Abstract Crushed fruits and herbal parts of Pimpinella anisetum, endemic in Turkey, were separately hydrodistilled. The oils were analyzed by GC/MS. Nine compounds representing 100% of the oil were identified in the fruit oil whereas 24 compounds making up 99.2% of the oil were characterized in the oil obtained from aerial parts. (E)-anethole (77.1% and 55.2%) and methyl chavicol (22.4% and 41.9%) were main constituents in the fruit and herb oils, respectively.