Abstract Volatile constituents of the Biblical Cedar of Lebanon from the ancient Lebanese forests were studied using GC/MS and compared to the composition of C. libani traditionally grown in Jerusalem, α-pinene (16-27%), β-pinene (2-13%), myrcene (3-6%) and limonene (4-7%) constituted a bulk of needle volatiles, while sesquiterpenes α- and β-himachalene (about 53% total) represented the major part of the wood volatiles. Manool, atlantones, β-himachalene oxide and longiborneol were found to be main oxygenated constituents of Lebanese Cedarwood extract.