essential oils derived from leaves, flowers and fruits of the plant were investigated and compared in detail using gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Altogether, sixty-nine constituents, representing 92.9â97.5% of the total oil compositions were identified. Leaf oil was represented by citronellal (86.0%), as the chief constituent. Flower oil was dominated by citronellal (34.9%), α-pinene (22.0%), citronellol (11.9%) and β-pinene (4.6%), while the fruit oil contained α-pinene (40.7%), γ-terpinene (11.8%), citronellal (7.1%) and p-cymene (6.5%) as major components.'),(1536,'10.1080/10412905.2013.796498','Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils of<i>Psidium guajava</i>fruits and leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.796498',83,'https://openalex.org/W2108713114','Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) has been used traditionally against gastrointestinal disturbances and respiratory ailments. The chemical composition of the essential oil of both leaves and fruits were elucidated by gasâliquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GLC/MS). Forty-five and forty-two compounds, accounting for 93.7% and 89.7% of the fruit and leaf oil, were identified, respectively. The dominant compounds were β-caryophyllene (17.6%) and limonene (11.0%) for the fruit oil and β-caryophyllene (16.9%) and selin-7(11)-en-4α-ol (8.3%) for the leaf oil. The radical scavenging activities of both essential oils were assessed by the diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPHâ¢) and deoxyribose degradation assays. Guava leaf oil reduced DPPHâ¢ radicals and prevented the degradation of the deoxyribose with ic50 values of 3.59 and 12.64 μg/mL. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the oils in HepG2 and MCF-7 carcinoma cells was examined using the SRB assay (ic50 32.53 and 49.76 μg/mL for the leaves and fruit oils against HepG2 cells). Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of both oils (ic50 130.69 and 196.45 μg/mL for the leaves and fruit oils). The anti-inflammatory activity was explained via virtual docking of the major identified compounds to the main sites in the 5-LOX crystal structure.'),(1537,'10.1080/10412905.2013.809318','Salt effects on shoot growth and essential oil yield and composition in safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i>L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.809318',5,'https://openalex.org/W1983970864','Salinity effects on growth and essential oil composition of Tunisian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) shoots grown in hydroponic medium were investigated. Plants treated with 25 mM NaCl showed remarkable morphological modifications and decrease in shoot dry matter. Under 50 and 75 mM NaCl, plants showed a withering and a drastic reduction in dry matter (50% and 70%, respectively). Under NaCl 25 mM, essential oil yield increased significantly (p<0.05) up to 70% and 27% respectively in plants from Tazarka and Kairouan provenances compared with the control. The major compound in Tazarka essential oil was found to be 1,8-cineole (23.5%) followed by methyl eugenol (18.0%), 1-pentadecene (9.1%) and camphene (9.0%). In plants from Kairouan provenance, the major compounds were 1-pentadecene (22.9%), methyl-eugenol (11.8%), linalool (8.1%) and camphene (7.9%). Whatever the origin, the application of 25 mM resulted in remarkable changes in the content and the percentage of the main oil components with the effect being more pronounced in plants from Tazarka.'),(1538,'10.1080/10412905.2013.809320','Volatile compounds with characteristic aroma of boiled sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i>L. cv Ayamurasaki,<i>I</i>.<i>batatas</i>L. cv Beniazuma and<i>I. batatas</i>L. cv Simon 1)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.809320',20,'https://openalex.org/W2003479502','Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is a tuberous root crop that is extensively cultivated in the tropical regions. When baked, it has a characteristic odor. To be able to identify the odor-active compounds, aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA) was performed with gas chromatographyâolfactometry (GCâO) method. The odor activity value was performed in order to determine the relative contribution of each compound to the odor of the sweet potatoes. The result indicated that a total of seventy-five compounds from Ipomoea batatas L. Cv Ayamurasaki, Beniazuma and Simon 1 were identified by GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), which accounted for 91.6%, 84.1% and 87.7%, respectively. The main components of volatile oil from Ayamurasaki were hexadecanoic acid (22.4%), phenylacetaldehyde (10.2%), guaiacol (3.9%) and p-vinylguaiacol (3.8%). Eighteen odor-active compounds were identified, including phenylacetaldehyde (floral odor), maltol (sweet odor) and methional (potato odor). Characteristic aroma from two other kinds of sweet potatoes (Beniazuma and Simon 1) were investigated.'),(1539,'10.1080/10412905.2013.809323','Composition analysis of volatile oils from flowers, leaves and branches of<i>Cinnamomum camphora</i>chvar.<i>Borneol</i>in china','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.809323',24,'https://openalex.org/W2129800983','The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of flowers, young leaves and epicormic branches of Cinnamomum camphora chvar. Borneol were comparatively studied by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Among the verified constituents, oxy-terpene accounted for the most abundant constituent in all volatile oils (flowers 50.83%, leaves 70.75%, branches 78.22%). d-Borneol, the characteristic oxy-terpene of the volatile oils of C. camphora chvar. Borneol, was the highest-content compound among all the three parts (flowers 12.13±0.67 g/kg, leaves 17.22±0.85 g/kg and branches 4.47±0.79 g/kg), while camphor was absent in flowers, low in leaves (0.05±0.01 g/kg) but rich in branches (1.09±0.44 g/kg). These findings suggested that volatile oils from the leaves and flowers of C. camphora chvar. Borneol would serve as a better resource for d-borneol preparation, and there might be an α-pineneâborneolâcamphor bioconversion during the growth time extension of C. camphora chvar. Borneol (flower < leaf < branch)'),(1540,'10.1080/10412905.2013.820670','Chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil of<i>Artemisia anomala</i>from China','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.820670',12,'https://openalex.org/W2021356066','The composition and the bioactivity of the essential oil of Artemisia anomala, a traditional medicinal herb in China, were investigated. The composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectometry (GCâMS), and a total of 39 components representing 98.1% in this plant were identified. The main constituents were camphor (18.3%), 1, 8-cineole (17.3%), β-caryophyllene oxide (12.7%), and borneol (9.5%). The antimicrobial activities of the oil were separately evaluated against six micro-organisms, Bacillus cereus (CMCCB 63301), Micrococcus flavus (ATCC 14698), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and a clinical-isolated strain Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that the oil possessed inhibitory activity against B. cereus, M. flavus, E. coli, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus, among which the best inhibition was observed against B. cereus with a MIC of 0.313 μL/mL. The antiproliferative activities of the oil were assessed against four human tumor cell lines, A459 (human lung adenocarcinoma), BRO (human melanoma), MCF7 (human breast cancer), and PC3 (human prostate). The oil showed the ability to inhibit proliferation of human cancer cells. And the MCF7 cell line was the most sensitive to the oil with an IC50 of 0.09.'),(1541,'10.1080/10412905.2013.820671','Compositional characteristics of the essential oil of<i>Myrtus communis</i>grown in the central part of Saudi Arabia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.820671',18,'https://openalex.org/W2018117977','The essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Myrtus communis grown in the central part of Saudi Arabia was analyzed by gas chromatography-based techniques (GCâFID, GCâMS, CoâGC, LRI determination, database, and literature search) using polar as well as non-polar columns, which resulted in the identification of a total of sixty-five components accounting for 98.2% of the total oil composition. The oil composition was found to be dominated by monoterpene components accounting for 89.3% of oil composition. Sesquiterpenes (4.8%) and their oxygenated derivatives (3.5%) were present in lesser amounts. The major compounds of the oil were 1,8-cineole (26.5%), linalool (18.0%), α-pinene (11.6%), α-terpineol (8.9%), and limonene (4.0%). Other constituents which were present in appreciable amounts in this oil are trans-geraniol (3.9%), trans-geranyl acetate (3.9%), α-terpenyl acetate (3.3%), linalyl acetate (2.9%), and δ-cadinene (2.7%).'),(1542,'10.1080/10412905.2013.820673','Volatile constituents from<i>in vitro</i>and<i>ex vitro</i>plants of<i>Petiveria alliacea</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.820673',18,'https://openalex.org/W2139353302','In this work, the volatile compounds extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction as well as the volatile constituents by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from different structures (in vitro and ex vitro roots, leaves, and inflorescence) of Petiveria alliacea were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Forty-one different compounds were identified. Differences were observed between plant structures and origin (either in or ex vitro). However, sulfur compounds were common to all samples, like bis(phenyl-methyl)-disulfyde, isothiazole (1,2-thiazole), 2-thiopropane, dimethyl sulphyde, ethylene disulfyde, and 2,3-dimethyl-thiirane. In vitro plant roots exhibited higher chemical diversity among the analyzed plant structures. Substances found in all analyzed structures of P. alliacea by SPME were benzaldehyde, calamenene and the hydrocarbons dodecane, tridecane, and tetradecane.'),(1543,'10.1080/10412905.2013.820674','Cytotoxic activity of Asteraceae and Verbenaceae family essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.820674',28,'https://openalex.org/W2100355593','Thirty-six essential oils from Verbenaceae and Asteraceae family plants along with their major constituents were evaluated to determine cytotoxicity on Jurkat, HeLa, HepG2 and Vero cell lines. The plants were collected in different regions of Colombia, and their essential oils were extracted through microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and then characterized through GC/MS and GC/FID analyses. Cytotoxic activity testing was carried out using a tetrazolium-dye (MTT) assay. The essential oils from Lippia alba Citral and Carvone chemotypes showed the lowest IC50 and selectivity index (IS) > 10. The essential oils from Asteraceae family were not selective against the tumor cell lines tested. Citral chemotype L. alba essential oils showed values up to 27.2, and Carvone chemotype L. alba essential oils showed values up to 30.7. Citral, showed the highest cytotoxic activity, with an SI value of 1241, and Limonene and Linalool showed SI values of 6.97 and 10.1, respectively, on HeLa cells.'),(1544,'10.1080/10412905.2013.822430','Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from<i>Alpinia galanga</i>Willd. (L.) and<i>A. officinarum</i>Hance rhizomes from North East India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.822430',41,'https://openalex.org/W2014813379','Chemical profiles of essential oils isolated from the rhizomes of two Alpinia species, Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. and Alpinia officinarum Hance from North East India, were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry. Major compounds identified in the oils of A. galanga and A. officinarum were 1,8-cineole (63.4 and 44.2%), α-terpineol (2.8 and 6.3%), α-pinene (1.9 and 2.0%), β-pinene (0.8 and 5.7%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.8 and 4.5%), respectively. Some additional compounds identified in A. officinarum oil were camphor (4.0%) and α-fenchyl acetate (8.9%), while chavicol (0.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (8.4%), β-sesquiphellandrene (2.6%), β-bisabolene (0.3%), and eugenol acetate (3.3%) were present in A. galanga oil. 1,8-Cineole is an important aromatic chemical reported to possess expectorant, antiseptic, and anesthetic properties and is used widely in pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, there is a promising possibility to utilize these plant species for industrial purpose.'),(1545,'10.1080/10412905.2013.822431','Essential oil composition of <i>Sphagneticola trilobata</i> (L.) Pruski from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.822431',29,'https://openalex.org/W1980777665','This study aimed to explore the potential of an invasive alien species, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) Pruski, that grows in foothill region of northern India. The volatile oil from the aerial parts of S. trilobata was isolated by hydrodistillation method and analysed using capillary gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) during different seasons. Volatile oil yield varied from 0.18 to 0.25% in different seasons, with the maximum in winter season. Altogether, 43 constituents, representing 96.1â97.3% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the oils were α-pinene (78.6â83.3%), α-phellandrene (1.3â4.1%), sabinene (1.4â1.9%), limonene (1.2â1.9%), β-pinene (1.0â1.6%), camphene (0.7â2.0%), 10-nor-calamenen-10-one (<0.05â1.5%), germacrene D (0.1â1.4%) and γ-amorphene (<0.05â1.3%). The comparative results showed no big differences in the oil composition of this plant due to season of collection. It is concluded that the S. trilobata population grown in this region could be utilized as a potential source of industrial molecule, α-pinene.'),(1546,'10.1080/10412905.2013.827478','Essential oils from Bolivia. XII. Asteraceae:<i>Ophryosporus piquerioides</i>(D.C.) Benth. ex Baker','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.827478',18,'https://openalex.org/W2024113330','The essential oils of two samples of Ophryosporus piquerioides (D.C.) Benth. ex Baker growing wild in Bolivia were analyzed to determine their chemical composition. These samples were collected at two different periods of the year and although the same components appear in both samples, the relative percentages show an important variation. Davanone and its isomer isodavanone, (E)-nerolidol and caryophyllene oxide are the main components in both samples A and B: 65 and 30%, respectively. Camphor, borneol, and bornyl acetate are important minor components: 8.0 and 14.2%, respectively. Camphene (2.0 and 2.4%) and β-caryophyllene (3.3 and 6.1%) are the main hydrocarbon compounds. However, the four davana ethers are observed in sample A: almost 7%. Only traces of these compounds are observed in sample B. Finally, 6α-hydroxygermacra-1(10),4-diene and β-davanon-2-ol are noticeable products in sample B (3.1 and 1.9%).'),(1547,'10.1080/10412905.2013.828323','Chemical composition of essential oils of Algerian<i>Myrtus communis</i>and chiral analysis of their leave volatiles','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.828323',9,'https://openalex.org/W2085839145','The essential oils of leaves and twigs of Myrtus communis with black and white fruits were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaves were rich in essential oil (0.77â0.94%) than the twigs (0.05%). More than forty compounds were identified in each leaf essential oils, the major compounds were α-pinene/1,8-cineol with different percent compositions (33.4/42.4%) and (39.3/33.3%) in M. communis with white and black fruits, respectively. Thirty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oils of the twigs among which the main compounds were p-cymene (17.7%), α-pinene (10.8%), 1,8-cineol (13.5%), and limonene (10.7%). While the volatile fraction of M. communis leaves having white fruits extracted by HS-SPME was characterized by high content of limonene (almost 29%), those with black fruits were dominated by cis-β-terpineol (ca. 29%). The enantiomeric ratio of monoterpenes present in the headspace of all M. communis samples determined using enantioselective gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed (+)/(â)-α-pinene ratio close to 95/5% and exclusive presence of (+)-antipode for limonene.'),(1548,'10.1080/10412905.2013.828324','Volatile fraction composition and biological activities of the leaves, bark and fruits of Caucasian wingnut from Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.828324',11,'https://openalex.org/W2049668625','As a result of GC/MS and GC/FID analysis of the volatile fractions obtained from the leaves, bark, and fruits of Caucasian wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia L.), 22, 31, and 33 compounds were identified in which aromadendrene (26.3%), biotol (37.8%), and caryophyllene (15.2%) were the main constituents of these oils, respectively. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays and total phenolis contents of extracts were measured using FolinâCiocalteu method. Among the extracts, bark extract had highest amount of total phenolic content (â¼179.5 μg mgâ1) and highest free radical scavenging activity (IC50=â¼17.9 μg mLâ1) in DPPH assay and leaves extract showed highest antioxidant capacity (84.1% inhibition) in β-carotene/linoleic acid test. All the three extracts showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. dysenteriae and all volatile fractions showed potent antimicrobial activities against S. epidermidis in both disc diffusion and micro-well dilution tests. The examined samples had low cytotoxic effects based on brine-shrimp lethality assay.'),(1549,'10.1080/10412905.2013.828325','Comparative analysis of the essential oils of<i>Valeriana hardwickii</i>Wall. from Vietnam and<i>Valeriana officinalis</i>L. from Austria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.828325',9,'https://openalex.org/W2077675045','The volatile compounds from roots, stems, and leaves of Valeriana hardwickii and Valeriana officinalis were obtained by microdistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and gas chromatographyâmass spectometry (GCâMS). In V. hardwickii, sixty-two, thirty-one, and thirty-one components were identified representing 90, 90, and 92% of total oil in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. The major compounds in the root oil were camphene (12.9%), bornyl acetate (17.6%), and maaliol (10.6%), while borneol (6.2%), trans-anethole (32.7%), and maaliol (6.3%) were the dominant components in the stem oil and camphene (12.6%), bornyl acetate (15.0%), and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.2%) were the principal components in the leaf oil. In V. officinalis, bornyl acetate (7.8%), δ-elemene (9.3%), and valerenal (14.7%) were the dominant components in the roots among fifty-four compounds identified which accounted for 80% of the total oil. In contrast to V. hardwickii, the stems and roots of V. officinalis contained very small amounts of essential oil and consequently, only a few compounds were identified in the leaves and none could be detected in the stems.'),(1550,'10.1080/10412905.2013.828326','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of<i>Teucrium polium</i>essential oil against urinary isolates of<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.828326',26,'https://openalex.org/W1997541106','AbstractThe alarming resistance of many bacterial pathogens to most available antibiotics has increased interest in natural plant products as alternative antibacterial agents. In this research, the antibacterial activity of Teucrium polium essential oil was determined against urinary isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The aerial parts of T. polium were collected at full flowering stage in Tehran, Iran. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographyâmass spectometry (GCâMS) Antibacterial activity was measured against fifteen clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations were also determined using broth microdilution. Twenty constituents were detected in T. polium essential oil of which the major components were β-caryophyllene (29%), farnesene (13%), β-pinene (11%) followed by germacrene D (6.5%) and α-pinene (5.5%). All K. pneumoniae clinical test isolates were susceptible to the essential oil by disc diffusion with inhibition zones within the range of 14â28.5 mm. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration values were 0.62â1.25 mg/ml and confirmed the disc test results. T. polium essential oil may have a potential for use against multidrug resistant organisms such as clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.Keywords: essential oilTeucrium poliumAntibacterial activityKlebsiella pneumoniae AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank Shahid Beheshti University Research Council for providing a special grant to finance this research.'),(1551,'10.1080/10412905.2013.828327','Scents from Brazilian Cerrado: chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of<i>Hyptis villosa</i>Pohl ex Benth (Lamiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.828327',6,'https://openalex.org/W2133065584','The chemical composition of the essential oil from Hyptis villosa (Lamiaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The study allowed the identification of 35 compounds corresponding to 96.2% of the total essential oil. It was composed mainly by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (59.0%) and hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (36.0%). Spathulenol (17.3%), kessane (9.1%), epi-α-cadinol (8.9%), and bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) were the major components.'),(1552,'10.1080/10412905.2013.829004','Evaluation of several<i>Rosa damascena</i>varieties and<i>Rosa bourboniana</i>accession for essential oil content and composition in western Himalayas','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.829004',25,'https://openalex.org/W1967063576','Field experiments were conducted at CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India, to study the performance of different varieties of rose oil species in western Himalayas. Five varieties of Rosa damascena, namely Indica, Jwala, Super jwala, Himroz, Hot himroz and one accession of Rosa bourboniana were investigated for essential oil content and chemical composition. The rose oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus and the components in the oil were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analysis of volatile compounds. The essential oil content of the varieties of R. damascena varied from 0.037% to 0.051% and that of R. bourboniana was 0.017%. Super jwala recorded the highest oil content (0.051%). A total of 32 components were identified in the different varieties of rose oil. These components constituted 78.1â93.5% of the total rose oil species. The main components of rose oil were citronellol + nerol (16.3â30.1%), geraniol (15.8â29.3%), linalool (0.7â1.9%), rose oxide (0.9â2.6%), phenyl ethyl alcohol (0.1â0.4%), eugenol (0.3â2.2%), nonadecane (7.3â14.7%). The content of citronellol + nerol (30.1%) and geraniol (29.3%) was the highest in Himroz compared with other varieties.'),(1553,'10.1080/10412905.2013.829006','Comparative antiproliferative activities of wood and seeds essential oils of<i>Juniperus oxycedrus</i>L. against K562 human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.829006',7,'https://openalex.org/W2059586933','The species Juniperus oxycedrus L. is a member of Cupressaceae family. The chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of wood and seeds essential oils of J. oxycedrus, grown wild in Lebanon, were evaluated in order to investigate whether these products could be used as sources of functional compounds. The most abundant components of the seeds essential oils were α-pinene, β-myrcene, limonene and δ-cadinene, while wood oil components included δ-cadinene, cis-thujopsene, Ï-muurolol, widdrol, epi-cubenol, β-caryophyllene and α-calacorene. Both wood and seeds essential oils inhibited the proliferation of K562 cell line with ic50 values of 39.8±2.7 and 147.7±3.6 μg/mL, respectively. The J. oxycedrus wood oil showed erythroid differentiation of 16.0±2.0% at a concentration of 5 μg/mL, while the seeds essential oil showed erythroid differentiation of 25.0±2.8% at a concentration of 50 μg/mL.'),(1554,'10.1080/10412905.2013.829007','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of<i>Callistemon speciosus</i>(Sims) DC. leaves from Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.829007',6,'https://openalex.org/W2036977648','AbstractThe essential oil from the leaves of Callistemon speciosus (Sims) DC. grown in Cuba was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Eighty-eight compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99.8% of the total composition. The major components were 1,8-cineole (57.0%) and α-terpineol (20.4%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil was studied against five bacteria strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) using the disc diffusion method. All the bacteria tested were susceptible to the C. speciosus essential oil.Keywords: Callistemon speciosusessential oilgas chromatographyâmass spectrometryantibacterial activity1,8-cineoleα-terpineol'),(1555,'10.1080/10412905.2013.840807','Chemical composition and seasonal variation of<i>Cryptomeria fortunei</i>essential oil from China','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.840807',3,'https://openalex.org/W1986412147','AbstractThe essential oils of composition obtained from the leaves of Cryptomeria fortunei, collected at different seasons in Wuhan (China), were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Fifty constituents were identified, constituting 92.3â97.7% of the essential oils. Our results showed that seasonal differences did not have an effect on the composition of oils but on the amount of oil components. The main components of the oil were kaur-16-ene (30.9â42.4%), elemol (16.8â18.9%), α-eudesmol (7.4â13.6%), α-pinene (1.9â8.0%) and γ-eudesmol (4.0â7.5%). On the basis of the results obtained, some suggestions are made concerning the optimal season for the C. fortunei oils.Keywords: Cryptomeria fortuneiessential oil compositionseasonal variationkaur-16-eneelemol AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2010PY065). We thank Hong Cheng (Science & Technology Analytical and Testing Center of Huazhong University) for assistance in the GCâMS analysis.'),(1556,'10.1080/10412905.2013.840809','Chemical composition and biological activities of<i>Bocageopsis multiflora</i>essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.840809',17,'https://openalex.org/W1988450506','AbstractThis article describes, for the first time, the chemical constituents of the essential oils from fresh leaves of Bocageopsis multiflora, collected in two seasons, and some of its biological activities. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (MS) and showed a high proportion of sesquiterpenes. The main constituent of the oil collected in the rainy season was bisabolene (13.2%), while the main constituent in the dry season was spathulenol (16.2%). The highest yield (0.3%) was obtained for the oil collected in the rainy season, which was assayed against Leishmania amazonensis promastigote forms, exhibiting significant activity (IC50 of 14.6 μg/mL). Comparison between the oil and the reference drug (pentamidine isethionate) showed non-toxic effects for mice peritoneal macrophages treated at IC50 of each sample. The results obtained in the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time tests indicated that the oil acted as a procoagulant, causing activation of coagulation in both pathways.Keywords: AnnonaceaeBocageopsis multifloraessential oilsesquiterpenesleishmaniasis AcknowledgementsThe authors thank the platform PDTIS-FIOCRUZ for the use of its facilities. E.S.C.O. thanks fellowship from CAPES. This work was financially supported by FAPEAM (PPP and PIPT).'),(1557,'10.1080/10412905.2013.840810','Efficiency of various plant essential oils in stabilization of canola oil and of its purified triacylglycerols','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.840810',6,'https://openalex.org/W2148884603','In this study, the efficacy of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and bay (Laurus nobilis) essential oils in stabilizing canola oil and its purified triacylglycerols (TAGs) during accelerated storage was investigated. β-carotene bleaching test, 2,2â²-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging test and conjugated diene tests indicated the antioxidant activity of thyme to be comparable with that of synthetic antioxidants. In oven test, thyme was most effective in decreasing the conjugated diene (CD) content, peroxide value (PV) and the p-anisidine value (AV) of canola oil, being followed by rosemary and sage. The lowest specific extinction (K232 and K270) values during oxidation of essential oils supplemented TAGs were also obtained for thyme. The induction periods of canola oil increased slightly with essential oils. Protection factors were in the range of 1.10â1.19 at 110°C, while the protection factors were high (1.01â4.08) in triacylglycerols at 80°C. Based on the results, thyme was found to be suitable for the stabilization of vegetable oils.'),(1558,'10.1080/10412905.2013.840811','Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of<i>Lindera strychnifolia</i>leaf essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.840811',5,'https://openalex.org/W1971107009','The cytotoxic activities of Lindera strychnifolia essential oil on nine human cell lines and the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells were determined. Cytotoxicities of leaf oil were examined on the human carcinoma cell lines (Eca-109, HepG2, HT29, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, SGC7901, SW1990 and U2-OS) and a normal cell line (HL-7702) using the MTT assay. Apoptotic effects of leaf oil on HepG2 cells were investigated using Hoechst 33258 staining, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Also, cytotoxicities of four compounds from the essential oil were studied. Our results showed that leaf essential oil exhibited significant cytotoxicity against all the cells tested with a potential selectivity for cancerous cells. The lowest IC50 of 22.68±1.19 μg/mL was measured for HepG2. The anticancer mechanism of leaf essential oil on HepG2 cells involved induction of apoptosis. Also, geraniol and bornyl acetate exhibited some cytotoxicity. The data suggest that leaf essential oil of L. strychnifolia could be a potential medicinal resource in cancer therapy.'),(1559,'10.1080/10412905.2013.851039','Volatile constituents of five species of<i>Portlandia</i>(Rubiaceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.851039',3,'https://openalex.org/W2169620942','Portlandia (Rubiaceae) is a genus endemic to Jamaica. The volatile organic constituents of P. albiflora, P. coccinea, P. grandiflora, P. latifolia and P. proctorii were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with capillary mass spectrometry. The main constituents detected in these species are 1-penten-3-one, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, linalool, borneol and methyl salicylate. All species are rich in aliphatic aldehydes, mainly represented by (E)-2-hexenal, that range from 17% (P. latifolia) to 90% (P. coccinea) of total volatiles. The high content of aldehydes is characteristic to Portlandia species and may serve as a chemical marker to differentiate Portlandia from related genera within the Rubiaceae.'),(1560,'10.1080/10412905.2013.860410','Essential oil of the leaves of<i>Hibiscus surattensis</i>L. from Nigeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860410',18,'https://openalex.org/W2027052562','The phytochemical analysis of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Hibiscus surattensis L. (Malvaceae) is being reported. The oil, analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), was dominated by monoterpenes (34.1%) and sesquiterpene compounds (41.2%). The major oil constituents were β-caryophyllene (12.9%), menthol (10.6%), methyl salicylate (9.7%) and camphor (9.2%). There were significant amounts of germacrene D (5.5%), hexadecanoic acid (4.3%), α-humulene (4.0%), 1, 8-cineole (3.0%) and menthone (3.0%). This is the first report on the volatile compounds of H. surattensis.'),(1561,'10.1080/10412905.2013.860412','Chemical composition and bioactivity of<i>Thymus daenensis</i>Celak (Lamiaceae) essential oil against two lepidopteran stored-product insects','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860412',25,'https://openalex.org/W1976675022','Chemical composition of the Thymus daenensis essential oil and its toxicity was investigated against the first and third instar larvae and adults of Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella. Chemical composition of the volatile oil was studied by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Carvacrol (37.0%), thymol (12.8%), β-caryophyllene (7.6%), and geraniol (5.74) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. In fumigant toxicity, the adult stage of E. kuehniella and P. interpunctella (lc50 values of 0.191 and 0.27 μL/L, respectively) were more sensitive to T. daenensis essential oil than first and third instar larvae. In both pests, sensitivity of larvae decreased from first to third instar larvae. However, the first instar larvae of E. kuehniella (lc50=16.30 μL/L) was more sensitive to T. daenensis essential oil than P. interpunctella (lc50=25.32 μL/L) but sensitivity of the third instar larvae of E. kuehniella (lc50=44830 μL/L) was less than P. interpunctella (lc50=3480 μL/L). Repellency of the essential oil in both species was proportional to essential oil concentration. Adults of E. kuehniella with an rc50 value of 0.69 μL/L were more sensitive to repellent effect of the essential oil than adults of P. interpunctella with rc50 value of 6.88 μL/L.'),(1562,'10.1080/10412905.2013.860413','Comparative analysis of α- and β-thujone in the essential oil and supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>extract of sage (<i>Salvia officinalis</i>L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.860413',12,'https://openalex.org/W2041940870','Salvia officinalis L. (Sage) is an important industrial plant used both for food and pharmaceutical purposes. The terpene fraction of this plant, which contains thujones and other mono and sesquiterpenoids, is responsible for many of its therapeutic and culinary properties. We used two extraction methods [hydrodistillation (HD) to obtain the essential oil (EO), and supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE)] to analyze by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) the terpene fraction extracted from sage dried leaves. α-Thujone, β-thujone and other oxygenated monoterpenes (1,8-cineole, linalool, camphor, borneol and bornyl acetate) as well as hydrocarbon (β-caryophyllene and α-humulene) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene oxide, viridiflorol, humulene epoxide II and III) were found. The EO contained a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of 1,8-cineole (10.4%), α-thujone (17.3%) and camphor (29.2%), whereas supercritical fluid (SF) extracts contained a significantly higher percentage of borneol (8.4%), bornyl acetate (2.2%), α-humulene (6.4%), viridiflorol (22.1%), humulene epoxide II and III (2.4% and 0.4%), and some unidentified sesquiterpene alcohols. Both EO and SF extracts contained equal amounts of β-thujone (4.8%) and β-caryophyllene (~7%). Our results show that HD of EO is a more efficient and economic method for α- and β-thujone extraction.'),(1563,'10.1080/10412905.2013.868329','Composition of garlic essential oil (<i>Allium sativum</i>L.) as influenced by drying method','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.868329',81,'https://openalex.org/W2097469581','Air-, oven- and freeze-dried garlic bulbs were hydrodistilled and the resulting essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest yields were 0.6 and 0.5% (w/w) for freeze- and oven-dried samples, respectively. The essential oils were characterized by a high amount of sulfur compounds (84.3â98.9%) with diallyl trisulfide (37.3â45.9%), diallyl disulfide (17.5â35.6%) and methyl allyl trisulfide (7.7â10.4%) being the major components. Remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences between the investigated oils owing to the drying procedure were found and a set of marker components was established to differentiate between them.'),(1564,'10.1080/10412905.2013.868330','Essential oil composition from leaves of<i>Heracleum candicans</i>Wall.: a sustainable method for extraction','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.868330',12,'https://openalex.org/W2148342463','Heracleum candicans Wall. (Apiaceae) is an important endangered aromatic species, exploited commercially with a destructive harvesting system from its natural habitat. We cultivated a wild strain of H. candicans, harvested leaves for extraction of essential oil and analyzed them. Twenty-eight compounds were identified from essential oil using gas chromatographyâflame ionization detection (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analysis. These compounds are very useful for the pharmaceutical, flavor and fragrance industries. Harvesting of the leaves for the production of essential oil is a sustainable method compared with uprooting plants. Being a perennial species, leaves can be harvested every year, as the aerial parts of the plant regenerate easily and farmers need not worry about planting every year.'),(1565,'10.1080/10412905.2013.871671','An examination of the leaf essential oils of three<i>Eugenia</i>(Myrtaceae) species endemic to New Caledonia','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.871671',7,'https://openalex.org/W2153171616','The leaf essential oils of three Eugenia species, E. gacognei Montrouz., E. horizontalis Pancher ex Brongn. & Gris and E. noumeensis Guillaumin, have been examined. Eugenia gacognei was a variable species that contained significant amounts of aromatic ethers, with either 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-3,5-dimethyl-acetophenone [1] (36.8% in one collection) or a mixture of 6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxy-3-methyl-acetophenone [2] (59.6%) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-acetophenone [3] (12.7%) in a second collection being the principal components. The remainders of the oil were mixtures of mono- and sesquiterpenes. Eugenia horizontalis gave a terpenoid oil in which the principal components were globulol (18.9%) and spathulenol (14.5%). Eugenia noumeensis also gave a terpenoid oil, with monoterpenes predominating and the major components being 1,8-cineole (47.6%), α-terpineol (10.9%) and α-pinene (7.7%).'),(1566,'10.1080/10412905.2014.1001526','Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of<i>Artemisia sieberi</i>oils from different parts of Iran and France','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.1001526',21,'https://openalex.org/W1990823995','Artemisia sieberi Besser (Asteraceae) is locally known as âdermanehâ in Iran. It is traditionally used for treatment of different ailments. Thirteen samples of A. sieberi essential oils from Iran and France were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The antimicrobial activities of A. sieberi oils and their main components were evaluated against some food pathogens by disc diffusion and microbroth dilution assays. Their antioxidant activities were also evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. The results of chemical composition analysis of A. sieberi essential oils showed the presence of β-thujone (0â11.6%), camphor (2.8-42.9%), 1,8-cineole (0.0-48.7%) and α-thujone (0-62.1%). The results of antimicrobial evaluations showed that all essential oils had the same antimicrobial activity and the most sensitive microorganisms to A. sieberi oils were Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Aspergillus niger was the most resistant one to A. sieberi oils. The antimicrobial activities of α-thujone, camphor and 1,8-cineole were stronger than that of A. sieberi oils. There was a significant difference among the antioxidant activities of essential oils. The antioxidant activity of 1,8-cineole was higher than the other main components.'),(1567,'10.1080/10412905.2014.1001527','Agronomical evaluation of Sicilian biotypes of<i>Lavandula stoechas</i>L. spp.