Abstract The volatile compounds from fruits of Talisia esculenta harvested in northeastern Brazil, were obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified and pyrazines were the major compounds (representing 64.8â70.4% of the oil), mainly 2,5-diethylpyrazine (64.2â69.1%). Oxygenated monoterpenes also predominated (6.6â6.8% of the oil) besides high abundance of furfural (18.0â22.8%). Key Word Index: Talisia esculenta Sapindaceaepitombaessential oil composition2,5-diethylpyrazinefurfural