Abstract The chemical composition of essential oils of stems, leaves (at vegetative and flowering stages) and flowers of Eugenia chlorophylla O. Berg., (Myrtaceae) obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Thirty-four components were identified, representing more than 80% of total oil. The major components were Î²-caryophyllene (flowers â12.8%), caryophyllene oxide (stemsâ17.2%), globulol (stemsâ16.5%; leavesâ22.5% at vegetative stage and 18.9% at flowering stage), 1-epi-cubenol (stems â10.9%), epiâÎ±âmuurolol (stemsâ16.8%) and Î±âcadinol (stemsâ12.1%; flowers â10.1%). The oils were evaluated against 20 strains of bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and yeasts. All oils showed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity associated mainly with Gram-positive bacteria and yeasts.