<i>stoechas</i>and analysis of the essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.1001527',29,'https://openalex.org/W2046310893','The aim of this study was to characterize wild lavender, which was collected in three different areas of Sicily (Italy), according to agronomic and chemical evaluation. The collection sites were located in Pantelleria island, Partinico (a warm sub-area of Lauretum) and Castelbuono (a middle sub-area of Lauretum). All the populations were identified as Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). GCâFID and GCâMS analyses permitted the identification of 101 components from the essential oils. We analyzed only the flowers and leaves of L. stoechas and the samples were analyzed using the PCA (principal component analysis) methodology regarding the chemical composition of the essential oils. Comparisons were carried out between the chemical compositions of essential oils from Sicilian populations and other Mediterranean populations. The essential oils of Sicilian L. stoechas biotypes were fenchone chemotype with percentages ranging from 45.29% to 60.27%. The qualitative chemical composition of the essential oils varied according to the different areas of origin of the plant material. Sicilian biotypes of L. stoechas showed high differences in chemical composition compared with the populations coming from other Mediterranean areas.'),(1568,'10.1080/10412905.2014.882277','<i>Nectandra megapotamica</i>(Spreng.) Mez.: phytochemical characterization and neutralizing effect on<i>Bothrops diporus</i>venom','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.882277',17,'https://openalex.org/W1996484421','Antisnake activity of extracts and essential oil of Nectandra megapotamica was tested in vitro against the Bothrops diporus venom (yarará chica). Inhibitory activity of the hemolytic action on the aqueous extract and essential oil; inhibition of the procoagulant action on hexanic extract and condensed water from steam distillation; and inhibition of the proteolytic activity on alcoholic extract and condensed water was found. In all cases, the main antisnake venom activity was found on plant material collected in the autumn. The chemical composition of the N. megapotamica essential oil was characterized during different vegetative states finding a clear predominance of mono- (21.0â31.7) and sesquiterpene (58.5â68.9) hydrocarbons. The differences found with previous results published for this species, growing in other geographic places, opens the option for the existence of chemical types.'),(1569,'10.1080/10412905.2014.882278','Essential oil characteristics of wild Sicilian oregano populations in relation to environmental conditions','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.882278',32,'https://openalex.org/W1994662579','A study was carried out on the essential oil of Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart taken from thirteen wild populations found in different parts of Sicily, Italy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship that exists between essentials oil extracted from Sicilian wild populations of O. vulgare ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart and various weather/climate and topographic factors in order to provide more information on aspects that influence the production potential of this species. The essential oils from the samples were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a combination of gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS); seventy-one components were fully identified, however, three main components were characteristic of the examined samples accounting for a significant amount of all oils: thymol (24.0â54.4%), γ-terpinene (9.8â30.5%) and p-cymene (5.2â18.7%). Analyses highlighted a different qualitative and quantitative essential oil composition compared with other wild populations in the Mediterranean area and in relation to the different weather/climate and topographic characteristics of the collection sites. These differences are probably due to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, which influence secondary metabolite biosynthesis: the basis of essential oils.'),(1570,'10.1080/10412905.2014.882279','Anti-dermatophyte, anti-<i>Fusarium</i>and cytotoxic activity of essential oils and plant extracts of<i>Piper</i>genus','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.882279',23,'https://openalex.org/W2005565822','Interest in medicinal and aromatic plants as a source of antimicrobial drugs has emerged, mainly due to increased resistance of infectious agents. In this study, the antifungal and cytotoxic activity of thirteen essential oils and nine extracts of plants of the genus Piper, from Colombia, were evaluated. The Piper hispidum Sw oil showed activity against the multi-resistant fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Six samples showed strong activity against dermatophytes, being Piper bogotense the most active, followed by P. hispidum. The oils from Piper hispidum, Piper coruscans, Piper marginatum and Piper cf. divaricatum, and the extract from Piper sanctifelicis, were not cytotoxic, unlike Piper bredemeyeri, Piper eriopodon and Piper bogotense oils, which exhibited significant cytotoxicity. The main components of the most active samples showed the presence of trans-β-caryophyllene. In addition, caryophyllene oxide, β-pinene and α-pinene were present in most antifungal oils at different concentrations. These results confirm the anti-mycotic potential of essential oils of the Piper genus against the most pathogenic fungi, as well as against important dermatological fungi.'),(1571,'10.1080/10412905.2014.889048','Essential oil composition of four<i>Ocimum</i>species and varieties growing in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.889048',13,'https://openalex.org/W2152078019','The essential oils of Ocimum ciliatum Hornem, Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens Benth, Ocimum basilicum var. dianatnejadii Salimi and Ocimum minimum L. from aerial parts of plants grown in Iran were obtained by hydro-distillation and examined by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). In total, twenty-eight, thirty-two, twenty-five and thirty-four constituents were identified and quantified in O. ciliatum, O. basilicum var. purpurascens, O. basilicum var. dianatnejadii and O. minimum, representing 93.9â98.5% of the total oils, respectively. Methyl chavicol (30.3%), geranial (23.0%), neral (16.8%) and methyl eugenol (5%) were the major components in the oil of O. ciliatum. Methyl chavicol (43.0%) and linalool (28.9%) were identified as the major compounds in the oil of O. basilicum var. purpurascens, while methyl chavicol (37.6%), linalool (33.4%) and α-cadinol (5.7%) were the major constituents in the oil of O. basilicum var. dianatnejadii. The essential oil of O. minimum was rich geranyl acetate (45.6%) and linalool (25.6%).'),(1572,'10.1080/10412905.2014.889050','Dry and wet seasons set the phytochemical profile of the<i>Copaifera langsdorffii</i>Desf. essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.889050',17,'https://openalex.org/W2155360283','Dry and wet seasons present in different formations on the Cerrado domain are capable of promoting alterations in the composition of volatile compounds (terpenes) in the essential oil from copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffi Desf.). Different ecophysiological conditions of regions and climatic change could be important factors in modifying the chemical profile of terpenes and the yields from essential oil. Copaiba plants from semideciduous seasonal forests show differences into the phytochemical profile obtained in dry and wet seasons, with presence of monoterpenes alpha-thujene, o-cymene, (Z)-beta-ocimene, (E)-beta-ocimene, gamma-terpinene and terpinolene in point 1 (in the wet season), while Cerrado strictu sensu did not show significant differences in chemical composition of volatile compounds (only alpha-cadinol and seychellene showed significant differences). Nevertheless, sesquiterpenes trans-caryophyllene, gamma-cadinene, delta-cadinene, germacrene B and the oxygenated sesquiterpene caryophyllene oxide did not shown any significant differences in the essential oil composition among different points, independent of seasonality.'),(1573,'10.1080/10412905.2014.891264','Leaf essential oil composition of<i>Inula cuspidata</i>(Wall. ex DC.) C.B. Clarke from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.891264',9,'https://openalex.org/W2035327165','The hydrodistilled leaf essential oil of Inula cuspidata (Wall. ex DC) C.B. Clarke was investigated using capillary gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). A total of fifty-two constituents, representing 83.4% of the total oil composition were identified. The oil was mainly dominated by sesquiterpenoids (78.1%) with small amounts of monoterpenoids (3.0%) and benzenoid components (2.7%). The major constituents of the essential oil were presilphiperfolan-8-ol (17.4%), ar-curcumene (17.0%), (E)-β-farnesene (8.2%), isoledene (6.7%), presilphiperfol-7-ene (5.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (4.1%), silphiperfol-6-ene (3.8%), silphinene (3.0%), cameroonal-7-α-ol (2.6%), α-pinene (1.8%) and silphiperfol-5-ene (1.5%). Characteristic of the I. cuspidata leaf oil was the presence of rare tricyclic sesquiterpenoids in larger amounts. To the best of our knowledge, at least forty-five constituents were identified for the first time in I. cuspidata leaf essential oil.'),(1574,'10.1080/10412905.2014.910710','Composition of essential oil peppermint cultivated with methanolic extract of<i>Leonurus sibiricus</i>L. leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.910710',1,'https://openalex.org/W1972150433','The invasive plant Leonurus sibiricus L. is known for the production of terpenoids and phenolic substances that exert allelopathic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of an L. sibiricus extract on the chemical composition of Mentha x piperita L. essential oils cultivated in a nutrient solution. The methanolic extract from L. sibiricus was tested at three different concentrations, 25, 50 or 100 mg/L, in hydroponically grown M. x piperita. The chemical compositions of the essential oils from the M. x piperita plant were evaluated at different times. The results showed that at all concentrations levels, menthol was the major component of the essential oil, comprising 35.2% (average percentage) of the oil components. Menthol and menthyl acetate showed some interesting divergent patterns; the presence of menthol was higher in the plants cultivated with 25 mg/L of the methanolic extract of L. sibiricus leaves, and the presence of menthyl acetate correlated with cultivation of the plants in 50 and 100 mg/L of the extract. The concentration of the methanolic extract of L. sibiricus leaves that was applied to the M. x piperita plants influenced the levels of the components in the essential oil.'),(1575,'10.1080/10412905.2014.910712','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of<i>Licaria triandra</i>(Sw.) Kosterm. leaves from Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.910712',3,'https://openalex.org/W2094089790','The essential oil from leaves of Licaria triandra (Sw.) Kosterm., grown in Cuba, was isolated by hydrodistillation, and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred and thirty-six compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99% of the total composition. The major constituents of the essential oil were β-pinene (18.2%), α-pinene (14.8%) and β-eudesmol (11.4%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil was studied against five bacteria strains (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli) using the disk diffusion method. The essential oil showed weak activity against the bacteria tested.'),(1576,'10.1080/10412905.2014.917338','Essential oil composition of the endemic species<i>Pycnocycla bashagardiana</i>Mozaff','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.917338',4,'https://openalex.org/W2033963933','The essential oil content in the aerial parts of the endemic species Pycnocycla bashagardiana growing wild in the south of Iran was found to be 1.1% based on the fresh weight. The oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Forty-six constituents, representing 98.1% of the oil, were identified. The major components of the oil were myristicin (18.6%), cis-isomyristicin (15.3%), E-β-ocimene (11.6%), Z-β-ocimene (6.5%), sabinene (4.8%) and intermedeol (4.0%).'),(1577,'10.1080/10412905.2014.922507','Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon rich essential oils of<i>Caryopteris odorata</i>(D. Don) Robin.: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.922507',7,'https://openalex.org/W1964711340','AbstractThe stem, leaf and flower essential oils of Caryopteris odorata (D. Don) Robin. were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). A total of forty-two compounds were identified, comprising 97.8% of stem, 99.8% of leaf and 94.9% of flower oil. All three oils were found to be dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. Interestingly, isomeric longipinenes, which occur rarely in the lower plants, were the major constituents of stem and flower oils. The in vitro antioxidant potential of stem, leaf and flower oils was assessed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, iron chelating and reducing power methods. Leaf oil showed good reducing power (ascorbic acid equivalent, ASE 2.2 ± 0.0) and good DPPH radical scavenging activity (ic50 1.1 ± 0.8). Antimicrobial activity of stem, leaf and flower oils was tested against one Gram-positive, four Gram-negative bacteria and two fungal strains at different concentrations using the well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration values of the oils for all microorganisms were in the range 1.7 ± 0.6 to 16.7 ± 0.6 mm and 5â70 μL/mL, respectively.Keywords: Caryopteris odorataessential oilantioxidant activityantibacterial activitylongipinenes AcknowledgementsOne of the authors (DS) is grateful to Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi for INSPIRE fellowship and financial support. The authors are grateful to Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun, India, for plant identification and the Department of Chemistry, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, for providing facility for antioxidant activity.'),(1578,'10.1080/10412905.2014.922508','Essential oil compositions of summer savory under foliar application of jasmonic acid and salicylic acid','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.922508',22,'https://openalex.org/W2169347332','AbstractJasmonic acid (JA) and its volatile methyl ester (MJ) are regarded as endogenous regulators that play important roles in regulating stress responses, plant growth and development. Salicylic acid (SA) has been identified as an important signaling element involved in establishing the local and systemic disease resistance response of plants after pathogen attack. Growth, oil yield and chemical components of Satureja hortensis L. grown in greenhouse conditions were investigated. Experimental treatments, included (i) water foliar application, (ii) water + ethanol foliar application, (iiiâv) 50, 100, and 200 μL JA and (viâix) 50, 100, and 200 M SA. The hydro-distilled oil yields of studied treatments ranged between 0.74 and 0.91 mL/100 g dry matter. The major components of the oil were carvacrol, γ-terpinene, (Z)-β-ocimene, α-pinene, and α-terpinene. The result indicated that different levels of JA and SA had significant impacts on chemical components of S. hortensis oils, whereas they had no significant effects on oil yield and dry herbage. Foliar application of 50 μL SA increased monoterpene hydrocarbons in S. hortensis oil, whereas oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes decreased. Finally, some of secondary metabolites in S. hortensis could be partially changed by supplementation of different elicitors.Keywords: Satureja hortensis Lsalicylic acidjasmonic acidmonoterpene hydrocarbons'),(1579,'10.1080/10412905.2014.922509','<i>Kadsura oblongifolia</i>Merr. leaves, stem bark and root bark essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.922509',3,'https://openalex.org/W2047347359','Essential oils of Kadsura oblongifolia Merr. (Schisandraceae) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC coupled with mass spectrometry (GCâMS). Sixty, sixty-four and twenty-four compounds representing 99.4%, 90.5% and 99.8% of the total oil contents were identified, respectively, from the leaf, stem and root oil. Leaf oil contained cis-cadina-1,4-diene (22.6%), α-pinene (6.7%), α-amorphene (5.6%), cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one (5.2%) and δ-cadinene (5.2%), while the stem bark contained α-coapene (20.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and 1,8-cineole (7.3%). The main constituents of the root were β-caryophyllene (24.9%), α-humulene (12.1%), β-selinene (8.5%) and α-amorphene (8.0%).'),(1580,'10.1080/10412905.2014.922510','Geographical impact on essential oil composition of <i>Limnophila rugosa</i> (Roth.) Merr.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.922510',4,'https://openalex.org/W1974544665','Limnophila rugosa (Roth.) Merr. is an important Indian traditional medicinal plant, used for the treatment of various diseases. Fragrant volatile oils isolated from the aerial parts of L. rugosa collected from two diverse localities in northern India (foothills and mid-hills) were investigated by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The essential oil yields and chemical compositions of L. rugosa from the two localities differed significantly. The population collected from the mid-hills was rich in essential oil (0.44%) compared with the population from the foothills (0.25%). The essential oil of the foothill population was characterized by the dominance of methyl chavicol (76.6%), followed by (E)-anethole (19.1%). Conversely, the essential oil of the mid-hill population was dominated exclusively by (E)-anethole (88.5%). These genetic resources of L. rugosa can be utilized as a valuable source of the high-value aromachemicals, namely methyl chavicol and (E)-anethole.'),(1581,'10.1080/10412905.2014.922511','High-speed countercurrent chromatography as a tool to isolate nerolidol from the<i>Baccharis dracunculifolia</i>volatile oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.922511',10,'https://openalex.org/W2161993150','Baccharis dracunculifolia is a shrub native to Brazil and an important botanical source for propolis production. The essential oil from the leaves of B. dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae), popularly known as broom oil, presents pharmacological activities and is a raw material in the perfumery and cosmetics industries. The isolation of its major constituent, nerolidol, to a high purity (92.5â93.7%) was possible through the countercurrent chromatography technique. The countercurrent chromatography biphasic solvent system chosen was a mixture of hexane:methanol:water (5:4:1, v/v/v). Isocratic elution was conducted in a tail-to-head manner.'),(1582,'10.1080/10412905.2014.933133','Essential leaf oil and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence variation in six<i>Eucalyptus</i>populations','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.933133',2,'https://openalex.org/W2049415544','Leaves from sixty trees in five populations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and one population of Eucalyptus melliodora A.Cunn. ex Schauer growing in Fars Province in the south of Iran were analyzed for quantitative and qualitative variation in essential leaf oils. Using the sequence variation of the external transcribed sequence of ribosomal DNA (ETS rDNA) region, the phylogenetic relationships among the populations were also studied. The results obtained were interpreted using statistical analysis, considering the nineteen abundantly found compounds. The main ones were 1,8-cineole followed by globulol, limonene, α-pinene, viridiflorol and p-cymene. As the distribution of terpenoid variables was not normal within the populations, data analysis by a non-parametric KruskalâWallis test showed significant changes in the essential oil components among the studied populations. Principal components analysis based on the relative amounts of the essential oil components indicated four chemotypes. Nucleotide sequencing of the ETS rDNA gave fragments of 504 base pairs and generated distinct patterns among the populations. Using the Neighbor-Joining procedure with bootstrapping support based on a pairwise distance matrix led to a phylogenetic tree with four clades. However, good agreement exists between the molecular and phytochemical outcomes found in the phylogenetic relationship of some populations.'),(1583,'10.1080/10412905.2014.933448','Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of<i>Nectandra antillana</i>Meisn. leaves from Cuba','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.933448',7,'https://openalex.org/W1969156318','AbstractThe essential oil from leaves of Nectandra antillana Meisn. grown in Cuba was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). One hundred and fifty compounds were identified and quantified, accounting for 99% of the total composition. The essential oil was rich in sesquiterpene compounds, particularly caryophyllene oxide (16.0%), β-caryophyllene (9.9%) and guaiol (8.7%). The in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oil was studied against five bacteria strains (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) using the disc diffusion method. The essential oil was slightly effective against nearly all bacteria tested, except for B. subtilis.Keywords: Nectandra antillanaLauraceaeessential oilgas chromatographyâmass spectrometryantibacterial activitycaryophyllene oxideβ-caryophylleneguaiol AcknowledgementWe are grateful to Dr. Pedro Herrera (Instituto de Ecología y Sistemática, La Habana, Cuba) for identification of the plant specimen.'),(1584,'10.1080/10412905.2014.933449','Volatile constituents of mini-watermelon fruits','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.933449',26,'https://openalex.org/W2066896900','Aroma is one of the essential factors for evaluating fruit quality, and the volatile constituents in mini-watermelon fruits were here determined by a headspace-solid-phase micro-extraction and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry method (HS-SPME-GCâMS). The plants, Citrullus lanatus [Thumb.] Matsum. and Nakai cv. Minirossa (Cucurbitaceae), were cultivated in Pachino, Sicily (Italy) under greenhouse conditions. The fruits were collected in two different production years. Sixty-eight volatile compounds have been identified and quantified; among these, the impact aroma compounds are also included. The volatile compounds have been identified by linear retention index, mass spectra, standard injection and reference data; the quantification has been carried out by the standard addition technique. The main compounds were (Z)-3-nonen-1-ol, (E)-2-nonenal and (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, which are characteristic volatiles in the Cucurbitaceae family.'),(1585,'10.1080/10412905.2014.935497','Irradiance stress and plant spacing effect on growth, biomass and quality of wild marigold (<i>Tagetes minuta</i>L.) â an industrial crop in western Himalaya','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.935497',24,'https://openalex.org/W2044142738','A study was carried out over 2 years (2009 and 2010) at the CSIRâInstitute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India, to investigate the effect of irradiance stress and plant spacing on growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition in wild marigold (Tagetes minuta L.). Four shade levels (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) and three plant spacing (45 Ã 30, 45 Ã 45 and 60 Ã 45 cm) were tested as per split plot design. Heavy shading (50% and 75%) strongly reduced the total essential oil content in fresh leaves and flowers. The essential oil content of leaves, flowers and the total oil increased up to the 25% shade level and declined thereafter, with a decrease in irradiance level. Ocimene and dihydrotagetones concentration in leaf oil decreased with decrease in irradiance level; however, tagetone and ocimenone showed the reverse trend. In flower oil, ocimene decreased with an increase in shade levels. Fresh leaf, stem, flower, leaf + flower biomass, and total biomass was significantly higher in the 45 Ã 30 cm spacing level. Essential oil content in flowers of T. minuta grown in 25% shade at 45 Ã 45 and 45 Ã 30 cm spacing recorded significantly higher essential oil content than other treatments.'),(1586,'10.1080/10412905.2014.937008','Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from Algerian<i>Warionia saharae</i>Benth. &amp; Hook.