Abstract The essential oils of three different parts (roots, leaves and fruits) of Diplotaenia cachrydifolia were investigated by GC/MS. The oil yield of dried parts obtained by hydrodistillation were 0.33%, 1.67% and 2.9% (v/dw), respectively. Thirty-five compounds representing 92.7%, 97.9% and 97.7% of the root, leaf and fruit oils were identified, respectively. Major constituents of root oil were isomyristicin (21.4%), α-phellandrene (18.8%), β-phellandrene (9.8%), methyl oleate (9.6%), p-cymene (7.6%) and (E)-isodillapiole. However, the characteristic compounds of leaf and fruit oils were terpinolene (64.1%, 69.34%), (E)-dillapiole (17.59%, 7.7%), β-phellandrene (4.5%, 67.0%) and (E) β-ocimene (2.3%, 3.8%), respectively. The oil constituents of the leaves and fruits were found to be similar. However, the amounts of isomyristicin, α-phellandrene and methyloleate in the roots were higher than those of leaves and fruits.