INSERT INTO `bibliography` VALUES (2043,'10.1590/s1517-83822014000300009','Chemical composition of essential oil from ripe fruit of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and evaluation of its activity against wild strains of hospital origin','Brazilian Journal of Microbiology',2014,'https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822014000300009',81,'https://openalex.org/W2122418321','The essential oil (EO) composition of ripe fruit of S. terebinthifolius Raddi was analyzed by GC-MS. The oil extraction yielded 6.54 ± 1.06% (w/w). Seventeen compounds were identified, accounting for 91.15% of the total oil, where monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class (85.81%), followed by sesquiterpenes (5.34%). The major monoterpene identified was δ-3-carene (30.37%), followed by limonene (17.44%), α-phellandrene (12.60%) and α-pinene (12.59%). Trans-caryophyllene (1.77%) was the major sesquiterpene identified. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated against wild strains of hospital origin (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella oxytoca, Corynebacterium sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter sp., Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus sp., Nocardia sp. and Streptococcus group D). The essential oil of the ripe fruit of S. terebinthifolius Raddi has shown to be active against all tested wild strains, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 3.55 μg/mL to 56.86 μg/mL. However, it has revealed some differences in susceptibility: the general, Gram-positive species showed greater sensitivity to the action of EO, which is probably due to the lower structural complexity of their cell walls.'),(2044,'10.16970/entoted.656071','Fumigant toxicity of essential oil of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) to Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)','Turkish Journal of Entomology',2020,'https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.656071',10,'https://openalex.org/W3014813983','In this study, vapor of essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation of Hypericum perforatum L., 1753 (Malpighiales: Hypericaceae) was tested on the different stages of Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The larvae, pupae and adult stages of T. molitor were exposed to different doses of H. perforatum essential oil for 24 h. After exposure, mortality rate, LC50, LC90 and LC99 values, antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the insects. Tenebrio molitor was cultured at Gazi University Department of Biology and all analyses were done in Yozgat Bozok University in 2017 and 2018. The results indicated that the pupae of T. molitor were the most tolerant and adults were the most sensitive. Mortality increased with the increasing concentration of essential oil. Also, increasing doses of essential oil caused decreasing in SOD, CAT, GST GPx and AChE activities and increasing in MDA level. These results indicate that essential oil of H. perforatum can be used against T. molitor in a pest control program.'),(2045,'10.17221/3536-cjfs','Essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. in Turkey','Czech Journal of Food Sciences',2002,'https://doi.org/10.17221/3536-cjfs',164,'https://openalex.org/W2346959311','The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation of the overground parts of Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L. from Turkey were examined by GC-MS. A total of 49 and 41 components, respectively, were identified accounting for 88.1% and 74.4% of the oils of O. basilicum and O. minimum, respectively. The oil of O. basilicum contained, as main components, methyl eugenol (78.02%), α-cubebene (6.17%), nerol (0.83%) and ε-muurolene (0.74%). Major compounds in the volatile oil of O. minimum were geranyl acetate (69.48%), terpinen-4-ol (2.35%) and octan-3-yl-acetate (0.72%). The essential oil of O. basilicum was characterised by its high content of methyl eugenol (78.02%), whereas the most important essential oil constituent of O. minimum was geranyl acetate (69.48%).'),(2046,'10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-07','Essential Oil and Leaves from Lantana camara Significantly Ameliorate Different Cancer Cell Lines by Suppressing the NF-κB Pathway','Sains Malaysiana',2021,'https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-07',18,'https://openalex.org/W3209128341','The anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of wild-sage (Lantana camara) leaves essential oil were evaluated against various human cell lines. In this regard, steam hydro-distillation technique was used for oil extraction. Chemical characterization of L. camara essential oil (LCEO) was done by GC-MS, and forty one chemical components (98.69%) were detected in leaves of LCEO. The major constituents were caryophyllene oxide (19.63%), caryophyllene (6.68%), β-phellandrene (6.48%), humulene epoxide II (5.68%), spathulenol (4.17%), α-pinene (3.27%), eucalyptol (3.09%), α-cyclocitral (2.89%), β-pinene (2.38%), and nerolidol II (2.33%). Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of LCEO were also examined. LCEO also showed good anti-inflammatory activity. Interestingly, it was found that the L. camara essential oil was active against a set of microbial strains along with promising antioxidant activity. The MTT assay showed that LCEO possessed good anticancer potential against U-266, A-549, HCT-116, SCC-4, MiaPaCa 2, and KBM-5 cancer cell lines. In these cell lines, it was depicted that the LCEO blocked the tumor cell proliferation via NF-κB pathway suppression. The promising and potent bioactivities of LCEO support the candidature of these essential oils as an anticancer agent.'),(2047,'10.17807/orbital.v10i6.1008','Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Mint (Mentha spicata L.) and Surinam Cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.)','Orbital - The Electronic Journal of Chemistry',2018,'http://doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v10i6.1008',7,'https://openalex.org/W2895762192','Essential Oils (EOs) of plants are commonly commercially produced for their scents. However, they have also aroused great interest due to their functional properties as antimicrobial substances. The aim of this work was to characterise the chemical composition and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of mint (Mentha spicata L.) and surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) EOs. The EOs were obtained by water vapour entrapment in a Clevenger-type distiller and the chemical characterization was performed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The microdilution method was used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for bacteria causing foodborne diseases. Chromatographic analysis of mint EO revealed the presence of 28 distinct components, of which 18 were identified, composing about 90% of the total mass. The major component linalool (58.51%), carvone and compound 19 (total of 15.1%, compounds with overlapping curves on the chromatogram), and terpinen-4-ol (5.73%) were the most abundant compounds. In the chemical characterization of the surinam cherry EO, 16 compounds were found, of which 10 were identified, with more than 75% of the mixture comprising selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one and selina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one epoxide. Mint EO had a MIC between 1.60 and 3.20 mu L.mL(-1). The surinam cherry EO did not inhibit bacterial growth in this study (MIC&gt; 25.60 mu L.mL(-1)).'),(2048,'10.20944/preprints202106.0032.v1','Backhousia citriodora F. Muell. (Lemon Myrtle), an Unrivaled Source of Citral','Preprints.org',2021,'https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202106.0032.v1',15,'https://openalex.org/W3167536437','Lemon oils are amongst the highest volume and most frequently traded of the flavour and fragrance essential oils. Citronellal and citral are considered the key components responsible for the lemon note with citral (neral + geranial) preferred. Of the myriad of sources of citral, the Australian myrtaceous tree, Backhousia citriodora, is considered superior. This review examines the history, natural occurrence, the cultivation, the taxonomy, the chemistry, the biological activity, the toxicology, standardisation and the commercialisation of Backhousia citriodora especially in relation to its essential oil.'),(2049,'10.21448/ijsm.989436','Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils and extracts from cones of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Masters','International Journal of Secondary Metabolite',2021,'https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.989436',13,'https://openalex.org/W3214714477','This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of essential oils and organic extracts of Moroccan Tetraclinis articulata cones (Khemisset region). The GCâMS analysis of essential oils identified a total 23 volatile components. The major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (18.33%), cis-verbenone (10.02%), and L-pinocarveol (8. 