Abstract The composition of the essential oil of Oliveria decumbens Vent, was analyzed by means of capillary GC and GC/MS. Among the 14 components identified in the oil, thymol (37.2%), carvacrol (22.1%), Î³-terpinene (12.8%), p-cymene (11.8%) and myristicin (9.6%) were found to be the major constituents.