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.937008',3,'https://openalex.org/W2166615722','The essential oil of aerial parts of Warionia saharae was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID), GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In total, forty-three constituents, mainly oxygenated mono- and sesquiterpenes, were identified representing 89.2% of the total oil. Sixteen samples of essential oil of W. saharae collected in three locations exhibited similar chemical compositions showing a chemical homogeneity. The essential oil showed poor antifungal activity against filamentous fungi, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 4 and 8 μL/mL.'),(1587,'10.1080/10412905.2014.942766','Kinetic study of volatile oil of<i>Curcuma longa</i>L. rhizome and<i>Carum carvi</i>L. fruits extracted by microwave-assisted techniques using the cryogrinding','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.942766',15,'https://openalex.org/W2116109458','Hydrodistillation assisted by microwave (HDAM) and steam distillation assisted by microwave (SDAM) of Curcuma longa L. rhizome (CL) and Carum carvi fruits (CC) were investigated. The effect of the cryogrinding (CG) showed differences in yields and composition of volatile oils compared with classical grinding. HDAMâCG (CL: 1.20%, CC: 1.25%) and SDAMâCG (CL: 1.45%, CC: 1.75%) allowed extraction of substantial amounts of volatile oils in less time compared with HDAM (CL: 0.6%, CC: 1.00%) and SDAM (CL: 0.90%, CC: 1.00%). In addition, the major amounts of volatile oils were globally obtained during the first 5 and 10 minutes of extraction for CL and CC, respectively. A kinetic study of essential oils extraction from CL and CC was quantitatively performed. The composition of the major components and family classes present a significant variation with the extraction time. Essential oils extracted by these two methods were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively [aromatic profile by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS)] analyzed. There were differences, especially in the major compounds ar-turmerone (HDAM: 46.00â57.96%, HDAMâCG: 30.85â60.32%) and β-turmerone (HDAM: 14.43â16.74%, HDAMâCG: 10.46â15.77%) for CL, and limonene (HDAM: 23.61â56.97%, HDAMâCG: 38.04â43.00%) and carvone (HDAM: 36.19â64.54%, CCâCG: 53.65â56.31%) for CC.'),(1588,'10.1080/10412905.2014.942808','Analyses of organ specific variations in essential oils of four<i>Ocimum</i>species','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.942808',14,'https://openalex.org/W2112208663','The essential oil contents and compositions of the leaves and inflorescences of Ocimum basilicum L. (four chemotypes), Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke (two chemotypes), Ocimum americanum L. and Ocimum grattisimum L. were analyzed and compared using gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Essential oil content on a fresh weight basis varied from 0.60% to 1.00% in leaves and from 0.28% to 0.85% in inflorescences of different Ocimum species/chemotypes. A total of eighty-six components, constituting 96.4â99.2% of the leaf oil and 88.0â99.3% of inflorescence oil, were identified. Phenylpropanoids (methyl chavicol and eugenol) and monoterpenoids (citral, camphor, linalool, 1,8-cineole, limonene and (Z)-β-ocimene) were among the major constituents identified in their essential oils. Chromatographic results and subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the distribution of components, both qualitatively and quantitatively, varied considerably in leaf and inflorescence essential oils of the studied Ocimum species and their chemotypes.'),(1589,'10.1080/10412905.2014.947387','Anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity of aromatic species from South America','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.947387',32,'https://openalex.org/W2163488619','Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial communication mechanism that depends on population density. The interruption of QS is one example of an antipathogenic effect. We investigated the anti-QS and antimicrobial properties of essential oils from Argentina: Salvia officinalis, Minthostachys mollis, Satureja odora, Schinus molle, Lepechinia floribunda and Artemisia annua. Anti-QS activity was determined by measuring the production of violacein in Chromobacterium violaceum through UVâvisible spectrophotometry and the minimal QS inhibitory concentration (MQSIC) was calculated. The antimicrobial activity was determined using Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus as indicators. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by performing the broth microdilution assay. Minthostachys mollis showed statistically significant QS inhibition properties. This essential oil reduced pigment production by 90% when it was applied at a sublethal concentration (0.02% v/v). Conversely, the highest bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity was exhibited by S. molle oil. Minthostachys mollis essential oil is a good candidate for the development of anti-QS products with a potential application in the control of bacterial diseases mediated by QS. As this strategy interferes with the expression of pathogenic traits rather than killing the microorganism or impeding microbial growth, it avoids the problem of resistance.'),(1590,'10.1080/10412905.2014.947388','Chemical composition and antiradical capacity of essential oils from Lebanese medicinal plants','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.947388',15,'https://openalex.org/W2126011868','Essential oils from five wild species growing in Lebanon and used in traditional medicine were obtained by hydrodistillation. Their chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), and the major constituents were α-pinene in Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. (68.8â86.8%, according to different organs), carvacrol in Thymbra spicata L. (65.8%) and Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb. f. (47%), pulegone in Mentha spicata L. subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter & Burdet (32.8%) and 1,8-cineole in Salvia fruticosa (Mill.) K. Schum. (48.7%). Antiradical capacity of the essential oils was measured in vitro by the 2,2â²-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTSâ+) radical cation and 2,2-diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl (DPPHâ) radical assays. A good agreement between the two tests was recorded: C. capitatus and T. spicata oils showed the highest ABTSâ+ and DPPHâ radical-scavenging activity, possibly due to their high levels of carvacrol, whereas the lowest antiradical capacity was reported for J. excelsa oils.'),(1591,'10.1080/10412905.2014.948969','Chemical diversity among different accessions of<i>Origanum vulgare</i>L. ssp.<i>vulgare</i>collected from Central Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.948969',15,'https://openalex.org/W2053779501','The essential oil composition of ten accessions of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. vulgare collected from wild populations of the sub-temperate region of the Central Himalayas and subsequently grown under identical climatic conditions in Uttrakhand state of India were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of forty-six components representing 92.6â99.8% of the total oil were identified in essential oils isolated from seven different locations. The major constituents of the essential oils were phenolic compounds (13.7â90.5%), represented mainly by thymol (13.7â85.9%) and carvacrol (1.5â63.0%). Two chemotypes were identified: the first, with a prevalence of thymol (IC589087, 85.9%; IC589085, 85.0%) and the second, characterized by the prevalence of carvacrol (IC589079, 63.0%). Results indicated that accessions collected from higher altitude (>3200 m) possessed high thymol content (>85%). This chemical study attempts to provide an insight on the relationship between chemical composition of essential oil and chemotypes in O. vulgare L.'),(1592,'10.1080/10412905.2014.949881','Effect of method of distillation on the yield and chemical composition of<i>Artemisia annua</i>essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.949881',13,'https://openalex.org/W2067385986','AbstractFlowering shoot biomass of Artemisia annua var. Jeevanraksha grown under the semi-arid tropical climate of Hyderabad, South India, and distilled by field- and hydro-distillation techniques produced 0.26% and 0.35% essential oil yields on a fresh weight basis, respectively. Gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses yielded fifty-four constituents accounting for 95.8% and 92.0% of the oils in field and hydro-distillations, respectively. The major compounds of the field-distilled oil were: camphor (23.6%), β-caryophyllene (16.6%), α-humulene (5.4%) and germacrene D (17.0%). The principal components of the hydro-distilled oil were: 1,8-cineole (11.1%), camphor (36.6%), β-caryophyllene (5.7%) and germacrene D (5.9%). Aliphatic ketones (37.7%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (11.2%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (19.9%) were higher in the hydro-distilled oil. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (54.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (6.8%) were present in large amounts in the field-distilled oil.Keywords: Artemisia annuaAsteraceaeessential oil compositiondistillation methodcamphor1,8-cineoleβ-caryophyllene AcknowledgementsThe authors are beholden to the Director, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India, for facilities.'),(1593,'10.1080/10412905.2014.949882','Antibacterial activity of peppermint fragrance microânanocapsules prepared with a new electrospraying method','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.949882',48,'https://openalex.org/W2165196743','AbstractFragrance compounds and essential oils are currently extracted more effectively and selected for a variety of purposes thanks to research over decades by industry and scientists working on medicines, food and cosmetics. Among the essential oils, peppermint oil is most widely known for its antimicrobial activity and as a multifunctional flavor compound. In this study, the flavor retention and properties of peppermint oil in the alginate biopolymer during encapsulation and storage are investigated. For this purpose, microânanocapsules are produced and characterized according to their structure, mean particle size and size distribution using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. The stability of the essential oil during the encapsulation process is assessed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Clevenger. The antimicrobial activity of microânanocapsules was evaluated using the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. It is demonstrated that the process of encapsulation is a suitable method for protecting peppermint natural oil.Keywords: microânanocapsulesencapsulationantimicrobial activitypeppermint oilsodium alginate AcknowledgementThe authors are grateful to Dr. Hosein Zeinali from Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources.'),(1594,'10.1080/10412905.2014.951456','Antibacterial activities of the essential oil from the leaves and rhizomes of<i>Cnidium officinale</i>Makino','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.951456',14,'https://openalex.org/W2016906706','AbstractEssential oils were extracted from the roots and leaves of Cnidium officinale Makino (Umbelliferae) cultivated in three different districts of Korea. Extraction was carried out by steam distillation, and the composition of the essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The extracted oils were compared between different samples. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils and their main components were determined against twelve antibiotic-susceptible or -resistant food-borne pathogenic bacteria. No distinct differences in composition of the essential oils from the rhizomes were found depending upon from which of the three districts the plant was cultivated. In contrast, their composition differed markedly depending on from which part of the plant the oil came, specifically the leaves versus the rhizomes. All of the essential oil fractions and their main component, Z-ligustilide, inhibited the growth of all of the bacterial strains tested, except for Yersinia enterocolitica, and had minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mg/mL. In addition, the cell viability of Caco-2 and MKN-45 cancer cell lines was not altered following exposure to the oils at concentrations between 10 and 160 μg/mL.Keywords: Cnidium officinaleessential oilleavesrhizomesantibacterialfood-borneZ-ligustilideCaco-2MKN-45'),(1595,'10.1080/10412905.2014.956188','Variation in the essential oil constituents in indigenous populations of<i>Foeniculum vulgare</i>var.<i>vulgare</i>from different locations of Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.956188',12,'https://openalex.org/W1985581407','The aim of this study was to determine the chemical variation in indigenous populations of bitter fennel originating from Iran. Essential oils isolated from the fruits of eight different populations of Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare from different locations of Iran were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). According to the results, the essential oil content in the fruit varied from 2.7% to 4%. The major chemical constituents exhibited higher differences between the populations. trans-Anethole was found to be the main component of the oil with rates of 46.5% and 84% in fruits and this component was followed by fenchone (9.1â23.8%), which is the second major phenylpropanoid detected in fennel oil. Limonene, estragol (methyl chavicol), γ-terpinene, α-pinene and β-mercene are other main components identified in the fennel oils. trans-Anethole was detected at the highest level (84%) in âZanjanâ population oil and the âMarvdashtâ population contained the highest concentration (12.2%) of estragol compared with other populations. Fenchone, limonene, γ-terpinene, α-pinene and β-mercene were in higher concentrations in âArdabilâ population oil than the other populations, while trans-anethole was the lowest in this populationâs oil. The results suggest that there were important variations among the fennel populationâs fruit in Iran concerning the essential oil content and composition.'),(1596,'10.1080/10412905.2014.956189','<i>Daucus carota</i>ssp.<i>hispanicus</i>Gouan. essential oils: chemical variability and fungitoxic activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.956189',13,'https://openalex.org/W2115029857','The chemical composition of Algerian Daucus carota ssp. hispanicus Gouan. essential oils has been investigated using gas chromatography/retention indices (GC/RIs) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS), and their antibacterial and antifungal activities were tested for the first time. Chemical analysis allowed the identification of sixty-eight compounds amounting to 92.3â98.5% of aerial part essential oils and eight components representing 97.4â99.4% of root essential oils. Intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oils from ten Algerian sample locations were investigated using statistical analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis). In addition, root essential oils of D. carota ssp. hispanicus were found to be strongly fungicidal and inhibitory to aflatoxin production.'),(1597,'10.1080/10412905.2014.956233','Chemical composition and cytotoxicity analysis of the essential oil from leaves of<i>Croton argyrophyllus</i>Kunth','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.956233',14,'https://openalex.org/W2034607231','There is evidence that the constituents of essential oils from plants of the genus Croton, such as Croton argyrophyllus Kunth, can be used for anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antidiabetic and antitumor purposes. As this is a genus of plants widely used among the communities of the semiarid region of Brazil, the present study aimed to identify the chemical composition and analyze the cytotoxicity of the essential oil from C. argyrophyllus Kunth. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation from fresh leaves (0.33% yield) and analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry/flame ionization detector (GCâFID). The cytotoxic concentration of the essential oil of C. argyrophyllus by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test against the J774 macrophage was found to be 50 μg/mL. Twenty-five compounds were identified, representing 97.37% of the total oil, and the chemical profile was based on sesquiterpenes, with bicyclogermacrene (27.78%) its main constituent. The results demonstrate that the essential oil from leaves of C. argyrophyllus is cytotoxic at 50 and 100 μg/mL.'),(1598,'10.1080/10412905.2014.962188','Differentiation of two<i>Porophyllum ruderale</i>(Jacq.) Cass. subspecies by the essential oil composition','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.962188',7,'https://openalex.org/W2022331135','The essential oil from the aerial parts of two cultivated subspecies from Porophyllum ruderale, Porophyllum ruderale subsp. macrocephalum (PRM) and Porophyllum ruderale subsp. ruderale (PRR) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Monoterpenes were the most abundant components. The oil from PRM presented limonene (83.5%), myrcene (6.3%) and 1-undecene (5.4%) as the major compounds, while the oil from PRR contained E-β-ocimene (54.9%), limonene (25.2%) and β-pinene (10.1%) as the main components. These results suggest that the main component of the essential oil can differentiate the two P. ruderale subspecies.'),(1599,'10.1080/10412905.2014.964426','Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of nine essential oils obtained by steam distillation of plants from the Souss-Massa Region (Morocco)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.964426',45,'https://openalex.org/W1970084574','The antimicrobial properties of nine essential oils (EOs) from Souss-Massa, Morocco, were assessed and compared. The studied plants were: Mentha piperita, Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata, Pelargonium graveolens, Rosmarinus officinalis, Thymus leptobotrys, Thymus pallidus, Thymus satureioides and Citrus limon. EOs were extracted by steam distillation and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined versus ten bacteria strains (Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus equinus and Streptococcus pyogenes), two yeasts (Candida albicans and Candida glabrata) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium funiculosum). Thymus leptobotrys, P. graveolens and T. satureioides showed interesting antimicrobial properties (MIC = [0.7â5.9 μg/mL]). Mentha piperita, T. pallidus and M. spicata gave intermediary results (MIC= [5.7â23.2 μg/mL]) while the remaining EOs displayed poor results (MIC= [23.2â85.5 μg/mL]). EOs that contained primarily, in this order, phenolic terpenes, terpenic alcohols and terpenic aldehydes displayed better antimicrobial properties.'),(1600,'10.1080/10412905.2014.964427','Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of hydrosol extracts obtained by liquidâliquid extraction (LLE) of<i>Daucus muricatus</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.964427',21,'https://openalex.org/W2156627241','Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of hydrosol extracts of roots, aerial parts, stems, leaves and flowers of Daucus muricatus L. obtained by liquidâliquid extraction (LLE) were reported for the first time. Gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analyses of hydrosol extracts showed only oxygenated compounds: thirty-six monoterpenes, fifteen sesquiterpenes, eight phenylpropanoids, eighteen non-terpenic compounds and one diterpene. Antioxidant activity was evaluated as free radical-scavenging capacity (RSC). RSC was assessed by measuring the scavenging activity of hydrosol extracts on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). The best antioxidant activity was exhibited by flower and root hydrosol extracts at low concentrations (more than 100% at 20 µg/mL). Hydrosols produced by roots and aerial parts exhibited high contents of alcohol and phenolic compounds. However, a high result of ferric reducing antioxidant power for all hydrosol extracts tested was observed.'),(1601,'10.1080/10412905.2014.964428','Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>(Christm.) Swingle essential oil from Italian organic crops','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.964428',43,'https://openalex.org/W2037924714','In this study, the essential oil of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle was extracted by hydrodistillation and, after chemical characterization, was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity on a representative range of ATCC and clinical strains. The chemical composition of the volatile fraction of key lime oil was determined using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) and GCâflame ionization detection (GCâFID). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated on a representative range of Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, including ATCC and clinical strains, by the disc diffusion method and the broth microdilution method. The major components of lime essential oil proved to be β-pinene (12.6%), limonene (53.8%), γ-terpinene (16.5%), terpinolene (0.6%), α-terpineol (0.4%) and citral (2.5%), which are very likely responsible for the good antimicrobial activity, in particular on Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis).'),(1602,'10.1080/10412905.2014.973067','Chemical characterization of the essential oils from leaves of mandarins Sunki, Cleopatra and their hybrids','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.973067',9,'https://openalex.org/W2087401846','Sunki Mandarin [Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka] is a type of micromandarin from South China largely used as a rootstock in Brazil. Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reshni hort. ex. Tanaka) is a well-formed tree, ornamental, with red-orange fruits. The main objective of this work was to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil in leaves of accessions of Sunki and Cleopatra mandarins and hybrids. The essential oils were obtained from the leaves by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The oil yields ranged from 1.27% (BCG562 â Hybrid of âSunkiâ C12080) to 0.33% (BCG564 â Sunki from Florida) (dry weight basis), and fifty-five constituents were detected. The major constituents were β-pinene (2.5â49.9%), limonene (0â49.0%), sabinene (0.5â35.2%), linalool (0.7â27.3%), thymol methyl ether (0â22.3%), p-cymene (0.2â21.2%), γ-terpinene (0â15.1%), 1.8-cineole (0â11.0%), terpinen-4-ol (0.5â9.4%), (E)-β-ocimene (0.6â6.4%), α-pinene (1.1â4.4%), (E)-nerolidol (1.0â3.2%), α-terpineol (0.4â3.0%) and myrcene (0.7â2.4%).'),(1603,'10.1080/10412905.2014.982872','Comparison of lemon oil composition after using different extraction methods','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982872',43,'https://openalex.org/W2002960129','Kıbrıs lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.) peel was extracted by supercritical CO2 extraction (SFE), cold pressing (CP) and hydrodistillation (HD) methods. SFE, CP and HD methods have been compared and evaluated for their effectiveness in the separation of extract from fresh lemon peels. The chemical compositions of the three different extract samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Forty-four components were fully characterized by mass spectra and linear retention indices. The lemon extracts showed a high content of limonene (71.81%, 70.36% and 72.48%) with γ-terpinene (8.72%, 8.91% and 8.88%), β-pinene (6.61%, 6.72% and 6.60%), myrcene (1.55%, 1.59% and 1.73%), sabinene (1.21%, 1.48% and 1.09%), α-pinene (0.98%, 1.27% and 0.98%) and p-cimene (0.87%, 1.23% and 0.87%) being the major monoterpene hydrocarbons in the SFE, CP and HD methods, respectively. The principal sesquiterpene hydrocarbon was β-bisabolene (1.42%, 1.41% and 1.22%) in the SFE, CP and HD extracts, respectively. Neryl acetate and geranial were the main oxygenated compounds (1.25%, 1.28% and 1.21%) and (1.13%, 0.97% and 0.99%), in the SFE, CP and HD extracts, respectively. The composition of lemon extract has been split into six classes (monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, carbonyl compounds, alcohols, esters and oxides). It was noted that there were significant differences in the carbonyl compounds, alcohol and ester classes in the SFE, CP and HD extracts.'),(1604,'10.1080/10412905.2014.982875','Study on the recovered essential oil obtained from hydrosol of<i>Yulania denudata</i>fresh flowers','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982875',11,'https://openalex.org/W2026424053','This study focused on the recovered essential oil of Yulania denudata fresh flowers obtained from hydrosol, the main by-product of Y. denudata essential oil production. The yield percentage and chemical profile of the recovered oil (extracted from the hydrosol by adsorption and solvent extraction, respectively) were investigated and compared with those of the decanted oil (obtained directly by field distillation of fresh flowers). Decanted oil accounted for 91.3â92.1% and recovered oil 7.9â8.7% of the total oil yield. The decanted oil was rich in hydrocarbons (78.2%), whereas the recovered oil was rich in organoleptically important oxygenated compounds (99.1â99.5%). For the recovery of dissolved essential oil from Y. denudata hydrosol, adsorption using activated carbon was preferred over diethyl ether extraction due to higher efficiency and lower solvent consumption. The recovered oil is a rich source of eucalyptol, which finds uses in the fragrance and pharmaceutical industries.'),(1605,'10.1080/10412905.2014.982876','Chemical composition of essential oils from<i>Annona vepretorum</i>Mart. and<i>Annona squamosa</i>L. (Annonaceae) leaves and their antimalarial and trypanocidal activities','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982876',32,'https://openalex.org/W2149041187','Here, we describe the trypanocidal and antimalarial activities from essential oils extracted from Annona vepretorum (AVOE) and Annona squamosa (ASOE) (Annonaceae) leaves. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) and GCâflame ionization detection (GCâFID). A total of twenty-one compounds were identified in AVOE and twenty-three in ASOE. The sesquiterpenes are more abundant in the both essential oils. ASOE contained significant quantities of (E)-caryophyllene (27.4%), germacrene D (17.1%) and bicyclogermacrene (10.8%). The major compounds in AVOE were bicyclogermacrene (39.0%), spathulenol (14.0%) and α-phellandrene (11.5%). The essential oils demonstrated potent trypanocidal and antimalarial activities with values of ic50 lower than 20 μg/mL, and a strong inhibition of the proliferation of amastigotes, the clinically relevant forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. In addition, through ultrastructural studies and flow cytometry analysis with trypomastigotes of T. cruzi, we identified significant ultrastructural alterations induced by the essential oils, especially in the cell membrane and mitochondria, which ultimately results in necrotic parasite death.'),(1606,'10.1080/10412905.2014.982878','Essential oil composition of<i>Peperomia pellucida</i>(L.) Kunth from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.982878',19,'https://openalex.org/W2123647868','Hydrodistilled essential oil of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, collected from the foothills of Uttarakhand was analyzed using gas chromatographyâflame ionization detection (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). A total of fifty constituents, representing 94.3â97.9% of the total oil composition, were identified. Major constituents of the oil of whole herb were carotol (26.6â32.0%), dill apiole (25.1â30.2%), pygmaein (5.5â10.5%), (E)-caryophyllene (5.6â8.3%), germacrene D (3.1â4.7%), β-elemene (3.0â4.2%), camphor (< 0.05â2.8%), daucene (0.8â2.7%), apiole (1.5â2.5%), β-bisabolene (0.2â2.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (1.6â2.1%). However, the root oil contained higher amount of apioles (dill apiole 63.9% and apiole 9.2%) compared with the aerial parts (dill apiole 20.7% and apiole 1.1%) of P. pellucida.'),(1607,'10.1080/10412905.2014.987927','Compositional characteristics of the volatile oils of three<i>Artemisia</i>spp. from western Himalaya','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.987927',17,'https://openalex.org/W1993075618','Essential oils isolated from Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm, Artemisia roxburghiana Bess. var. purpurascens (Jacq.) Hook and Artemisia maritima L. were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Artemisia gmelinii, A. roxburghiana and A. maritima yielded 1.43%, 0.77â0.90% and 1.67% essential oil, respectively. In all, ninety-two constituents, representing 95.6â99.1% of the total oil compositions of different Artemisia spp., were identified. Major constituents of A. gmelinii oil were artemisia ketone (40.7%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (21.3%), 1,8-cineole (11.0%) and pinocarvone (8.9%). The oil of A. roxburghiana contained borneol (2.1â18.5%), α-thujone (0.2â13.1%), artemisia alcohol (5.2â11.6%), β-eudesmol (5.0â11.6%), eucarvone (2.0â8.9%), caryophyllene oxide (3.5â8.8%), 1,8-cineole (3.2â8.1%), cis-sabinene hydrate (4.5â7.1%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (0.2â5.4%) and terpinen-4-ol (2.2â5.2%) as main constituents. However, the oil of A. maritima was rich in thujones (α-thujone 72.1%, β-thujone 8.4%). The oils of the investigated Artemisia spp. showed considerable variations in their chemical compositions compared with earlier reports.'),(1608,'10.1080/10412905.2014.987928','Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of<i>Ajania semnanensis</i>essential oil in two growing stages','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.987928',7,'https://openalex.org/W2026446596','AbstractThe essential oils from aerial parts of Ajania semnanensis Sonboli in two growing stages were isolated and their chemical constituents were identified. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) and GCâflame ionization detector (GCâFID). Twenty-three and sixteen compounds comprising 96.5% and 92.0% of the essential oils were identified in the vegetative and flowering stages, respectively. The essential oils with the major compounds 1,8-cineole (32.5% and 27.4%), bornyl acetate (19.1% and 15.0%), camphor (18.9% and 12.2%), lavandulyl acetate (7.4% and 10.0%) and terpinen-4-ol (5.4% and 10.8%) were qualitatively similar. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was investigated against three Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacteria and one fungus. The results showed a better activity of essential oils against fungus rather than the assessed bacteria.Keywords: Ajania semnanensisessential oilantimicrobial activityvegetative and flowering stageGCâMS'),(1609,'10.1080/10412905.2014.987929','Enantiomer differentiation of key volatile constituents from leaves, stems, rhizome and flowers of cultivated<i>Hedychium coronarium</i>Koenig from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.987929',19,'https://openalex.org/W2122924597','The composition of the main constituents from different plant parts (rhizome, stems, leaves and flowers) of cultivated Hedychium coronarium Koenig, and the enantiomeric ratio of some of these, were determined by gas chromatography, chiral gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The number of components identified in the essential oils of rhizome, stems and leaves was twenty-three, fifteen and twenty-three, respectively, representing 98.8%, 97.7% and 98.9% of each corresponding oil. The major constituents in rhizome, stems and leaves oils included α-pinene (9.6%, 10.0% and 23.0%), β-pinene (39.1%, 38.8% and 44.1%), 1,8-cineole (32.2%, 5.6% and 5.1%) and α-terpineol (4.9%, 12.2% and 0.2%), while (E)-β-ocimene, linalool and 1,8-cineole were identified in the flower aroma when exposed to solid-phase microextraction fibers. In addition, the chiral examination showed a high enantiomeric excess (ca. 99%) for (3R)-(â)-linalool in rhizome and flowers, (4S)-(â)-α-terpineol in leaves and (1S)-(â)-borneol in stems.'),(1610,'10.1080/10412905.2014.990642','Biomass and essential oil yields of cornmint (<i>Mentha arvensis</i>L.) grown in the irrigation area of Río Dulce, Santiago del Estero, Argentina','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2014.990642',4,'https://openalex.org/W2146423332','The aim of this study is to determine the yield and composition of the essential oil of cornmint (Mentha arvensis L.) grown in the irrigation area of Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Field tests were carried out under irrigation conditions, harvesting when 70% flowering was reached (in the summer and at the end of the winter seasons). Essential oil yields were 2% in the first cut and 1.6% in the second cut, respectively, the major constituents of the essential oil being menthol, menthone, isomenthone and menthofuran. In both cases, a high concentration of menthol was obtained, although during the winter the content decreased, increasing the concentration of menthofuran. It is concluded that during the summer a higher yield and better quality of essential oil are produced.'),(1611,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1006737','Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of<i>Aloysia gratissima</i>(Verbenaceae) leaf essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1006737',22,'https://openalex.org/W2156947403','Gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analysis of Aloysia gratissima (Gill. et Hook) Tronc. essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation lead to the identification of twenty-two compounds. The major compounds found in this study were 1,8-cineole (13.7%), germacrene D (13.4%), β-caryophyllene (12.7%) and β-pinene (11.7%). The oil demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal activities against mainly Bacillus cereus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Aloysia gratissima oil was also screened for its antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical; however, it was less effective than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These findings suggest feasible application of A. gratissima essential oil as an antimicrobial agent and its chemical characteristic may lead to the extraction of active compounds in isolated or combined forms with useful applications.'),(1612,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1006738','Temporal and spatial variation in quality of essential oil of<i>Hedychium spicatum</i>and evaluation of its antioxidant activity','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1006738',27,'https://openalex.org/W1967883448','The essential oil of Hedychium spicatum rhizome is used in perfumery and medicines. The rhizome is reported to be stomachic, carminative, a bronchodilator stimulant and a tonic. For studying seasonal variation of the composition of its volatiles, rhizomes of H. spicatum were collected from the Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchâInstitute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. To study the spatial diversity in essential oil content and composition, the rhizomes were collected from five different locations of Himachal Pradesh. Essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation were evaluated for their chemical composition by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Twenty-two compounds were identified from the rhizome oil with major components 1,8-cineole, β-eudesmol, β-pinene and 10-epiâγ-eudesmol. All the essential oil samples were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. The essential oil extracted from the rhizomes collected from Biling had highest antioxidant activity; hence, it was also tested for cytotoxic activity against C-6, A549 and SiHa cell lines.'),(1613,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1006739','<i>Ammoides pusilla</i>(Apiaceae) and<i>Thymus munbyanus</i>(Lamiaceae) from Algeria essential oils: chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1006739',31,'https://openalex.org/W2035816079','The chemical composition, and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of the essential oils of Ammoides pusilla (Apiaceae) and Thymus munbyanus (Lamiaceae), collected in Algeria, were studied. Cumin alcohol (44%), p-cymene (18%), limonene (14%), thymol (11%) and γ-terpinene (7%) predominated in A. pusilla essential oil, whereas carvacrol (71%) was dominant in T. munbyanus essential oil. The antibacterial activity of A. pusilla and T. munbyanus essential oils was studied by the agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Thyphimurium, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The tested bacteria were more susceptible to T. munbyanus essential oil. Ammoides pusilla essential oil was the most effective for scavenging the free radicals. Ammoides pusilla essential oil also had the best reducing power as well as the highest lipid peroxidation inhibition. Thymus munbyanus essential oil showed the best anti-proliferative activity of human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1).'),(1614,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1007217','Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of<i>Baccharis obtusifolia</i>Kunth from Loja, Ecuador','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1007217',18,'https://openalex.org/W2021377069','The essential oil of aerial parts from Baccharis obtusifolia (Asteraceae) growing wild in Ecuador was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined by gas chromatography�mass spectrometry (GC�MS and GC�flame ionization detector (GC�FID) analysis. Thirty-one individual compounds were identified and constitute 96.1% of the total composition of the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (28.3%), germacrene-D (9.8%), ?-pinene (9.0%), ?-pinene (8.2%), bicyclogermacrene (6.2%) and ?-cadinene (5.7%). The essential oil showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Baccharis obtusifolia oil exhibited a moderate antibacterial effect against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 9997) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), and good antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum (ATCC 28188) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 28185). In this study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of B.�obtusifolia (Asteraceae) are reported for the first time.'),(1615,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1007218','Essential oil profiles of different parts of East Indian lemongrass {<i>Cymbopogon flexuosus</i>(Nees ex Steud.) Wats.}','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1007218',11,'https://openalex.org/W2081902864','Different parts of Cymbopogon flexuosus var. Krishna, namely leaf lamina, leaf sheath, inflorescence stem, spikelet, root, rhizome and root + rhizome yielded 1.7%, 1.3%, 0.25%, 0.6%, 0.05%, 0.3% and 0.2% essential oils, respectively on a fresh weight basis. Gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) analyses showed seventy-three components constituting 93.5â99.7% of these oils. Leaf lamina oil was richer in isopulegol (1.9%), neral (34.8%) and citral (83.0%); leaf sheath oil in β-caryophyllene (1.5%) and caryophylleneoxide (1.9%); inflorescence stem oil in 6-methyl heptenone (3.1%), terpinolene (1.1%) and geranial (48.9%); spikelet oil in sabinene (1.5%), γ-terpinene (1.3%), geraniol (12.1%), geranyl acetate (8.3%) and (E)-cadina-1(2),4-diene (1.9%); root oil in terpinen-4-ol (9.0%), δ-elemene (6.6%), β-longipinene (2.7%), γ-elemene (2.4%), δ-cadinene (2.2%) and bulnesol (10.8%); rhizome oil in elemol (42.3%), eudesm-3-en-7-ol (29.5%) and α-bisabolone oxide A (9.1%); and root + rhizome oil in eudesm-11-en-4α-ol (9.6%) and epi-α-eudesmol (6.1%). Currently, leaf lamina oil is commercially produced. This investigation has revealed that leaf sheaths (76.2%) and inflorescence stems (80.5%) yielded citral-rich oils. Elemol, which finds application in fragrances with potential use in botanical pesticides, can be isolated from rhizome oil.'),(1616,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1009562','Changes in essential oil content and composition of<i>Origanum vulgare</i>spp.<i>hirtum</i>during storage as a whole plant or after grinding and mixing with a concentrate ruminant diet','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1009562',3,'https://openalex.org/W2146648954','Essential oils (EO) from aromatic plants (AP) are used in ruminantsâ diets due to several biological activities. The inclusion of AP in ruminantsâ diets can be done as dried material, as they are harvested once a year. However, storage is one of the main factors that affect the EO content and chemical composition. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of storage, in the shade under ambient conditions, on the EO content and chemical composition (a) of Origanum vulgare spp. hirtum as a whole plant (OP) and/or (b) as the powdered form after mixing with the concentrate diet. The results showed that storage of the whole OP in the shade for six months has a very low EO loss (5.8%), while grinding and mixing OP with concentrates causes different losses, which depend on the OP/concentrate ratio and the storage period.'),(1617,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1010044','Chemical composition of essential oils obtained from plant parts of<i>Alpinia calcarata</i>Rosc<i>.