32%). For phytosterols analysis of hexane extract, β-sitosterol constitutes the majority with a percentage of 77.74%. The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was high in the methanol extract (78.54±2.8 mg GAE / g and 41.11± 4.5 mg QE/g, respectively) and the Antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH method showed a strongest radical scavenging activity exhibition by the methanol extract (IC50=0.038±0.006 mg/mL). The results indicated that T. articulata contains bioactive compounds which are responsible for its antioxidant activity. Therefore, this plant could be potential candidates for the preparation of a natural antioxidant drug or an additive preparation.'),(2050,'10.21577/1984-6835.20190039','Cytotoxic Activity of Chemical Constituents and Essential Oil from the Leaves of Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae)','Revista Virtual de Química',2019,'https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20190039',15,'https://openalex.org/W2942219952','Cancer is a health problem affecting a large part of the world population. In this context, several research groups have investigated molecules with higher efficiency and lower side effects. The species Leonotis nepetifolia is a shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae family with cytotoxicity activity reported in literature. This paper describes the isolation of compounds hentriacontane, phytyl palmitate, stigmasteryl glucoside, 6,7dimethoxy-5,3\',4\'trihidroxyflavone, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside from extracts and the chemical composition of essential oil from the leaves of Brazilian L. nepetifolia species in addition to its in vitro cytotoxic activities. All compounds were identified by a series of spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, mainly NMR (1D and 2D) and GC-MS, as well as by comparison with literature data. The cytotoxic activity of isolated compounds and essential oil was performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, against tumor cell lines HCT-116 (human colon) and SF-295 (glioblastoma). The alcohol 1-octen-3-ol was the majoritary compound of the essential oil and the compounds hentriacontane, phytyl palmitate, stigmasteryl glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were describes for the first time in this species. All compounds tested and essential oil showed low cytotoxic activity for the cell lines tested, suggesting that other phytochemical studies should be conducted for the discovery of compounds responsible by cytotoxic activity of the species.'),(2051,'10.22034/jmpb.2023.360977.1520','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2052,'10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.032','Two new alkaloids and a carbohydrate compound from the species Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. Ex lam., family apiaceae','Can Tho University Journal of Science',2016,'https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.032',3,'https://openalex.org/W2587466608','Continuing to the chemical study on Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. we now focus on the method for extracting alkaloid compound. From the average polarity extract, two isoquinoline alkaloids as tetrahydropalmatine (1), (-)-(S)-xylopinine (2) and a carbohydrate: ethyl 2-O-α-fructofuranoside (3) were isolated and identified. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated based on the data of NMR, ESIâMS spectroscopic techniques and comparison with the reported documents. This was the first report about these compounds on the genus Hydrocotyle. The isolation research has been continued.'),(2053,'10.2298/jsc0710961c','Essential oil analysis of two endemic Eryngium species from Serbia','Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society',2007,'https://doi.org/10.2298/jsc0710961c',46,'https://openalex.org/W2081983037','The volatile composition of two Eryngium species was studied. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and their analyses were performed by GC and GC-MS. A total of 58 different compounds were identified. Their main constituents were as follows: E. serbicum: germacrene D (19.7 %), ?-elemene (10.0 %) and spathulenol (6.9 %); E. palmatum: sesquicineole (21.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (16.0 %), spathulenol (16.0 %) and sabinene (5.5 %). The main portion in both studied taxa consisted of sesquiterpenes. .'),(2054,'10.23893/1307-2080.aps.05611','The essential oils of two achillea l. species from turkey','ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia',2018,'https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.aps.05611',1,'https://openalex.org/W2802572947','Chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Achillea biebersteinii Afan. and A. wilhelmsii C. Koch were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The essential oils of A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii were characterized by the presence of a high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes 72.9% and 49%, respectively. Sixty-four compounds were identified in the essential oil of aerial parts of A. biebersteinii representing 95.9 % of the essential oil. The main components of A. biebersteinii essential oil were 1,8-cineole (34.6%) and camphor (12.9%). Fourty-two compounds were identified in the essential oil of aerial parts of A. wilhelmsii representing 88.2 % of the essential oil. Main component of the essential oil of A. wilhelmsii was determined as camphor (32.0%).'),(2055,'10.2478/acph-2022-0001','UPLC-HRESI-MS and GC-MS analysis of the leaves of <i>Nicotiana glauca</i>','Acta Pharmaceutica',2021,'https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2022-0001',10,'https://openalex.org/W3197543527','Abstract The alkaloid-rich fraction obtained by fractionation of the crude methanolic extract of the leaves of wild tobacco tree Nicotiana glauca Graham (Solanaceae) was analyzed using UPLC-MS and GC-MS. Anabasine, a piperidine alkaloid, was identified as the major constituent with approximately 60 % ( m / m ) of the alkaloid-rich fraction. In addition to anabasine, six secondary metabolites were identified using high-resolution UPLC-MS. Anabasine was quantified in the leaves to be 1 mg g â1 dry plant material. The GC-MS analysis revealed five compounds with anabasine as the major component, while nicotine was not detected. Moreover, GC-MS was used for the analysis of the volatile oil that was obtained by hydro-distillation from the leaves of N. glauca . The volatile plant oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes ( e.g ., β -bisabolol) and carboxylic acids and esters ( e.g ., ethyl linoleate and hexadecanoic acid), whereas anabasine was not detected.'),(2056,'10.2478/cipms-2014-0013','Essential oil composition and variability of Hypericum perforatum L. from wild population in Kosovo','Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences',2014,'https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2014-0013',15,'https://openalex.org/W1608353338','Abstract Aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) were collected from five wild populations in Kosovo, with aim to investigate the chemical composition and natural variation of essential oils between wild populations. This species could be considered of economic potential as it is widespread in Kosovo, on the other hand H. perforatum is one of the best-known medicinal herbs used in Kosovo folk medicine. Essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-seven components were identified. The yields of essential oils differed depending on the population and ranged from 0.04 to 0.26% based on dry weight. The aerial parts of H. perforatum were characterized by the following main constituents: 2-methyl-octane (1.1-15.5%), α-pinene (3.7-36.5%), β-caryophyllene (1.2-12.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.3-17.7%) and n-tetradecanol (3.6- 10.4%). Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that the concentration of components depends on the origin of the plant populations, thus α-pinene and 2-methyl-octane were present in the highest concentration in population originating from Gjakove, Prizren and Ferizaj, whereas in the populations originating from Peje and Prishtine the most abundant constituents were caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene and n-tetradecanol. Further investigation is needed to establish the natural variability and chemopolymorphism of this species in the territory of Kosovo, which should be supported by molecular level analyses.'),(2057,'10.25135/rnp.22.17.06.040','Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Flowers and Stems of Ageratum conyzoides from Ivory Coast','Records of Natural Products',2017,'https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.22.17.06.040',40,'https://openalex.org/W2775232183','The essential oils (EOs) obtained by hydro-distillation of flowers and stems of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) growing in Ivory Coast were investigated. The oils were analyzed and characterized by GC and GC-MS. Analyses of the EOs led to the identification and quantification of 48 constituents in the flower oil and 44 from the stem oil, respectively. Characterization of the EOs revealed the predominance of 6-demethoxyageratochromene or precocene I (flower: 58.8%, stem: 76.5%) and the sesquiterpene -caryophyllene (flower: 15.2%, stem: 8.1%). Six of the identified compounds -copaene, hexanal, trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene, -calacorene, caryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene-5-ol and 1,10-di-epi-cubenol are reported for the first time as constituents of A. conyzoides. Comparative analysis with data from Nigeria, Pakistan, Fiji and Brazil is reported. The antibacterial activity of EOs from of A. conyzoides was tested against seven bacteria. The inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for bacteria strains which were sensitive to A. conyzoides EOs were in the range of 6.7 to 12.7 mm and 64 to 256 g/mL, respectively. The EOs showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.'),(2058,'10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.6','Chemical Composition of Moroccan Commercial Essential Oils of Mint: Mentha Spicata, Mentha Piperita, and Mentha Pulegium','Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research',2023,'https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v7i4.6',9,'https://openalex.org/W4372350313','Mentha is a plant native to the Mediterranean region and is cultivated throughout the world due to its use in different areas. Mentha Spicata, Mentha Piperita, and Mentha Pulegium are among the most important aromatic plants of this genus. Recent studies have shown that the essential oils of these plants contain components that are active in the oral cavity due to their antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the composition of these essential oils can be modified by environmental factors such as light, precipitation, the growing site, and soil, which might directly influence their activities. The purpose of this study is to physically and chemically characterize the different commercial essential oils of mint: spearmint, peppermint, and pennyroyal in order to determine their quality. These essential oils were collected from different regions in Morocco. The quality of the essential oils was determined by organoleptic properties and analysis of their constituents using thin layer chromatographic (TLC) technique. The results&nbsp;showed variations in the composition of some major components of these essential oils.'),(2059,'10.29228/jrp.219','In vitro inhibitory activity of Annona squamosa leaves against enzymes associated with metabolic disorders','Journal of Research in Pharmacy',2022,'https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.219',0,'https://openalex.org/W4295023922','NA'),(2060,'10.29356/jmcs.v64i2.1093','GC-MS Analysis of Volatile Organic Constituents of Traditionally Used Medicinal Plants from the Western Ghats of India: Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce., Heliotropium indicum L. and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.','Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society',2020,'https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v64i2.1093',18,'https://openalex.org/W3014908924','The present study explored essential oil constituents of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine and growing wild in the Western Ghats region of India, which is one of the 34 global biodiversity hotspots. The hydro distilled essential oils of Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce. (Asteraceae), Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. (Tiliaceae) were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Thirty-six, twenty-seven, and fifty constituents were identified from the essential oils of B. lanceolaria, H. indicum, and T. rhomboidea, respectively comprising 97.3% (B. lanceolaria), 98.2% (H. indicum) and 97.6% (T. rhomboidea) of the total oil constituents. The major compounds of B. lanceolaria, H. indicum, and T. rhomboidea were identified as β-pinene (82.3%), methyl salicylate (54.3%), and β-caryophyllene (28.9%), respectively. The essential of B. lanceolaria was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (90.4%), while H. indicum and T. rhomboidea oils were rich in phenyl derivative (72.8%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (69.5%) type constituents, respectively. The common compounds viz., terpin-4-ol and eugenol were identified in the essential oils of B. lanceolaria, H. indicum, and T. rhomboidea.'),(2061,'10.29356/jmcs.v66i4.1822','GC-MS Characterization, in vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis','Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society',2022,'https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v66i4.1822',8,'https://openalex.org/W4298324775','Abstract. Oxidative stress arising from free radicals have been documented to be a sponsor of inflammation, driving the search for plant-based compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition and evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of essential oil obtained from leaves of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. Essential oil (EO) was extracted using hydro distillation techniques and its components analyzed using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The antioxidant potentials of the EO were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Anti-inflammatory ability was assessed using inhibition of heat and hypotonicity induced hemolysis of the RBC. GC-MS analysis of essential oil of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis showed the presence of limonene (13.85 %), eucalyptol (10.73 %), linalool (5.36 %), cis verbenol (19.54 %), bornyl acetate (12.65 %) and β-phellandrene (5.59 %) as major EO components, representing a total of 67.72 % of the total volatile fraction. The EO showed strong anti-inflammatory properties and a minimal scavenging potential of DPPH and FRAP activity compared to standard agents used. Result obtained from this study indicates that EO of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is a promising source of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, which can be exploited in pharmaceuticals. Resumen. Está documentado que el estrés oxidativo originado por radicales libres produce respuestas inflamatorias, lo que ha impulsado la búsqueda de compuestos de origen vegetal con actividades antioxidantes y antiinflamatorias. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la composición química y evaluar el potencial antioxidante y antiinflamatorio in vitro del aceite esencial obtenido de las hojas de Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. El aceite esencial (EO, por sus siglas en inglés) se extrajo mediante técnicas de hidrodestilación y sus componentes se analizaron mediante técnicas de cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). El potencial antioxidante del aceite esencial se evaluó utilizando ensayos con 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y evaluando el poder reductor de iones férricos (FRAP). La capacidad antiinflamatoria se evaluó mediante la inhibición de la hemólisis de los glóbulos rojos inducida por calor e hipotonia. El análisis GC-MS del aceite esencial de Stachytarpheta jamaicensis mostró la presencia de limoneno (13,85 %), eucaliptol (10,73 %), linalol (5,36 %), cis-verbenol (19,54 %), acetato de bornilo (12,65 %) y β-felandreno (5,59 %) como componentes mayoritarios del extracto, representando un total de 67,72 % de la fracción volátil total. El extracto mostró propiedades antiinflamatorias y un potencial depurador mínimo de la actividad de DPPH y FRAP en comparación con los agentes utilizados como estándares. El resultado obtenido de este estudio indica que el aceite esencial de Stachytarpheta jamaicensis es una fuente prometedora de compuestos antioxidantes y antiinflamatorios, que pueden explotarse en productos farmacéuticos.'),(2062,'10.2998/JSC0711045N','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2063,'10.3109/13880200903311136','Essential oil composition and variability of<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>from wild populations of northern Turkey','Pharmaceutical Biology',2010,'https://doi.org/10.3109/13880200903311136',43,'https://openalex.org/W2061284529','CONTEXT: Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) contains many bioactive secondary metabolites including hypericins, hyperforins, and essential oil. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to determine the variation in composition of essential oil in H. perforatum accessions from Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS: At full flowering, aerial parts of 30 plants were collected from 10 sites of northern Turkey and assayed for essential oil components by GC-FID and GC-MS. RESULTS: The chemical analysis revealed that the main constituents of the all analyzed samples were hydrocarbon and oxygenated sesquiterpenes such as beta-caryophyllene (4.08-5.93%), gamma-muurolene (5.00-9.56%), beta-selinene (5.08-19.63%), alpha-selinene (4.12-10.42%), d-cadinene (3.02-4.94%), spathulenol (2.34-5.14%), and caryophyllene oxide (6.01-12.18%). Monoterpenes, both hydrocarbon and oxygenated, were represented by scarce amounts of alpha- and beta-pinene, myrcene, linalool, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, and alpha-terpineol. Principal component analysis was also carried out and, according to the results, the first nine principal components were found to represent 100% of the observed variation. DISCUSSION: The chemical variation among the populations is discussed as the possible result of different genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: The wild populations examined here are potentially important sources for breeding and improvement of the cultivated varieties.'),(2064,'10.3109/13880209.2010.504966','Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of<i>Bunium persicum</i>essential oil, hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts in animal models','Pharmaceutical Biology',2010,'https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.504966',73,'https://openalex.org/W2045324044','OBJECTIVE: Fruits of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsh. (Apiaceae) are widely used in Iranian folkloric medicine for controlling colic pain and dysmenorrhea. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the plant fruits and analyzing its essential oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extract, polyphenolic extract and essential oil were prepared using standard methods. The acetic acid and formalin tests were used in male mice (25-35 g) to assess analgesic activity. For evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and croton oil-induced ear edema were used. RESULTS: Hydrodistillation of the fruits of B. persicum afforded a pale yellowish oil in a yield of 2%. GC/MS analysis identified 10 compounds, and gamma-terpinene (46.1%), cuminal (23.9%) and p-cymene (15.9%) were the main components. Hydroalcoholic and polyphenolic extracts (400 and 800 mg/kg, i.p.) and essential oil (100-400 µl/kg, p.o.) significantly (p < 0.01) reduced acetic acid-induced writhings. They also significantly reduced the pain response of both early and late phases of the formalin test. In the carrageenan test and croton oil-induced ear edema both extracts and essential oil showed considerable anti-inflammatory response. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results clearly show the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant fruits, and since extracts and essential oil relieved the pain of the first phase of the formalin test, it seems that at least a part of analgesic activity is mediated centrally. Meanwhile, the effects observed in this study provide evidence for folkloric uses of the plant fruits in painful and inflammatory conditions.'),(2065,'10.3109/13880209.2010.545826','Morphogenetic changes in essential oil composition of<i>Hypericum perforatum</i>during the course of ontogenesis','Pharmaceutical Biology',2011,'https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2010.545826',27,'https://openalex.org/W2019568977','CONTEXT: In the past few years, an increasing interest in the volatile secondary metabolites of Hypericum perforatum L. (Guttiferae) has been arising. OBJECTIVE: The present study is a contribution to better understand the relationship between the morphological variations and volatile composition during the phenological cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leaves at the stages of vegetative, floral budding, flowering and green capsule, buds, full opened flowers and green capsules were assayed for essential oil (EO) components by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: Significant amounts of sesquiterpenes (oxygenated 26-50% and hydrocarbons 20-40%) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (13-38%) characterized the all analyzed samples showing peculiar fluctuations during the seven phenological stages. Although monoterpenes were present in much lower amounts (monoterpene hydrocarbons 0.4-6%; oxygenated monoterpenes 0.8-6%) they were considered also important discrimination for several stages. The green capsules and the full opened flowers collected at flowering stage were clearly distinguished in terms of EO compositions from the other samples. DISCUSSION: For the first time, the EO composition of Turkish wild Hypericum perforatum was monitored by the hydrodistillation of different plant organs collected at different seven stages in order to point out the modification of target volatiles related to each phenological step. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the EO composition monitored during these seven morphological stages by GC-MS, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, significant metabolite modifications were observed during the phenological cycle which involved the levels of specific volatile target compounds belonging to the chemical classes of hydrocarbons, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes.'),(2066,'10.31142/ijtsrd6978','Studies on Chemical Composition and Antifungal activity of essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. growing wildly in Chamba Tehri Garhwal Uttrakhand, India','International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development',2017,'http://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd6978',0,'https://openalex.org/W2781486464','Essential oil obtained from aerial parts of Ocimum gratissimum collected from Chamba (Tehri Garhwal), Uttrakhand, India by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS for its chemical profile, and evaluated for antifungal activity. The analysis revealed the presence of 35 compounds which constitutes 96.27% of the total oil. The major components of the oil were found to be e (32.86%), -terpenolene (22.83%), cis methylbicyclo (4,3,0) non-3-ene (9.08%), camphene (2.65%), -phellandrene (2.12%), -pinene(1.56%), -bourbonene (1.46%), -pinene (1.36%), carophyllene (1.32%), dodecatetraene (1.23%), 3 cyclohexen-1-ol (1.15%) and tert (1.02%),. The essential oil exhibited good antimicrobial activity against few human pathogenic fungi.'),(2067,'10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.203','Anatomical characterization, chemical analyses and essential oil antimicrobial activity of Hyssopus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae)','Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin',2022,'http://doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.203',0,'https://openalex.org/W4320007053','NA'),(2068,'10.3389/fphar.2018.00483','Essential Oil Derived From Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. Mediates Anticancer Effect by Inhibiting STAT3 and AKT Activation to Induce Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma','Frontiers in Pharmacology',2018,'https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00483',52,'https://openalex.org/W2800687238','Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (EA) is a well-known noxious invasive species. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that the essential oil derived from EA (EAEO) is mainly composed of sesquiterpenes. However, the pharmacological value of EAEO in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated the anti-HCC activities of EAEO, and explored the potential mechanisms of EAEO-induced apoptosis. An MTT assay showed that EAEO inhibited HCC cell proliferation with little toxicity on normal liver cells. Wound healing and FACS assays revealed that EAEO suppressed HCC cell migration and arrested cell cycle, respectively. Moreover, EAEO promoted in vitro HCC cell apoptosis, and EAEO treatment inhibited HepG2 xenografts growth and enhanced apoptotic nucleus of xenografts in HepG2-bearing nude mice. Mechanistically, EAEO significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and resulted in the activation of caspase-9 and -3. EAEO also reduced the expression of Grp78, which in turn relieved the inhibition of caspase-12 and -7. Meanwhile, EAEO suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3 and AKT, indicative of its anti-HCC potential. In summary, we determined that EAEO treatment promoted HCC apoptosis via activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as repressed the activity of STAT3 and AKT in HCC cells.'),(2069,'10.3390/ antiox10111832','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2070,'10.3390/ molecules28237861','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2071,'10.3390/ ph17010064','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2072,'10.3390/ plants12020246','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2073,'10.3390/12030389','Volatile Chemical Constituents of Piper aduncum L and Piper gibbilimbum C. DC (Piperaceae) from Papua New Guinea','Molecules',2007,'https://doi.org/10.3390/12030389',38,'https://openalex.org/W2142296357','Exhaustive hydro-distillation of the leaves of