Abstract The essential oils of Phlomis aucheri and Phlomis elliptica have been investigated by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine compounds of Ph. aucheri and fifty-eight of Ph. elliptica representing 91.2% and 90.1% of the oil samples were identified, respectively. Caryophyllene-type compounds comprised 63.8% of the oil of Ph. aucheri and the main constituents of this oil were caryophyllene oxide (33.5%), β-caryophyllene (27.0%) and β-selinene (10.2%), while for Ph. elliptica, the dominant structures were aliphatic hydrocarbons with hexadecanoic acid (19.1%), linoleic acid (10.2%) and β-selinene (9.9%) as the predominant compounds. Key Word Index: Phlomis aucheri Phlomis elliptica Lamiaceaeessential oil compositionβ-caryophyllenecaryophyllene oxideβ-selinenehexadecanoic acidlinoleic acid