</i>(lesser galangal) germplasm from south India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1010044',8,'https://openalex.org/W2152294197','Alpinia calcarata Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) is an important medicinal plant of India. Chemical profiles of volatile oils isolated from rhizomes, roots and aerial shoots of A. calcarata germplasm from southern India were investigated by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detection (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Oxygenated monoterpenoids were identified as the major oil constituents in all parts of A. calcarata oil, represented mainly by 1,8-cineole, α-fenchyl acetate, α-terpineol, camphor, terpinen-4-ol and borneol. Rhizome oil was characterized by the presence of the two most abundant oxygenated monoterpenoids, 1,8-cineole (13.0â30.2%) and α-fenchyl acetate (26.3â38.7%). On the other hand, the root oil showed α-fenchyl acetate (49.8â61.6%) as the major constituent, followed by 1,8-cineole (4.2â16.6%) camphene (1.7â9.8%), borneol (5.2â7.5%) and carotol (2.3â4.5) whereas aerial shoots oil showed 1,8-cineole (8.1â30.7%) camphor (3.5â16.1%), α-fenchyl acetate (7.6â16.9%), α-terpineol (4.3â11.0%) and carotol (4.6â16.7%) as the major constituents. Variations recorded in essential oil compositions of different plant parts of A. calcarata can be used as chemotaxonomic markers, as well as for their utilization in food flavoring, in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.'),(1618,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1010045','Influence of rosemary, andiroba and copaiba essential oils on different stages of the biological cycle of the tick<i>Rhipicephalus microplus in vitro</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1010045',6,'https://openalex.org/W2026737187','The aim of this study was to verify in vitro the influence of rosemary, andiroba, and copaiba essential oils on different stages of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Female ticks were collected from naturally infected cows and treated in vitro with these essential oils at concentrations of 5% and 10%. All tests were performed in triplicate using positive (amitraz 10%) and negative (untreated) controls. It was possible to observe that rosemary, andiroba, and copaiba essential oils inhibited female reproduction at concentrations of 5% (45.0%, 77.5%, and 71.6%, respectively) and 10% (55.7%, 92.0,% and 86.7%, respectively) compared with amitraz (72.9%). Additionally, andiroba (10%) and copaiba (5% and 10%) oil solutions also had an acaricidal effect (100%), similarly to the positive control. The andiroba and copaiba oils showed an ovicidal effect, which effected hatchability. Rosemary oil showed neither acaricidal nor ovicidal effect. Therefore, based on these results, we were able to show that all oils and concentrations tested may affect tick reproduction by inhibiting tick oviposition and hatchability. In addition, andiroba and copaiba oils exhibited ovicidal and acaricidal effects.'),(1619,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1014117','Volatile compounds from the aerial part and fruits of<i>Grammosciadium pterocarpum</i>Boiss. growing in Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1014117',5,'https://openalex.org/W2139520709','Volatile constituents obtained from crushed fruits and aerial parts of Grammosciadium pterocarpum Boiss. (Apiaceae) by microdistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) systems, simultaneously. Fifteen components comprising 99.5% of the volatile oil of the fruit and twenty components comprising 97.4% of the volatile oil of the aerial parts were identified. The main constituents of the fruit volatiles were found to be linalool (68.4%) and β-pinene (22.0%), whereas caryophyllene oxide (55.1%) and β-caryophyllene (15.3%) were found to be major constituents in the volatiles of the aerial parts.'),(1620,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1014118','Essential oil composition and biological activities of<i>Petiveria alliacea</i>L. from Martinique','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1014118',12,'https://openalex.org/W2319861572','The volatile constituents obtained from the essential oil using hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Petiveria alliacea L. growing in Martinique (F.W.I.: French West Indies), were examined by a combination of gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) techniques. Fifty-one components representing 89.1â98.1% of the essential oil total GC/FID chromatogram were identified. The most abundant compounds were toluenethiol (2.3â23.0%), phytol (6.4â40.0%) dibenzyldisulfide (13.2â35.3%) and benzaldehyde (0.8â31.3%). In total, forty new components were characterized in P. alliacea oils. Higher content in sulfur compounds were quantified in P. alliacea oils collected during the rainy season than those collected during the dry season. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from plants collected in Prêcheur area was also investigated. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella arizonae and Listeria innocua at 0.5% and against resistant strains of E. coli (J96) and S. aureus (1799) at 1.0%.'),(1621,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1014935','Essential oil of<i>Alpinia zerumbet</i>(Pers.) B.L. Burtt. &amp; R.M. Sm. (Zingiberaceae): chemical composition and modulation of the activity of aminoglycoside antibiotics','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1014935',16,'https://openalex.org/W2090379793','Francisco R.S. Mendesa, Francisca G.E. Silvaa, Erlânio O. Sousabc, Fabíola F.G. Rodriguesbc, José G.M. Costabc*, Francisco J.Q. Monted, Telma L.G. Lemosd & João C.C. Assunçãoaa Department of Chemistry and Environment, Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Campus of Quixadá, CE, Brazilb Molecular Bioprospection Post-graduation Program, Laboratory of Natural Products Research, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazilc Northeast Network on Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza CE, Brazild Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil'),(1622,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1014936','Evaluation of essential oil yield and chemical composition of eight lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon</i>spp.) cultivars under Himalayan region','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1014936',39,'https://openalex.org/W2091406114','Lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) yields a commercial essential oil, which is a natural source of citral. In the present study, essential oil productivity and chemical compositions of the eight lemongrass cultivars from the Himalayan region were evaluated. The herb yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield varied from 168 to 208 kg per 100 m2, from 0.50% to 1.13% (v/w) and from 1.01 to 2.35 L per 100 m2, respectively in different cultivars. Altogether, twenty-eight constituents, comprising 86.6â98.5% of the total oil compositions, were identified using gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Comparative results showed substantial variations in the essential oil compositions due to cultivars and season of harvest. The amount of citral varied from 70.8% to 91.6% in different cultivars during the summer, rainy and winter seasons. According to the citral content, lemongrass cultivars could be arranged as Nima (88.8â91.6%) > Pragati (84.1â91.2%) > Cauvery (83.9â87.3%) > Krishna (70.8â86.8%) > ODâ19 (82.0â86.0%) > Chirharit (78.6â82.8%) > Praman (75.2â82.5%) > CKP-25 (77.6â79.4%). In conclusion, cultivar Krishna was found to be superior over other cultivars in term of essential oil yield (2.35 L per 100 mâ2). The average citral content in this cultivar was â80.0%.'),(1623,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1015691','Effect of different drying treatments on essential oil yield, composition and color characteristics of<i>Kelussia odoratissima</i>Mozaff','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1015691',41,'https://openalex.org/W2044542879','Kelussia odoratissima is known as an endemic and valuable spice plant. The effect of six different drying treatments (sun, shade, oven 45°C, oven 65°C, microwave and freeze drying) was studied on the color, essential oil content and chemical composition of K. odoratissima leaves. The essential oils were isolated from fresh and dried samples by a hydrodistillation method and analyzed using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The highest essential oil yield was obtained by shade drying (1.50%) followed by microwave (1.46%) and oven 65°C (1.43%)-drying methods. The major compounds of K. odoratissima oils were (Z)-ligustilide, (E)-ligustilide and cis-3-butylidene phthalide. Drying treatments significantly increased (Z)-ligustilide compared with the fresh one. In this study, (Z)-ligustilide ranged from 48.67% in sun-dried samples to 68.3% in 45°C oven-dried ones. For color analysis, shade drying possessed the highest a*/b* value, followed by microwave and oven 45°C. Results showed that shade drying at ambient temperature significantly increased the essential oil yield and (Z)-ligustilide with acceptable color quality. Finally, shade and oven drying (<50°C) methods were introduced to produce appreciable essential oil yield, composition and color quality.'),(1624,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1015692','Evaluation of essential oil quality of lemon balm (<i>Melissa officinalis</i>L.) grown in two locations of northern India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1015692',13,'https://openalex.org/W2014165585','The essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) produced in two ecological conditions were evaluated using gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Thirty-three constituents, representing 91.4 ± 1.56% to 98.1 ± 0.60% of the total oil compositions, were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil were geranial (42.3 ± 1.77% to 44.9 ± 3.23%), neral (30.7 ± 1.11% to 32.6 ± 3.57%), (E)-caryophyllene (2.8 ± 1.00% to 3.5 ± 1.27%), geranyl acetate (0.7 ± 0.49% to 3.3 ± 0.15%), geraniol (0.9 ± 0.93% to 2.6 ± 0.35%), piperitone (0.6 ± 0.96% to 2.5 ± 1.81%), nerol (0.8 ± 0.44% to 2.4 ± 0.23%), caryophyllene oxide (0.8 ± 0.81% to 2.3 ± 0.55%), (E)-isocitral (0.5 ± 0.06% to 2.1 ± 0.46%) and citronellal (0.4 ± 0.52% to 2.1 ± 0.06%). The examined lemon balm essential oil was considerably rich in monoterpenoid aldehyde (citral, 73.0â77.5%).'),(1625,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1023904','Fabrication and characteristics of phase control microwave power for jasmine volatile oil extraction','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1023904',16,'https://openalex.org/W1984525540','Conventional volatile oil distillation consumes large amounts of time and energy. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has proved an alternative method that reduces processing time and energy consumption. Conventional MAE systems, modified from an onâoff power control microwave oven, lead to overheating of raw material, resulting in low-quality outputs. In this work, we design and develop a phase-power control microwave hydro-diffusion and gravity (PC-MHG) system in which continuous and adjustable power is archived. To verify the efficiency of the developed system, jasmine (Jasminum sambac) volatile oil was extracted in comparison with simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SSDE), in terms of yield, energy consumption, CO2 emission and the composition profiles. As a result, better percent yields, 0.07% and 0.03% at 500 and 100 W, respectively, were obtained, compared with the essential oil extracted by SSDE (0.004%). Some minor volatile compounds, extracted by solid-phase microextraction, were absent when volatile oil was extracted by both PME and SSDE. The typical compositions of volatile oil obtained by the two techniques, however, are quite similar. In conclusion, the developed microwave extraction system can provide substantial yield and quality of the volatile oil from jasmine, and can be developed for a large-scale industrial prototype.'),(1626,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1023905','Chemical composition and antibacterial activitiy of the essential oils of Algerian<i>Myrtus communis</i>L.','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1023905',11,'https://openalex.org/W2027745071','Myrtus communis L. leaf essential oils from Algeria were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of thirty-four components were identified accounting for 95% of the oil. The main compounds were limonene (23.4%), linalool (15.4%), geranyl acetate (10.9%), α-pinene (10.7%), linalyl acetate (8.2%) and 1,8-cineole (6.6%).The antimicrobial evaluation showed that myrtle oil exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and Kleibsiella pneumonia, but differed according to the strains. Conversely, it was not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.'),(1627,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1023906','Chemical composition and chelating activity of<i>Ruta chalepensis</i>L. (Rutaceae) essential oil as influenced by phenological stages and plant organs','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1023906',13,'https://openalex.org/W2052543015','Chemical composition and chelating activity of Ruta chalepensis L. essential oils collected from the south-east of Tunisia at the vegetative and the flowering stages were investigated. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation from different organs (leaves, flowers and stems) and analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) techniques. The highest essential oil yields were obtained at the flowering stage with a maximum in the flowers (1.8-1.9%). Twenty-five compounds were identified in different essential oils, where ketones and esters constituted the main chemical classes. 2-Nonanone (17.2â25.9%), 2-undecanone (19â37.2%) and octyl acetate (9.1â30.8%) were found to be the major compounds in all essential oils. The majority of essential oil compounds showed homogeneity with respect to the phenological stage and plant organs. At the flowering stage, stems and flowers essential oils showed the highest metal chelating activity, whose ic50 values ranged between 160 and 180 μg/mL.'),(1628,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1024890','Elemental, biochemical and essential oil modulation in developing seedlings of<i>Psoralea corylifolia</i>L. exposed to different presowing gamma irradiation treatment','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1024890',4,'https://openalex.org/W1974191530','Seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays; 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kGy from a cobalt source a at dose rate of 1.65 kGy/hour. The stimulatory effects of gamma irradiation at 10 kGy were evident for biochemical and elemental parameters at the flowering stage and thereafter declined. Nitrogen was found to be maximum in leaves and sulfur in roots at the flowering stage of seedlings grown from seeds exposed to 10 kGy. Sulfur content was found to be most sensitive to gamma irradiation doses resulting in a maximum decline in stems (89.10%), leaves (65.79%) and roots (57.07%) with 20 kGy, respectively. Amino acids exhibited a similar percent decline (52.79%) at the pre-flowering stage in plants raised from seeds irradiated with 20 kGy. Using gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) and solid-phase particle microextraction (SPME) analysis, a remarkable percent increment was confirmed in tricyclene, α-pinene, β-myrcene, camphene, caryophyllene, β-gurgenene, n-nonanal, β-(E)-ocimene, (Z)-3-hexene-ol and germacrene D in plants raised from seeds exposed to 20 kGy. Maximum oil content (1.60%) was found in seeds irradiated with 20 kGy and minimum oil content was found in control seeds (0.89%). The study demonstrates the inverse response between primary and secondary metabolites in terms of enhancement in essential oil yield, as well as concentration of antioxidant components at 15 and 20 kGy.'),(1629,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1025917','Variability in the essential oil content and composition in different plant organs of<i>Kelussia odoratissima</i>Mozaff. (Apiaceae) growing wild in Iran','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1025917',28,'https://openalex.org/W1964440888','The hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from the different organs (roots, leaves, stalks, inflorescences and fruits) of Kelussia odoratissima, an endemic medicinal plant of Iran, were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS) to determine their chemical composition. The essential oil content (w/w%) was in the order of: fruit (1.4%) > root (1.05%) > stalk (0.37%) > leaf (0.27%) > inflorescence (0.2%). The total number of compounds identified and quantified were thirty-two in roots, thirty-one in stalks, twenty-one in leaves, twenty-one in inflorescences and six in fruits, representing 99.5%, 99.2%, 98.2%, 98.1% and 99.7% of the total oil, respectively. The phthalide (Z)-ligustilide (54.0â86.0%) and (2E)-decen-1-ol (2.0â12.3%) were the major compounds in all plant organs. These results suggest that the five studied organs of K. odoratissima are potentially good sources of phthalides, which are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and insecticidal properties. This is the first report on the essential oil composition profile in the full range of organs of this species.'),(1630,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1025918','Quantitative and qualitative variations in the essential oil of<i>Rosa foetida</i>Herrm<i>.</i>(Rosaceae) flowers as affected by different drying methods','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1025918',14,'https://openalex.org/W2078161859','The effect of five drying methods on the essential oil content and composition of Rosa foetida Herrm. was studied for incorporation into a post-harvesting program for medicinal and perfumery industries. The drying methods tested were sun drying (SD), closed shade drying (CSD), oven drying at 40°C (OD40) and 60°C (OD60) and microwave drying (MD). The essential oils from fresh and dried samples were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by a gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). The drying method had a significant effect on the essential oil content (w/w%) in the order of: CSD (0.28%) > SD (0.20%) > OD40 (0.18%) > OD60 (0.14%) > MD (0.05%). In total, twenty-three, thirteen, eight, twelve, ten and twelve constituents were identified and quantified in fresh, CSD, SD, OD40, OD60 and MD samples, representing 93.4%, 97.5%, 97.3%, 97.4%, 98.0% and 96.7% of the total oil, respectively. The major components of all samples were n-nonadecane (25.8â56.4%), n-heneicosane (16.7â24.4%), 1-hexadecanol (14.5â19.7%), n-tetradecanol (1.5â6.8%) and Z-octadecadienal (1.0â5.2%). Our results showed that the drying method not only had an effect on the number of chemical components, but also significantly influenced the proportion of various constituents.'),(1631,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1025920','Composition of the essential oils from samples of<i>Vitex agnus-castus</i>L. growing in Turkey','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1025920',5,'https://openalex.org/W2091209914','The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Verbenaceae) fruits collected from five different localities in Turkey [Zonguldak (S1), Edirne (S2), Balıkesir (S3), MuÄla (S4) and Antalya (S5)] were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). β-Caryophyllene (11%) and α-pinene (10%) were identified as major components in the oil of S1. The highest amount of bicyclogermacrene (22.1%) was detected in the essential oil of S2. The major components of the essential oil of S3 were 1,8-cineole (17.8%), sabinene (15.8%), (Z)-β-farnesene (13.5%) and bicyclogermacrene (12.1%). The essential oil compositions of S4 and S5 had similarities, both containing sabinene [12.1% (S4), 12.1% (S5)], 1,8-cineole [13.2% (S4), 11.8% (S5)], β-caryophyllene [12.7% (S4), 11.4% (S5)] and bicyclogermacrene [11% (S4), 12.1% (S5)] as major components.'),(1632,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1025921','Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil of<i>Salvia chudaei</i>Batt. et Trab. endemic plant from Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1025921',7,'https://openalex.org/W2011964307','The essential oil composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Salvia chudaei Batt. et Trab. were investigated in this research for the first time. Gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the plant essential oil resulted in the identification of fifty compounds representing 90.8% of the oil. The principal constituents were identified as bornyl acetate (20.5%), β-eudesmol (13.6%), β-caryophyllene (10.6%), valencene (9.3%), Ï-cadinol (9.3%), α-pinene (6.9%) and γ-cadinene (5.8%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was evaluated using disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. A great potential antimicrobial activity was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans, followed by Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes, with their respective zones of inhibition of 13.33 ± 1.52 to 40.5 ± 2.12 mm and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.062â1 mg/mL. The plant essential oil was also subjected to screenings for the evaluation of their antioxidant activities using 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-caroteneâlinoleic acid tests, and weak activities were found for this essential oil.'),(1633,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1027418','Volatile constituents of Algerian<i>Artemisia herba-alba</i>essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1027418',8,'https://openalex.org/W2045975734','The composition of the essential oils of six individual plants of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, growing wild in six different locations from southern Algeria, were investigated by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in combination with retention indices. Accounting for 76.3â97.2% of the oils, 132 constituents were identified, predominantly α-thujone (traceâ47.1%), camphor (5.6â30.0%), chrysanthenone (traceâ13.5%), β-thujone (traceâ9.2%), 1,8-cineole (4.1â11.4%), cis-jasmone (0.8â12.1%) and davanone (traceâ34.0.