Piper aduncum and fruits of Piper gibbilimbum (Piperaceae) afforded colorless and pale orange colored oils in 0.35 and 0.30 % yields, respectively. Detailed chemical analysis by GC/MS indicated the volatile constituents of Piper aduncum to be composed of dill apiole (43.3%), beta-caryophyllene (8.2%), piperitione (6.7%) and alpha-humulene (5.1%), whilst the oil of P. gibbilimbum is dominated by the gibbilimbols A-D (74.2%), with the remaining major constituents being the terpenes camphene (13.6%) and alpha-pinene (6.5%).'),(2074,'10.3390/antiox3010081','Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism','Antioxidants',2014,'https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3010081',155,'https://openalex.org/W1994759377','The essential oil of juniper berries (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) is traditionally used for medicinal and flavoring purposes. As elucidated by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS methods), the juniper berry oil from Bulgaria is largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene (51.4%), myrcene (8.3%), sabinene (5.8%), limonene (5.1%) and β-pinene (5.0%). The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was evaluated in vitro by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging, hydroxyl radical (ÐÐ(â¢)) scavenging and chelating capacity, superoxide radical ((â¢)Oâ(-)) scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects, hydrogen peroxide scavenging. The antioxidant activity of the oil attributable to electron transfer made juniper berry essential oil a strong antioxidant, whereas the antioxidant activity attributable to hydrogen atom transfer was lower. Lipid peroxidation inhibition by the essential oil in both stages, i.e., hydroperoxide formation and malondialdehyde formation, was less efficient than the inhibition by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In vivo studies confirmed these effects of the oil which created the possibility of blocking the oxidation processes in yeast cells by increasing activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).'),(2075,'10.3390/insects11040224','Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti','Insects',2020,'https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11040224',19,'https://openalex.org/W3014830028','Crude extracts and essential oils of A. conyzoides were tested with larva and adult stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of A. conyzoides (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Electron microscopic and histopathological studies were performed to determine the toxicological effects on mosquitoes in terms of morphological alterations. The six types of crude extracts exhibited no activity against individuals in the larval stages. However, six types of essential oils were effective against adult Ae. aegypti females. The mortality of adult Ae. aegypti females was higher from leaf extracts, particularly LP (median lethal dose, LD50 = 0.84%). The number of chemical constituents identified by GC-MS was high in flowers, especially W-P. Precocene I was the most abundant chemical component among the five types of essential oils, except in LP, in which precocene II was the most abundant. Histopathological alterations in adult Ae. aegypti females included compound eye degeneration, muscular damage with cellular infiltration, gut epithelial degeneration and necrosis, pyknotic nuclei in the malpighian epithelium and ovarian cell degeneration. FW and FP plant types exhibited the highest severity of histopathological alterations in mosquitoes compared with other plants, probably owing to the presence of monoterpene compounds in their tissues. The present study demonstrated LP plant extracts from A. conyzoides could be effective adulticides against adult Ae. aegypti. As natural products are biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity to mammalian and non-target organisms, they are suitable candidates for use in vector control programmes.'),(2076,'10.3390/molecules14030925','Essential Oil Composition and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Sequence Variability of Four South-Croatian Satureja Species (Lamiaceae)','Molecules',2009,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14030925',99,'https://openalex.org/W2054193161','The purpose of this study was to compare the essential oil profiles of four South-Croatian Satureja species, as determined by GC/FID and GC/MS, with their DNA sequences for an internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. A phylogenetic analysis showed that S. montana and S. cuneifolia, characterized by a similar essential oil composition, rich in the monoterpene hydrocarbon carvacrol, clustered together with high and moderate bootstrap support. On the contrary, S. subspicata and S. visianii, characterized by quite unique essential oil compositions, clustered together with the moderate bootstrap support. All four Croatian Satureja species clustered in one clade, separately from Macaronesian S. hortensis,although it had essential oil composition similar to that of S. montana and S. cuneifolia. This is the first report on the comparison between the phytochemical and DNA sequence data in Satureja species and useful contribution to the better understanding of interspecies relationships in this genus.'),(2077,'10.3390/molecules14082909','Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils of Cyperus rotundus L. from South Africa','Molecules',2009,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules14082909',146,'https://openalex.org/W2016675659','The essential oils from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. collected from two different locations (Empangeni-A and KwaDlangezwa-B; both in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Forty-one and 43 components were identified, representing 89.9% and 92.0% of sample A and sample B, respectively. Alpha-cyperone (11.0%), myrtenol (7.9%), caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) and beta-pinene (5.3%) were major compounds in the oil of sample A. The main constituents of the oil of sample B were beta-pinene (11.3%), alpha-pinene (10.8%), alpha-cyperone (7.9%), myrtenol (7.1%) and alpha-selinene (6.6%).'),(2078,'10.3390/molecules16129827','Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Essential Oils from Two Species of Myrtaceae â Eugenia uniflora L. and Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel','Molecules',2011,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16129827',76,'https://openalex.org/W1974954513','The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from leaves of two Myrtaceae species-Eugenia uniflora L. and Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel-were determined. Analysis by GC/MS as well as determination of Kovatz indexes indicated atractylone (26.78%) and curzerene (17.96%) as major constituents of E. uniflora oil and α-cadinol (19.15%), apiole (11.15%) and cubenol (5.43%) as main components in P. trunciflora oil. Both essential oils were tested for antimicrobial activity against yeasts and bacteria. E. uniflora and P. trunciflora essential oils were active towards two Gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus equi and Staphylococcus epidermis. In addition, biological activity of both essential oils was detected for pathogenic yeasts of the genus Candida and Cryptococcus. E. uniflora was active towards all yeast tested and exhibited interesting minimal inhibitory concentrations (0.11 to 3.75 mg/mL) across a broad spectrum of activity.'),(2079,'10.3390/molecules200916723','Anti-Oxidant, Anti-Aging, and Anti-Melanogenic Properties of the Essential Oils from Two Varieties of Alpinia zerumbet','Molecules',2015,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200916723',137,'https://openalex.org/W1685425167','Here, we investigated the anti-oxidant and anti-aging effects of essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet (tairin and shima) in vitro and anti-melanogenic effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. The anti-oxidant activities were performed with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2\'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); nitric oxide; singlet oxygen; hydroxyl radical scavenging; and xanthine oxidase. The inhibitory activities against collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase were employed for anti-aging. The anti-melanogenic was assessed in B16F10 melanoma cells by melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EO was a complex mixture mainly consisting of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The results revealed that tairin and shima EOs showed strong anti-oxidant activities against DPPH and nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Compared to shima EO; tairin EO exhibited strong anti-aging activity by inhibiting collagenase, tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, and elastase (IC50 = 11 ± 0.1; 25 ± 1.2; 83 ± 1.6; and 213 ± 2 μg/mL, respectively). Both EOs inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity; thus, reducing