Abstract The essential oils of leaves and fruit pericarps of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oil contained only monoterpene hydrocarbons (98.2%); among them, Î±-pinene (26.5%), myrcene (30.0%) and (E)-Î²-ocimene (31.9%) were most predominant. The composition of the fruit oil is more diverse, with 85.5% of monoterpenoids and a fairly large proportion of oxygenated compounds (30.9%), among which linalool (11.3%) and geranial (9.5%) were the most abundant. Both the leaf and fruit oils contained fairly large amounts of (E)-Î²-ocimene 31.9% and 41.5%, respectively.