%). Regarding the α- and β-thujone toxicity and the extensive use of A. herba-alba as an aromatic and medicinal plant in folk medicine, we report here, with previous investigations, the thujone content of forty individual plants of A. herba-alba growing wild in sixteen different locations from the high table-lands, steppes and Sahara desert of Algeria. The available data indicate a high degree of variability in the percentage of the two constituents. Large amounts were present in essential oils of Ghardaia (88.9%), Ain-Sefra (59.0%), Laghouat (57.7%) and Sebdou (55.7%).'),(1634,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1027419','Reduced time HPLC analyses for fast quality control of<i>citrus</i>essential oils','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1027419',34,'https://openalex.org/W2067032109','Cold-pressed citrus essential oils contain variable amounts of oxygen heterocyclic compounds highly characteristic of each species. Their distribution has been defined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with an average time of about 45 minutes. Here are two methods proposed, applying the latest generation HPLC columns based on the fused-core technology. The first method allows the complete resolution of thirty-eight components for a rugged and validated quantitative determination of the oxygen heterocyclic compounds in cold pressed lemon, lime, bergamot grapefruit, sweet orange, bitter orange and mandarin oils, in 10 minutes of total analysis time. The second method is a compromise between chromatographic resolution and analysis time and allows a fingerprinting of each of the abovementioned oils to be obtained, useful for unveiling possible contaminations and frauds in about 3 minutes. This last method can be applied in routine analysis to save time and solvent. The components are sufficiently separated in all the citrus cold pressed oils, permitting detailed profiles of each oil to be acquired and possible contaminations and frauds to be detected.'),(1635,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1029083','Competition of microwave-assisted hydro-distillation in highlighting volatile phytochemicals of<i>Anacyclus clavatus</i>species','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1029083',4,'https://openalex.org/W1980768751','The microwave-assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) technique has recently gained considerable attention in the field of essential oil extraction. MAHD was applied as a green technology for the extraction of essence from leaves and stems of Anacyclus clavatus, generally used as a digestive herb. Results from qualitative and statistical analysis were compared with those obtained by the classic hydro-distillation (HD) method. An extraction time of 80 minutes with MAHD provided yields of 0.015 ± 0.004% (w/w) vs. 0.018 ± 0.001% (w/w) reached after 3 hours by HD. Extracts were analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and GCâmass spectrometry (GCâMS). Despite the common main family and the two major constituents, germacrene D followed by δ-elemene in both extracts, chemical compositions were different. The oxygenated fraction represented 42.7% in MAHD extract vs. 36.1% in HD oil. MAHD offers advantages over HD in terms of energy savings, extraction time and product quality, namely in the high contribution of oxygenated compounds in the fragrance of the essence.'),(1636,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1031917','<i>Zataria multiflora</i>: chemical and biological diversity in the essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1031917',41,'https://openalex.org/W1997981716','The essential oils from six chemo-types of Zataria multiflora (ZMO) was obtained and examined for chemical composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Chemical analysis of ZMO was done by using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antioxidant capacity of ZMO was examined through measuring ABTS, H2O2, nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) scavenging effects. The antibacterial activity toward Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. The cytotoxic effect of ZMO was tested on the human nasopharyngeal cancer cell line (KB), liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) and epithelial breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The main components of ZMO were carvacrol (4â57%), thymol (1â45%), p-cymene (4â20%), γ-terpinene (1â38%) and linalool (1â33%). ZMO exhibited good antioxidant activity against ABTS, H2O2, nitrite and MDA at concentrations less than 10 μg/mL. ZMO showed good cytotoxic activity against tested bacteria and fungi, and tumor cell line at concentrations less than 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. Thymol-rich ZMO exhibited stronger antioxidant activity, while carvacrol-rich ZMO exhibited stronger antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activities.'),(1637,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1031918','Identification of a hybrid species of sage (<i>Salvia officinalis</i>L. x<i>S. lavandulifolia</i>subsp.<i>lavandulifolia</i>) through the study of the essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1031918',15,'https://openalex.org/W1899374634','A hybrid of sage obtained by spontaneous crossing of two close-related species of Salvia (S. officinalis and S. lavandulifolia subsp. lavandulifolia) was identified through the study of its essential oil. Its chemical composition was monitored throughout a complete phenological cycle and compared with the parental species. The hybrid presented intermediate characteristics regarding essential oil production and composition. α-thuyone (25.4â57.2%) and 1,8-cineole (15.5â55.1) were the most representative compounds of S. officinalis and S. Lavandulifolia, respectively. Both of them were also the major compounds of hybrid essential oil but in a considerably lower percentage (α-thuyone 13.6â23.6; 1,8-cineole 12.0â34.7). The study shows the influence of the plant phenology in the chemical composition of the essential oils. The major compounds decreased significantly in the three species during flowering stage.'),(1638,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1037020','Scents from Brazilian Cerrado:<i>Psidium myrsinites</i>DC. (Myrtaceae) leaves and inflorescences essential oil','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1037020',13,'https://openalex.org/W1977670483','The chemical profile of the essential oil obtained from leaves and inflorescences of Psidium myrsinites DC. (Myrtaceae) growing wildly in the Brazilian Cerrado was analyzed by GC/FID and CG/MS. The essential oil had a slimy and translucent appearance. The oil yield was 0.1% and the main components were oxygenated sesquiterpenes (68.2%) and non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes (18.3%). Caryophyllene oxide (26.1%), humulene epoxide II (8.8%), β-caryophyllene (7.4%) and α-caryophyllene (5.4%) were the major compounds. It is worth to notice that the most abundant substances have very close structures. The oil yield and composition was very similar to other species belonging to the same genus.'),(1639,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1037021','Scents from Brazilian Cerrado: chemical composition of the essential oil from<i>Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis</i>(Asteraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1037021',5,'https://openalex.org/W2081236491','The chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Pseudobrickellia brasiliensis (Asteraceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. Thirty-four out of thirty-eight components detected were identified. Major compounds in the oil were terpinen-4-ol (38.6%), γ-terpinene (19.5%), α-terpinene (7.8%) and α-terpineol (4.5%).'),(1640,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1039663','Chemical composition of the essential oils from<i>Glechoma hederacea</i>plants grown under controlled environmental conditions in Lithuania','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1039663',8,'https://openalex.org/W1980970941','Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Glechoma hederacea L. plants, which were transferred from five different natural habitats in Lithuania to the field collection, is reported. Sixty-two compounds were identified by GC (FID, RI) and GC/MS, which made up 70.8â92.0% of total oil content. Among first three principal constituents were determined germacrene D (5.5â15.5%), sabinene (6.3â12.3%), 1,8-cineole (5.1â41.6%), β-caryophyllene together with its oxide (7.3â19.3%,) and γ-elemene (9.6%). Content of the oils was less than 0.05% (v/w, on a dry weight basis).Data obtained clearly demonstrated the presence of chemical polymorphism within the population of G. hederacea in Lithuania and indicated remarkable differences in oil composition between cultivated and naturally grown plants at the same region. Also, it should be pointed, that some diterpenes, such as phytol and isophytol found in significant amounts in wild-growing ground ivy, were absent in the essential oils of the cultivated plants.'),(1641,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1039664','Essential oil composition of Himalayan Peony (<i>Paeonia emodi</i>Royle)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1039664',11,'https://openalex.org/W2147755132','Roots of the Himalayan Peony (Paeonia emodi Royle) have been used as a traditional medicine for epilepsy since long back. In this study, hydrodistilled essential oil of the fresh roots of P. emodi, collected from western Himalaya was investigated using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 1H&13C). Altogether, twenty-four constituents, forming 97.4% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the essential oil were salicylaldehyde (85.5%), cis-myrtanal (4.9%), myrtenal (1.8%), trans-myrtanol (1.6%), and nopinone (1.4%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on P. emodi root essential oil composition.'),(1642,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1043398','Constituents of essential oils of<i>Cupressus arizonica</i>Greene from Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1043398',6,'https://openalex.org/W1911391080','Essential oils isolated from the branchlets of two populations of Cupressus arizonica Greene (Cupressaceae) growing in Uttarakhand Himalaya (India) were analyzed by GC and GC/MS in order to determine the variation in composition of their constituents. A total of 36 constituents representing 90.7â92.2% of the total composition have been identified in two locations. In the oils, monoterpenoids (90.0â90.7%) were the principal class of the components (oxygenated monoterpenes, 46.3â52.6%; monoterpene hydrocarbons, 37.4â44.4%), while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons found in lesser amounts (0.7â1.5%). Umbellulone was identified as the major constituent of the essential oils, which ranged from 20.9 to 30.6%. The other main constituents in the essential oils were found to be limonene (8.0â12.9%), α-pinene (7.1â8.1%), sabinene (6.6â7.0%), p-cymene (3.2â5.9%) and terpinen-4-ol (4.2â5.6%). In summary, the characteristic of C. arizonica essential oil from Uttarakhand Himalaya (India) is due to the presence of umbellulone and limonene in higher amounts.'),(1643,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1043399','Seasonal variation in phytochemicals of essential oil from<i>Juniperus communis</i>needles in western Himalaya','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1043399',13,'https://openalex.org/W1655630331','Essential oil from Juniperus communis needles were examined in three different seasons (spring, rainy and winter) throughout the year for the analysis of yield and chemical composition. Volatiles of the needles were obtained by hydrodistillation process using clevenger type apparatus. The essential oil yield in all the seasons was not significantly changed and was found 0.29% (rainy), 0.3% (winter) and 0.33% (spring). Chemical compositions of the oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS techniques on DB-5 capillary column resulted in identification of twenty-eight components. Identified components accounted for 91.1â93.1% of the total oils. The major class of compounds identified in present essential oil was monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.9â63.7%) with sabinene (30.1â37.1%) as the major constituent. Other compounds characterized in all the seasons were limonene (11.3â15.7%), 4-terpineol (9.1â10.5%), α-pinene (3.6â7.9%), δ-cadinene (3.7â4.6%), cis-sabinene hydrate (3.6â4.2%), myrcene (2.5â3.1%), α-terpinene (2.3â2.8%) and manool (1.3â2.2%). In this experiment winter was found to be most suitable time for the isolation of sabinene and limonene.'),(1644,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1043400','Seasonal variations in essential oil of aerial parts and roots of an<i>Artemisia absinthium</i>L. population from a Spanish area with supramediterranean climate (Teruel, Spain)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1043400',16,'https://openalex.org/W1944830499','The seasonal variation of essential oil composition of aerial parts and roots of Artemisia absinthium L. has been investigated. It was obtained from individuals growing wild in Teruel (Spain) by means of hydrodistillation (aerial parts) or simultaneous distillation extraction (roots), and analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Results showed a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes (81.4â89.1%) in aerial parts; mainly (Z)-epoxyocimene (49.3â71.5%), (Z)-chrysanthemyl acetate (7.6â18%) and linalool (0.7â10.4%). In spite of the high intrapopulational variability, significant variations were observed for these three compounds. Root essential oil composition showed a high amount of hydrocarbon monoterpenes (43.8â55.1%) and monoterpenic esters (36.6â41.5%) with a noticeable seasonal stability except for some allelopathic oxygenated monoterpenes. As A. absinthium is a typical invasive species, knowing the seasonal variations of these compounds may be a first step to study their release in soil as a source for natural herbicides.'),(1645,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1045087','Analysis of essential oils isolated by steam distillation from<i>Swinglea glutinosa</i>fruits and leaves','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1045087',12,'https://openalex.org/W1591720687','Essential oils obtained by steam distillation from Swinglea glutinosa (Blanco) Merr. fruit peel or leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection systems. A total of sixty-seven compounds were found, sixty-four of which were common to both oils, although present in different relative amounts. The main component of the essential oils obtained from S. glutinosa fruit peel or leaves was trans-nerolidol (19.1% and 28.4%, respectively). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (50%) and their oxygenated analogues (35%) were the most abundant compound types in the leaf oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51%) were the principal compound family found in the oil obtained from fruit peels.'),(1646,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1045088','Study of quantitative and qualitative variations in essential oils of Sicilian oregano biotypes','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1045088',55,'https://openalex.org/W1696817369','Essential oil (EO) was extracted using hydrodistillation from samples of Origanum vulgare subspecies hirtum (Link) Ietswaart, gathered from the wild in various parts of Sicily, Italy; GC-FID and GC-MS analyses were subsequently performed. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between essential oil yields and the geographical distribution of oregano wild populations based on variations in environmental factors as collection sites. Moreover, the purpose was to group Origanum vulgare subspecies hirtum biotypes according to the chemical composition of the EO. The seven principal components in the EO was thymol (24.0â54.4%), γ-terpinene (9.8â30.5%), Ï-cymene (5.2â18.7%), α-terpinene (2.7â5.7%), carvacrol (0.3â8.3%), terpinen-4-ol (0.5â9.4%) and trans-sabinene hydrate (0.0â12.8%). All the biotypes analyzed were identified as thymol-chemotype. Statistical analysis shows that essential oil yields are mostly affected by weather/climate and topographic characteristics of the collection sites.'),(1647,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1060176','Aromas from Quebec. III. Composition of the essential oil and hydrolate of the roots of<i>Anthriscus sylvestris</i>(L.) Hoffm. from Saguenay','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1060176',6,'https://openalex.org/W1942005308','Three essential oil samples obtained by steam distillation from the rhizomes of Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. growing in Saguenay (Quebec, Canada) were found to differ significantly from the previously reported chemical profile from The Netherlands. The main compounds were β-phellandrene (25.1â66.4%), myrcene (8.7â48.4%), trans-sabinyl acetate (tr-5.6%) and cis-β-ocimene (2.6â4.4%), with an important variability between the three studied samples. The three tested oils contained a total of seventy-one identified compounds, which included elemicin, myristicin and apiole not detected previously in A. sylvestris. The hydrolates contained mainly trans-sabinyl acetate, tiglic acid, carvacrol, 3-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, terpinen-4-ol and elemicin. A total of sixty-five compounds were reported for the first time in the species, along with seven unknown compounds.'),(1648,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1064039','Volatile fraction differences for Lamiaceae species using different extraction methodologies','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1064039',7,'https://openalex.org/W1869059744','To achieve a detailed chemical characterization and to find the changes in the composition the volatiles of Lavandula latifolia, Salvia lavandulifolia and Thymus mastichina were analyzed through GC-FID/MS and a total of 47, 48 and 48 compounds were identified, respectively. 1,8-cineol+limonene was the main compound in the three species. Three extracting methodologies were used: hydrodistillation (HD), microdistillation (MD) and dichloromethane extraction (EX). The amount of volatile compounds was affected by the kind of method used and by the kind of species analyzed, thus, S. lavandulifolia produced a higher amount of volatiles with the EX and T. mastichina with MD. HD showed significantly lower amount of volatiles for the three species. With HD and MD a higher amount of β-pinene was obtained. MD produced a higher proportion of 1,8-cineol+limonene. Canonical discrimination function was done using the two most predictable compounds to distinguish among techniques revealing the method used for each species.'),(1649,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1064485','Effect of melatonin, salicylic acid and gibberellic acid on leaf essential oil and other secondary metabolites of bitter orange young seedlings','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1064485',53,'https://openalex.org/W1874889555','An investigation was carried out in order to estimate the biochemical changes occurring in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves in response to melatonin (MEL), gibberellic acid (GA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. We examined the effect of MEL, GA and SA on the essential oil (EO), the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of bitter orange leaves from 1-year-old plants. 15 μMMEL, 1 mMSA and 1.44 mMGA increased the total leaf phenolic and flavonoid content and enhanced FRAP and DPPH activity of leaf methanolic extracts. Salicylic acid and GA promoted the leaf essential oil content and affected significantly the concentration of limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate.'),(1650,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1065773','Chemical composition of essential oils of leaves and flowers from five cultivars of myrtle (<i>Myrtus communis</i>L.)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1065773',22,'https://openalex.org/W2207736260','The composition of essential oils extracted from leaves and flowers of five selected cultivars of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) growing in the same orchard was determined by GC/MS at the full bloom time. Yields of essential oil by hydrodistillation ranged from 1.2 to 3.2 g·kgâ1 of leaf fresh weight, while flower essential oil yield was comprised between 1.2 and 4.4 g·kgâ1. Fifty-one compounds were identified with a percentage of corresponding peak ranging from 94.3 to 99.8% of the total. The main components of the essential oils were 1,8-cineole, linalool, and α-terpineol. Dihydroeugenyl-butanoate was the main component of the flower oil of the \'Daniela\' cultivar with a rate of 19.45%, while in the \'Barbara\' flower oil reached the 21.24%. This compound was not previously detected in the essential oils of myrtle, as well as the dihydroeugenyl-pentanoate, which ranged from 1.40 to 6.82% when detected. Other main compounds of the essential oils were α-pinene, limonene, bornyl-acetate, eugenol, geranyl-acetate, and methyl-eugenol.'),(1651,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1065774','Effects of<i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum basilicum</i>essential oils on the growth of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>ATCC 29213 and gene expression of enterotoxins A, C and E','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1065774',8,'https://openalex.org/W2249179586','This study was conducted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Ocimum basilicum essential oils on Staphylococcus aureus and assess their effects at sub MIC levels on the growth and production of enterotoxins A, C and E. