Abstract The essential oils of seven Teucrium species (T. arduini L., T. botrys L., T. chamaedrys L., T. flavum L., T. montanum L., T. polium L., T. scordium L.) growing wild in Serbia and Montenegro were studied by GC and GC/MS. More than 60 compounds were identified. The main constituents of T. arduini and T. chamaedrys oils were β-caryophyllene (24.5%; 26.9%) and germacrene D (21.9%; 22.8%), respectively. The oil of T. botrys contained β-caryophyllene (20.4%), α-humulene (13.9%) and (E)-β-farnesene (17.7%), while T. flavum oil contained α-pinene (17.5%), β-pinene (11.5) and β-bisabolene (35.0%). T. scordium oil was rich in α-pinene (17.7%) and β-pinene (10.0 %), while T. montanum oil contained α-pinene (12.4%), germacrene D (15.0%) and β-eudesmol (10.1%). Finally, β-pinene (19.8%), and germacrene D (11.9%) were dominant constituents of T. polium oil