The volatile compounds from roots, stems, and leaves of Valeriana hardwickii and Valeriana officinalis were obtained by microdistillation and analyzed by gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector (GCâFID) and gas chromatographyâmass spectometry (GCâMS). In V. hardwickii, sixty-two, thirty-one, and thirty-one components were identified representing 90, 90, and 92% of total oil in the roots, stems, and leaves, respectively. The major compounds in the root oil were camphene (12.9%), bornyl acetate (17.6%), and maaliol (10.6%), while borneol (6.2%), trans-anethole (32.7%), and maaliol (6.3%) were the dominant components in the stem oil and camphene (12.6%), bornyl acetate (15.0%), and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.2%) were the principal components in the leaf oil. In V. officinalis, bornyl acetate (7.8%), Î´-elemene (9.3%), and valerenal (14.7%) were the dominant components in the roots among fifty-four compounds identified which accounted for 80% of the total oil. In contrast to V. hardwickii, the stems and roots of V. officinalis contained very small amounts of essential oil and consequently, only a few compounds were identified in the leaves and none could be detected in the stems.