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation extraction using a Clevenger apparatus and characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The MICs of EOs were found to be 1% and 0.2% (v/v) for cinnamon and basil, respectively. After incubation for 360 minutes at 35°C, 50% and 75% MIC of basil (B) and 75% MIC of cinnamon (C) EO decreased the growth rate of S. aureus significantly (p < 0.05). When cultured with EOs at 75% MIC, the transcriptional levels of the enterotoxin genes and the amount of enterotoxins secreted by S. aureus decreased significantly. The inhibitory effect of basil EO against S. aureus, both in growth and enterotoxin secretion, was higher than cinnamon (p < 0.05).'),(1652,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1067650','Chemical constituents of leaf essential oils of four Scrophulariaceae species grown in Vietnam','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1067650',8,'https://openalex.org/W2258993503','In the present investigation, the essential oil compositions of four individual plants from Scrophulariaceae family cultivated in Vietnam were reported. The air-dried plants were hydrodistilled (Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia) and the oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The essential oils content varied between 0.15% and 0.40% (v/w) on a dry weight basis. Monoterpenes (74.0%â85.1) represent the main class of compound in the oils. Adenosma bracteosa Bon., afforded oil whose major compounds were carvacrol (37.2%), carvarol methyl ether (23.2%), α-bisabolene (15.9%) and γ-terpinene (9.2%). The oil of Adenosma indiana (Lour.) Merr., comprised mainly of limonene (25.1%), 1,8-cineole (20.1%) and α-pinene (17.2%). However, methyl benzoate (27.7%), pulegone (23.4%) and limonene (20.2%) were the significant compounds of Limnophila aromatica (Lour.) Merr., while Limnophila micrantha (Benth.) Benth., gave oil whose main compounds are mentha-1,5,8-triene (38.5%) and β-myrcene (24.4%).'),(1653,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1073184','Constituents of the essential oils from different organs of<i>Artemisia campestris</i>L. subsp.<i>campestris</i>','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1073184',11,'https://openalex.org/W2220742431','The essential oils from the inflorescences, flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Artemisia campestris L. subsp. campestris were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. About 120 compounds were identified. The inflorescence oil, flower oil and leaf oil contained mainly germacrene D (24.2%, 28.0% and 27.8%, respectively), β-caryophyllene (6.5%, 5.9% and 4.2%, respectively) and γ-humulene (4.9%, 6.2% and 8.2%, respectively). (Z)-falcarinol (19.0% and 38.8%, respectively) was the main constituent of the stem and root oils.'),(1654,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1076739','Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Algerian<i>Tetraclinis articulata</i>(Vahl) Masters','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1076739',14,'https://openalex.org/W2170673126','This study evaluates the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters from Algeria. The essential oils of fresh and dried leaves were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, identifying sixty-two and fifty-four volatile compounds representing 88% and 98% of the total essential oil composition, respectively. The main compounds of T. articulata essential leaf oils were α-pinene (36.1% in fresh, 44.1% in dried leaves), camphor (1.7%/20.1%), bornyl acetate (18.3%/3.1%), limonene (2.9%/5.0%), borneol (2.3%/3.1%), myrcene (2.2%/2.9%), β-caryophyllene (2.3%/1.3%) and camphene (1.5%/1.8%). The antimicrobial activity of T. articulata essential oils were tested against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, responsible for nosocomial infections. Essential oils of T. articulata were active on all pathogenic strains tested.'),(1655,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1076742','Essential oil composition of four<i>Ocimum</i>spp. from the Peninsular India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1076742',31,'https://openalex.org/W2191270350','Compositional characteristics of the essential oils of four Ocimum spp., namely Ocimum adscendens Willd., Ocimum gratissimum L., Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Ocimum americanum L. were examined using GC-FID, GC-MS, and hierarchical cluster analyses from peninsular India. The essential oil content varied from 1.0% to 2.0% in different Ocimum spp. Altogether eighty-four constituents, corresponding to 89.9â96.5% of the total oil compositions were identified. Major constituents of O. adscendens oil were eugenol (47.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.7%) and β-elemene (11.3%). O. gratissimum oil was characterized by the presence of higher amounts of eugenol (52.9%), caryophyllene oxide (7.2%) and (Z)-β-ocimene (3.5%). Major constituents of O. tenuiflorum oil were methyl eugenol (50.9%), caryophyllene oxide (7.5%) and (E)-caryophyllene (5.5%). Moreover, the oil of O. americanum was dominated by camphor (41.8%), limonene (7.1%), α-pinene (6.2%), β-selinene (5.6%) and camphene (5.0%). To the best of our knowledge, a detailed essential oil profile of O. adscendens is being reported for the first time.'),(1656,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1077165','Chemical profiling of essential oil of<i>Kaempferia galanga</i>L. germplasm from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1077165',36,'https://openalex.org/W2284510753','Kaempferia galanga L. (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as Kacholam, Kencur or aromatic ginger is an important medicinal plant of India which is extensively used in the preparation of both traditional and modern medicines. K. galanga germplasm collected from southern states of Kerala and Karnataka was evaluated for essential oil content and oil composition. Volatile oil isolated from rhizomes of K. galanga L. by hydrodistillation was analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Thirty-eight aroma compounds were identified in the rhizome oil representing 96.4% to 98.9% of total oil. The two major compounds identified were trans-ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (28.4â70.0%) and trans-ethyl cinnamate(11.5â26.6%) which constituted 50.3% to 84.8% of total oil. Other important chemical compounds present were δ-3-carene (0.1â6.5%), 1,8-cineole (0.2â5.2%), borneol (1.0â2.4%), pentadecane (6.0â16.5%). Trans-ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate and trans-ethyl cinnamate were found to be the most vital constituents responsible for most of the pharmacological properties of K. galanga plant. Hence, the promising accessions identified in the study could be exploited for large-scale cultivation of this plant for obtaining higher yields of pharmacologically important constituents.'),(1657,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1077166','Changes in essential oil content and composition of Tansy (<i>Tanacetum vulgare</i>L.) under foliar application of salicylic and orthophosphoric acids','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1077166',11,'https://openalex.org/W2185997802','The essential oil (EO) content and composition of Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) were studied under foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and orthophosphoric acid (P). Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of EOs from the plant. Different concentrations of SA (0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm) and P (0, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2%) were applied to the plant at different stages of growth including vegetative, floral budding, and full flowering. Based on the results, SA, P and SA Ã P significantly (p â¤ 0.05) affected the EO content and chemical composition of the plant. The EO contents (w/w %) ranged from 0.65% to 1%. The total of 29â37 components were identified in the EO samples. The major EO compounds under different SA, P, and SA Ã P treatments were camphene (0.6â6.2%), sabinene (0.4â6.1%), camphor (4.2â30.4%), trans-thujone (2.4â54%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (0.8â52.1%) and germacrene D (2.9â5.7%).'),(1658,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1079274','<i>In-vitro</i>Mycological activity of essential oil from<i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>rhizomes','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1079274',14,'https://openalex.org/W2196288100','The volatile oil (1.12%) from the Z. zerumbet rhizomes were extracted using Clevengerâs distillation. The GC and GC-MS profile of the Z. zerumbet volatiles revealed several components of which Zerumbone was the principal compound (49.8%) followed by α-Caryophyllene (20.1%) and trace of other compounds. The antifungal property of volatiles was studied against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus. The fungal species were susceptible to volatiles, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 160 ppm for A. flavus and 175 ppm for A. ochraceus.The studies with the food toxigenic organisms treated with volatiles were significant. It revealed substantial inhibition of mycelia, spore germination, reduction in biomass, carbohydrate, protein, chitin and genetic constituents. The inhibitory action of zerumbet volatile oil on A. flavus and A. ochraceus involves cell wall damage and distortion in the metabolism. The SEM of A. flavus and A .ocharceus illustrates that treatment with the oil leads to distortion of hyphae and the absence of conidiophores. The Z. zerumbet volatiles (100 ppm) were found to be antimycotoxin on maize as food substrates and were dose-dependent on confirmation by HPLC. Z. zerumbet oil is potentially useful as biopreservative because of its antifungal and antimycotoxin efficacy.'),(1659,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1081415','Chemical diversity in the volatiles of<i>Perilla frutescens</i>(L.) Britt. populations from Uttarakhand Himalaya (India)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1081415',10,'https://openalex.org/W2192181278','The seeds of Perilla frutescens L. Britt. (Lamiaceae) were collected from twelve wild populations and grown in Doon valley climatic conditions of Uttarakhand Himalaya (India).The essential oils obtained, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for their intra-specific chemical diversity. The essential oil yield in the leaves of all the populations varied from 0.15% to 0.36%. Altogether, sixteen volatile compounds were identified and a variation in their contents was found. 1-(3-Furanyl)-4-methyl-1-pentanone (perillaketone) was found to be the most abundant volatile compound (44.4â69.2%), followed by isoegomaketone (7.3â27.6%), trans-caryophyllene (0.1â17.8%) and linalool (0.3â5.0%). Cluster as well as principal component analysis was performed to determine the chemical variability which showed two major groups among the populations.'),(1660,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1082947','Essential oil composition of<i>Teucrium polium</i>L. fruits','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1082947',19,'https://openalex.org/W2184256921','The essential oil content in the fruits of the native species Teucrium polium growing wild in south of Iran was found to be 1.2% based on the fresh weight. The oil was analyzed by GC and GCâMS. Forty-five constituents, representing 91.2% of the oil were identified. The major components of the oil were α-pinene (18.2%), elemol (14.5%), β-pinene (10.1%), cubenol (10.0%), and limonene (5.0%).'),(1661,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1083489','Composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of<i>Artemisia nilagirica</i>var.<i>septentrionalis</i>from India','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1083489',8,'https://openalex.org/W2270003531','Essential oil composition of the aerial parts of Artemisia nilagirica (Clarke) Pamp. var. septentrionalis Pamp. was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS methods. Altogether forty-one constituents were identified, accounting for 95.9% of total composition. The essential oil was characterized by monoterpenoids (76.6%) represented by artemisia ketone (62.6%), artemisia alcohol (3.7%), perillene (3.1%), bornyl acetate (1.4%), along with sesquiterpenoids (16.1%) viz. β-caryophyllene (3.5%), α-muurolol (3.5%), δ-cadinene (2.1%) and germacrene D (1.8%). Essential oil was tested against nine pathogenic bacterial strains viz. Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 2940), Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium. Based on zone of inhibition and MIC/MBC results, it is concluded that the essential oil of A. nilagirica var. septentrionalis exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-2940), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96) and Bacillus subtilis, and moderate activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Streptococcus mutans.'),(1662,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1083490','Chemical characterization and antifungal activity of<i>Poliomintha longiflora</i>Mexican oregano','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1083490',17,'https://openalex.org/W2142606722','Oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (EO) has been extensively examined as an antimicrobial agent; in Mexico, the study has focused on one of the Mexican oreganos, Lippia berlandieri. Thus, the aim of this research was to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize compounds present in Poliomintha longiflora EO, another of the Mexican oreganos, and to determine its antifungal activity against several phytopathogenic molds. P. longiflora EO was obtained by steam distillation; its chemical characterization was performed by GC and GC-MS, elucidating up to twenty-eight different chemical components, including thymol (37.2%), carvacrol (24.6%), isothymolmethyl ether (8.3%), and p-cymene (8.1%). Quantitative characterization of the two major isomers determined that thymol concentration (0.332 g/g) was higher than carvacrol (0.176 g/g). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus flavus, Botrytis cinerea, or Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were determined. MICs of 1.2 and 1.4 g/L of P. longiflora EO were determined for P. expansum and A. flavus, while for B. cinerea and C. gloeosporioides MICs were 0.8 and 1.0 g/L, respectively. P. longiflora EO presented three chemical components (thymol, carvacrol, and p-cymene) that provide commercial value for oreganos from this species; furthermore, the concentration of these bioactive compounds makes P. longiflora EO a good antifungal agent.'),(1663,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1083491','Investigation of peel and leaf essential oils of<i>Citrus clementina</i>Hort. ex Tan. growing in the south of Vietnam','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1083491',13,'https://openalex.org/W2268991366','The essential oils from peels and leaves of Citrus clementine Hort. ex Tan. were extracted via two methods: conventional hydrodistillation (CHD) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). Their physicochemical properties were investigated. Their chemical compositions of the oils were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of forty-one and seventy-seven compounds of the total essential oil composition of the peels and leaves respectively were identified. The peel oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons in which limonene was the main component (95.48% [CHD], and 95.03% [MAHD]). The leaf oils were also dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons with sabinene (26.02% [CHD], and 19.52% [MAHD]), β-elemene (10.50% [CHD], and 18.04% [MAHD]), linalool (9.88% [CHD], and 7.51% [MAHD]), (E)-β-ocimene (5.87% [CHD], and 5.00% [MAHD]), β-caryophyllene (4.04% [CHD], and 7.49% [MAHD]), and δ-selinene (4.76% [CHD], and 8.02% [MAHD]) as major components. The oil contents of peels were obtained with 5.31% and 5.67% by CHD method and MAHD method, respectively. The oil contents of the leaves were obtained with 0.33% and 0.20% by CHD method and MAHD method, respectively. The antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion antibiotic sensitivity assay) of the oils was investigated against six reference test organisms including two Gram (+) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), three Gram (-) bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri), and one fungus (Candida albicans).'),(1664,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1090935','Terpenoid composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from<i>Inula cappa</i>(Buch-Ham. ex. D. Don) DC','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1090935',15,'https://openalex.org/W2272777816','The essential oil from Inula cappa (Buch-Ham. ex. D. Don) DC (Asteraceae), growing wild in the central Himalayan region (India), was analyzed by capillary GC and GC-MS. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons constituted almost 50% of the oil. Total fifty-four constituents were identified which represented 90.2% of the oil. β-Caryophyllene (27.5%), cis-dihydro-mayurone (6.7%), β-bisabolene (6.5%) and (E)-β-farnesene (5.6%) were found to be the principal constituents. The oil was tested against ten bacterial strains and showed significant activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Xanthomonas phaseoli, and Bacillus subtilis. This is the first report of bioactivity and essential oil composition from I. cappa.'),(1665,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1090936','Composition, chemical variability and effect of distillation time on leaf and fruits essential oils of<i>Myrtus communis</i>from north western Algeria','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1090936',13,'https://openalex.org/W2228703951','The chemical variability of the essential oils isolated from Myrtus communis L. leaves and fruits collected from the North western Algeria was evaluated along with a hydrodistillation time-course study of the essential oil main components. M. communis essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils yields ranged between 0.28% and 0.77% (w/d.w.). Although in variable ranges the leaf (L) and the fruits (F) essential oils were characterized by the dominance of the same compounds: α-pinene (23â49% and 21â43% for L and F, respectively), 1,8-cineole (10â24% and 5-31% for L and F, respectively); limonene (11â30% and 9â35% for L and F, respectively); and linalool (2â32% and 1â7% for L and F, respectively). For the first time, Algerian linalool-rich myrtle essential oils (>30%) are described. Higher relative amounts of α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene and linalool can be obtained with shorter distillation times.'),(1666,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1091790','Essential oils from the plant, hairy root cultures and shoot cultures of Egyptian<i>Anethum graveolens</i>(dill)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1091790',4,'https://openalex.org/W2277288497','Transformed roots of Anethum graveolens were obtained after inoculation of aseptically grown seedlings with wild type Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834. Comparisons were made between the essential oils, analysed by GC and GC-MS, from the hairy roots, in vitro shoot cultures, fruits and from roots and aerial parts of the parent plant. The main components of the essential oils from the fruits were carvone, dill apiole and limonene, whereas dill ether and p-cymene were the major components of the oils from the aerial parts. Dill apiole and α-phellandrene were the main constituents of the oil from the in vitro shoot cultures, while dill apiole, apiole, myristicin and falcarinol were the main constituents of the oils isolated from hairy root cultures and roots of the parent plant. Quantitative but not qualitative differences were found between the essential oils from the roots of parent plant and those from the hairy root cultures. The essential oil yield of hairy root cultures was higher than that of the roots of the parent plant based on fresh weight calculation.'),(1667,'10.1080/10412905.2015.1092478','Histochemical characterization of secretory ducts and essential oil analysis of<i>Protium</i>species (Burseraceae)','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1092478',17,'https://openalex.org/W2236972286','One feature of the Protium genus is the presence of secretory ducts associated with the phloem. These ducts are characterized by the production of essential oils with different classes of secondary metabolites. In light of this observation, the purpose of this study was to determine which secondary metabolites are present in the secretory ducts of P. aracouchini, P. heptaphyllum, P. icicariba and P. warmingianum using histochemical tests and essential oil chemical analysis. The essential oils are present at different levels and compositions in the four studied species; other metabolites also varied from species to species. Variation was observed among the essential oil classes with oxygenated sesquiterpenes being the most representative class found in the species studied. The major component of all species was caryophyllene oxide; thus, it may be regarded as a genus characteristic. Through the results obtained, characteristics common to all species were defined, enabling the segregation of the species and the use of these commonalities in taxonomic studies of the genus.'),