Abstract The chemical composition of fresh aerial parts oil of Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss. was examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-eight components were identified representing 98.1% of the total oil. The main components were β-eudesmol (36.9%), α-eudesmol (16.3%) and γ-eudesmol (14.1%). Key Word Index: Alkanna orientalis Boraginaceaeessential oil compositionβ-eudesmolα-eudesmolγ-eudesmol.