Abstract Essential oils from leaves of Eucalyptus grandis and E. urophylla collected in two seasons of Brazilian Cerrado were investigated by GC and GC/MS. 1,8-Cineole, α-pinene, α-terpinyl acetate, and p-cymene were the main constituents. The results were submitted to Principal Components and Clusters Analysis which enabled four groups of oils to be distinguished with regard to specimens and harvest seasons: clusters I and II with only E. grandis samples collected in the cold and dry winter and the hot and humid summer, which were characterized by a high percentage of isoleptospermone (9.6% and 13.2%), α-pinene (12.2% and 24.7%), p-cymene (20.5% and 14.5%), and α-terpineol (14.3% and 4.9%), respectively; clusters III and IV only associated with E. urophylla samples collected in summer and winter with 1,8-cineole (36.6% and 44.7%) and α-terpinyl acetate (7.0% and 11.7%) rich oils. Canonical discriminant analysis showed that it is possible to accurately predict 96% well-classification in the original clusters using α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol, and isoleptospermone as predictor variables.