Abstract Phellolophium madagascariensis Baker is an aromatic plant, used in traditional medicine to fight both cough and hysteria. The isolation of oil by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts produced a yield of 0.95% (v/m). GC and GC/MS analyses enabled the identification of 33 components, representing 99.3% of the oil. Limonene and sabinene were the major constituents, respectively, at 58.5% and 30.25% in the oil. Pharmacological tests on isolated organsâtracheaâof guinea pigs have been undertaken and results would justify the collected ethnobotanical data. Key Word Index: Phellolophium madagascariensis Umbellifereaeessential oil compositionlimonenesabinenepharmacological tests