melanin synthesis. These results suggest that tairin EO has better anti-oxidant/anti-aging activity than shima EO, but both are equally anti-melanogenic.'),(2080,'10.3390/molecules21020209','Chemical Characterization and Trypanocidal, Leishmanicidal and Cytotoxicity Potential of Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae) Essential Oil','Molecules',2016,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21020209',58,'https://openalex.org/W2272382086','Drug resistance in the treatment of neglected parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis, has led to the search and development of alternative drugs from plant origins. In this context, the essential oil extracted by hydro-distillation from Lantana camara leaves was tested against Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The results demonstrated that L. camara essential oil inhibited T. cruzi and L. braziliensis with IC50 of 201.94 μg/mL and 72.31 μg/mL, respectively. L. camara essential oil was found to be toxic to NCTC929 fibroblasts at 500 μg/mL (IC50 = 301.42 μg/mL). The composition of L. camara essential oil analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed large amounts of (E)-caryophyllene (23.75%), biciclogermacrene (15.80%), germacrene D (11.73%), terpinolene (6.1%), and sabinene (5.92%), which might be, at least in part, responsible for its activity. Taken together, our results suggest that L. camara essential oil may be an important source of therapeutic agents for the development of alternative drugs against parasitic diseases.'),(2081,'10.3390/molecules21091162','Comparison of the Essential Oil Composition of Selected Impatiens Species and Its Antioxidant Activities','Molecules',2016,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21091162',27,'https://openalex.org/W2512117083','The present paper describes the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from four Impatiens species, Impatiens glandulifera Royle, I. parviflora DC., I. balsamina L. and I. noli-tangere L. The GC and GC-MS methods resulted in identification of 226 volatile compounds comprising from 61.7%-88.2% of the total amount. The essential oils differed significantly in their composition. Fifteen compounds were shared among the essential oils of all investigated Impatiens species. The majority of these constituents was linalool (0.7%-15.1%), hexanal (0.2%-5.3%) and benzaldehyde (0.1%-10.2%). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the essential oils was investigated using different methods. The chemical composition of the essential oils and its antioxidant evaluation are reported for the first time from the investigated taxon.'),(2082,'10.3390/molecules25102400','Composition, Seasonal Variation, and Biological Activities of Lantana camara Essential Oils from Côte dâIvoire','Molecules',2020,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102400',42,'https://openalex.org/W3027436411','This work aims to study the variations in the composition of Lantana camara leaf, flower, and stem essential oils over two years. L. camara organs were harvested in Bregbo (East Côte dâIvoire) each month from June 2015 to June 2017. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS and 13C NMR. Eighty-four compounds accounting for 84.4â99.1% of the essential oils have been identified. The essential oils hydrodistillated from L. camara are dominated by sesquiterpenes such as (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-humulene, which were found in all samples. Some monoterpenes such as thymol, sabinene, and α-pinene were also present. Statistical analysis (principal component analysis and clustering) revealed a high variability in essential oil composition between the different organs and also within the studied periods, as the thymol proportion was higher during flowering and fruiting months. In addition, the stem, flower, and fruit essential oils were more concentrated in thymol than the leaf essential oils. The proportions of (E)-β-caryophyllene and α-humulene were strictly inverted with the thymol proportion throughout the harvest period or vegetative cycle. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities of leaves and flowers essential oils were also studied. Results showed that L. camara leaf and flower essential oils displayed high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities.'),(2083,'10.3390/molecules26175132','The Chemical Profiling of Essential Oils from Different Tissues of Cinnamomum camphora L. and Their Antimicrobial Activities','Molecules',2021,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175132',78,'https://openalex.org/W3195681948','Cinnamomum camphora L. is grown as an ornamental plant, used as raw material for furniture, as a source of camphor, and its essential oil can be used as an important source for perfume as well as alternative medicine. A comparative investigation of essential oil compositions and antimicrobial activities of different tissues of C. camphora was carried out. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation with a Clevenger apparatus and their compositions were evaluated through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric composition by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial properties were assayed by measuring minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Different plant tissues had different extraction yields, with the leaf having the highest yield. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 18, 75, 87, 67, 67, and 74 compounds in leaf, branch, wood, root, leaf/branch, and leaf/branch/wood, respectively. The significance of combining tissues is to enable extraction of commercial quality essential oils without the need to separate them. The oxygenated monoterpene camphor was the major component in all tissues of C. camphora except for safrole in the root. With chiral GC-MS, the enantiomeric distributions of 12, 12, 13, 14, and 14 chiral compounds in branch, wood, root, leaf/branch, and leaf/branch/wood, respectively, were determined. The variation in composition and enantiomeric distribution in the different tissues of C. camphora may be attributed to the different defense requirements of these tissues. The wood essential oil showed effective antibacterial activity against Serratia marcescens with an MIC of 39.1 μg/mL. Similarly, the mixture of leaf/branch/wood essential oils displayed good antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus while the leaf essential oil was notably active against Trichophyton rubrum. C. camphora essential oils showed variable antimicrobial activities against dermal and pulmonary-borne microbes.'),(2084,'10.3390/molecules26226984','GC/MS Analysis of Essential Oil and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Syzygium cumini (Pamposia) Grown in Egypt: Chemical Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies','Molecules',2021,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226984',79,'https://openalex.org/W3216499548','Syzygium cumini (Pomposia) is a well-known aromatic plant belonging to the family Myrtaceae, and has been reported for its various traditional and pharmacological potentials, such as its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal properties. The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil via gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the identification of fifty-three compounds representing about 91.22% of the total oil. The identified oil was predominated by α-pinene (21.09%), followed by β-(E)-ocimene (11.80%), D-limonene (8.08%), β-pinene (7.33%), and α-terpineol (5.38%). The tested oil revealed a moderate cytotoxic effect against human liver cancer cells (HepG2) with an IC50 value of 38.15 ± 2.09 µg/mL. In addition, it effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 32.9 ± 2.1 µg/mL. Furthermore, it showed inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 57.80 ± 3.30 and 274.03 ± 12.37 µg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking studies revealed that (E)-β-caryophyllene, one of the major compounds, achieved the best docking scores of â6.75, â5.61, and â7.75 for acetylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that S. cumini oil should be considered as a food supplement for the elderly to enhance memory performance and for diabetic patients to control blood glucose.'),(2085,'10.3390/molecules27041311','Antioxidant and Toxic Activity of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don Essential Oils and Extracts','Molecules',2022,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041311',34,'https://openalex.org/W4212942486','Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (sandy everlasting) is the only species from genus Helichrysum Mill that grows spontaneously in Lithuania. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from inflorescences and leaves of H. arenarium wild plants was analysed by GC-MS. Palmitic (â¤23.8%), myristic (â¤14.9%) and lauric (6.1%) acids, n-nonanal (10.4%), and trans-β-caryophyllene (â¤6.5%) were the major constituents in the EOs. For comparison, the main components in EO from flowers (commercial herb material) of H.italicum were γ-curcumene (21.5%), β-selinene (13.6%), α-selinene (8.1%), β-eudesmol (8.3%), and α-pinene (6.5%). Composition of H. arenarium methanolic extracts was investigated by HPLC-DAD-TOF. The main compounds were the following: luteolin-7-O-glucoside, naringenin and its glucoside, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, arenol, and arzanol. Antioxidant activity of EOs and extracts was tested by DPPHâ and ABTSâ+ assays. Sandy everlasting extracts exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging activities (for leaves 11.18 to 19.13 and for inflorescences 1.96 to 6.13 mmol/L TROLOX equivalent) compared to those of all tested EOs (0.25 to 0.46 mmol/L TROLOX equivalent). Antioxidant activity, assayed electrochemically by cyclic and square wave voltammetry correlated with total polyphenolic content in extracts and radical scavenging properties of EOs and extracts. The toxic activity of EOs of both Helichrysum species was evaluated using a brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay. H. italicum inflorescence EO was found to be toxic (LC50 = 15.99 µg/mL) as well as that of H. arenarium (LC50 â¤ 23.42 µg/mL) oils.'),(2086,'10.3390/molecules28207177','Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of the Lipophilic Extract of Cirsium vulgare','Molecules',2023,'https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207177',22,'https://openalex.org/W4387772880','The aim of this study was to investigate the compounds in the hexane extract of Cirsium vulgare (Savi.) Ten. and to determine the antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different extracts. The Cirsium vulgare (NGBB 7229) plant was collected from Turkeyâs Trakya region. Crude extracts were obtained using different solvents. The chemical composition of Cirsium vulgare was determined in hexane extract using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated by Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), the β-carotene bleaching method, and the determination of superoxide anion scavenging activities. The antibacterial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella typhimurium, whereas the antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Aspergillus fumigatus by applying microdilution methods. A total of 41 bioactive compounds were identified using the GCâMS library. Terpenoids were found to be dominant (52.89%), and lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-acetate and lupeol were the most abundant terpenoids. The highest total flavonoid content (25.73 mg catechin/g) and antioxidant capacity were found in the methanolic extract. The highest antibacterial activity was detected against Bacillus subtilis in the ethyl acetate extract, and the highest antifungal activity was found against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus in the hexane extract. The observed antioxidant characteristics of the C. vulgare extracts could be attributed to the presence of flavonoids. The high antifungal activity of the hexane extract against all fungal strains can be attributed to its constituents, i.e., terpenoids. This study discloses the potential antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, including some bioactive components, of Cirsium vulgare and implies that Cirsium vulgare holds possible applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries as an antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agent.'),(2087,'10.3390/ph12010034','Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic and Microbiological Activities of the Essential Oil of Leaf of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray (Asteraceae)','Pharmaceuticals',2019,'https://doi.org/10.3390/ph12010034',29,'https://openalex.org/W2920084722','The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and the cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the plant species Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray. The essential oil obtained was used to identify the chemical compounds present through the techniques of GC-MS and NMR. The antioxidant potential was calculated by the sequestration method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. For cytotoxic activity, the larval mortality of Artemia salina was evaluated. The main chemical constituents identified are αpinene (9.9%), Limonene (5.40%), (Z)-β-ocimene (4.02%), p-cymen-8-ol (3.0%), Piperitone (11.72%), (E)-nerolidol (3.78%) and Spathulenol (10.8%). In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. The results showed that the bacterium E. coli were more susceptible to the presence of the essential oil, presenting minimal inhibitory concentration at the concentrations that were exposed. The essential oil presented antioxidant activity of 54.6% at the concentration of 5 mg·mLâ1 and provided a CI50 of 4.30. It was observed that the essential oil of this species was highly toxic against A. salina lavas, as its cytotoxic activity showed an LC50 of 3.11. Thus, it is concluded that T. diversifolia oils are effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and reducing oxidative stress.'),(2088,'10.3390/plants10040667','Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L.','Plants',2021,'https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040667',57,'https://openalex.org/W3151216353','Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are widely used as traditional medicinal herbs around the world for the treatment of numerous diseases. In this work, the chemical profiles of essential oils (EOs) of the above-ground parts of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis (L.) were studied in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The extracted EOs from the two plants via hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS of EO of P. dioscoridis revealed the identification of 29 compounds representing 96.91% of the total oil. While 35 compounds were characterized from EO of E. bonariensis representing 98.21%. The terpenoids were found the main constituents of both plants with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, including mainly sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%). α-Maaliene (18.84%), berkheyaradulen (13.99%), dehydro-cyclolongifolene oxide (10.35%), aromadendrene oxide-2 (8.81%), β-muurolene (8.09%), and α-eudesmol (6.79%), represented the preponderance compounds of EO of P. dioscoridis. While, trans-α-farnesene (25.03%), O-ocimene (12.58%), isolongifolene-5-ol (5.53%), α-maaliene (6.64%), berkheyaradulen (4.82%), and α-muurolene (3.99%), represented the major compounds EO of E. bonariensis. A comparative study of our results with the previously described data was constructed based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where the results revealed a substantial variation of the present studied species than other reported ecospecies. EO of P. dioscoridis exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two cancer cells, MCF-7 and A-549 with IC50 of 37.3 and 22.3 μM, respectively. While the EO of the E. bonariensis showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 of 25.6 μM. The EOs of P. dioscoridis, E. bonariensis, and their mixture (1:1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase comparing with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a reference. The results of anti-aging showed that the activity of mixture (1:1) &gt; P. dioscoridis &gt; E. bonariensis against the four enzymes.'),(2089,'10.3390/pr10122593','Influence of the Drying Method on the Volatile Component Profile of Hypericum perforatum Herb: A HS-SPME-GC/MS Study','Processes',2022,'https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122593',10,'https://openalex.org/W4311527175','Hypericum perforatum L. (St. Johnâs wort) is one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Due to its documented antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, it is used in the treatment of bacterial and viral infections as well as inflammations. It is also used to treat gastrointestinal diseases and mild to moderate depression. In recent years, there has been an increase in the popularity of herbal medicine. Many people collect their own herbs and dry them at home. A common choice for quick drying of fruits, vegetables and herbs at home are food dehydrator machines. There are not many publications in the scientific literature examining the quality of dried herbal material obtained in such dryers. We characterized St. Johnâs wort harvested in southern Poland and investigated the effect of specific drying methods on the volatile component profile. The herbal raw material was dried using three methods: indoors at room temperature, in an incubator at 37 °C and in a food dehydrator machine. Volatile components were analysed by HS-SPME GC/MS. The herb dried in a food dehydrator, compared to other drying methods, retained similar or slightly smaller amounts of the compounds from the mono- and sesquiterpenes group, aromatic monoterpenes, aromatic monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, aromatic sesquiterpenes and alkanes. However, monoterpenoids and compounds coming from decomposition reactions, such as alcohols, short-chain fatty acids and esters, were noticed in larger quantities. Usage of a food dehydrator at home can be a convenient alternative to drying herbs. However, due to a different profile of volatile components depending on the drying method, the amount of biologically active substances needs to be considered. By using various methods of drying, the medical effects of herbs can be enhanced or weakened; therefore, further research in this direction should be continued.'),(2090,'10.35588/blacpma.19.18.6.39','Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of essential oil of Waltheria indica','CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)',2019,'http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1020090',0,'https://openalex.org/W6947315635','This paper reports for the first time volatile compounds, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils from the leaves of Waltheria indica L. (Stericullaceae) growing in Nigeria. The essential oil was hydro-distilled and characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on carrageenan induced rat paw edema while the anti-nociceptive test was based on hot plate model. The hydro-distillation afforded 0.41% (dry weight basis) of light green oil. Forty compounds representing 99.8% were identified in the oil. The main constituents of the oil were limonene (34.7%), sabinene (21.2%) and citronellal (9.7%). The anti-nociceptive property of the essential oils statically inhibited edema development (p&amp;lt;0.001) at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg independent of time of exposure. However, the 100 mg/kg Waltheria indica essential oils (WIEO) displayed a relatively low inhibition (p&amp;lt;0.01-p&amp;gt;0.5) which declines as exposure time increases. The anti-inflammatory activities shows a steady rate and non-dose dependent activity (p&amp;lt;0.001) up to the 3rd h of inflammation study. Conversely, a sharp reduction at the rate of p&amp;lt;0.5, 0.1 and 0.01 for the 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg WIEO doses respectively. Overall, the results presented sustain and establish the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties and justifies the need for further evaluation and development of the essential oils from this plant.'),(2091,'10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.826','Determination of Seasonal Variation of Volatile Organic Constituents of the Leaves of Traditional Herb Ocimum sanctum Linn','Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences',2021,'https://doi.org/10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.826',4,'https://openalex.org/W3200373809','In the traditional system of medicine Ocimum sanctum Linn. is used to cure diseases like dysentery, bronchitis, malaria, bronchial asthma, diarrhea, arthritis, skin diseases, painful eye diseases, chronic fever. The essential oil obtained by using hydrodistillation of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (purple variety) is collected throughout 1 y and analyzed employing gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography connected with mass spectrometry. The yield of essential oil varied in the range from 0.14 to 0.21 % (w/w). 23 to 39 constituents were identified which represented 95.39±0.38 % of the total oil. The most abundant compound was identified as methyl eugenol with an average of 69.88±0.09 % with varying quantities from 55.48±0.36 to 76.78±0.54 %. The other constituents were beta-caryophyllene 10.40±0.06 %, alpha-ylangene 4.18±0.04 %, gamma-muurolene 3.64±0.04 % and borneol 2.02±0.01 %. The oil was found to be rich in phenylpropanoid (71.98±0.27 %) type constituents (average of 12 mo). A high amount of methyl eugenol (76.78±0.54 %) was observed during November while low (55.48±0.36 %) in April. It was noticed that when the plant was matured in April the accumulation of sesquiterpenes increased and phenylpropanoids decreased.'),(2092,'10.36632/mejar/2022.11.4.88','Physiological Studies on the Effect of Seaweed Extract and Potassium Humate on the Tolerance of Green Bean Plants to Saline Water Irrigation','Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research',2022,'http://doi.org/10.36632/mejar/2022.11.4.88',2,'https://openalex.org/W4323900646','Salinity, particularly in the region of arid and semi-arid regions, is a significant limiting factor for crop development and yield. The purpose of this study is to determine how potassium humate and seaweed extract can reduce the harmful effects of salinity on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Pulista). In pots with sandy soil and saline water that had an EC of 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm, seeds were sown in March 2020 and 2021. The concentrations of seaweed extract and potassium humate used were 0.25 g/l and 0.5 g/l for the former and 1 g/l and 2 g/l for the latter. At 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks after cultivation, application occurred. Data indicated that all elements of plant growth, including plant height, leaf count, fresh and dry weights, were better when plants were treated with seaweed extract and potassium humate as opposed to untreated plants. Yield parameters followed also the same trend. The tallest green bean plants were estimated from that plants treated by seaweed extract at concentration of 0.25 g/l followed by the treatments of 0.5 g/l seaweed extract also while, the treatment of potassium humate at concentration of 2 g/l came in the third rank. It was determined that potassium humste and seaweed extract were superior at reducing the effects of salinity on green bean plants.'),(2093,'10.37360/blacpma.22.21.2.12','Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil of Pimenta dioica leaves','Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas',2021,'https://doi.org/10.37360/blacpma.22.21.2.12',1,'https://openalex.org/W3214828694','In this study, we investigated the main constituent, the predominant class and biological activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Pimenta dioica and the pattern of the major constituent against larvae in the third stage of Aedes aegypti. For this reason, we extracted the oil by hydrodistillation, identified its components by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and calculated the lethal concentration (LC50) of the larvicidal activity using the Reed-Muench method. The results show that the oil consists mainly of eugenol, in which the phenylpropanoid class predominated and the lethal concentration, LC50, was 38.86 μg mL-1at a confidence level of 2.25 μg mL-1, while the eugenol standard presented LC5079.75 μg mL-1at a confidence level of 2.10 μg mL-1. Given the facts, we conclude that the oil is more active than the standard and that it has the potential to replace chemical larvicides.'),(2094,'10.3897/pharmacia.70.e107237','Potential anti-inflammatory activity of the Tamarix aphylla essential oil','Pharmacia',2023,'https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e107237',5,'https://openalex.org/W4386326412','Aim : This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity and potential mechanisms of essential oil of Tamarix aphylla (EOTA). Methods : The essential oils were extracted from the plantâs aerial parts using hydrodistillation and analyzed through gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The essential oils were assessed for their anti-inflammatory effects using well-established inflammation models, namely carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of the essential oil, measurements were taken for nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation. Results : The predominant components of the EOTA were 6,10,14-Trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (20.2%), β-Ionone (20.1%), Dodecanoic acid (12.2%), and trans-β-Caryophyllene (10%.1). The study found that EOTA significantly reduced edema, peritonitis, myeloperoxidase activity, and NOx-peritoneal lavage concentration induced by carrageenan. Additionally, the essential oil exhibited significant inhibition of nitric oxide radical production triggered by sodium nitroprusside. Furthermore, EOTA demonstrated the ability to prevent lipid peroxidation induced by Fe+2- or Fe+2 plus H2O2. Conclusion : The findings suggest that EOTA possesses anti-inflammatory activity, potentially linked to its antioxidant capacity.'),(2095,'10.3906/kim-2107-13','Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Teucrium polium L. Collected from Eastern Turkey','TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY',2021,'https://doi.org/10.3906/kim-2107-13',10,'https://openalex.org/W4253113228','hexane and chloroform extracts exhibited considerable reducing power effects. The MIC values for all of the examined microorganisms ranged from 15 to 2000 μg/mL with respect to antimicrobial activities.'),(2096,'10.3923/ajb.2007.161.163','The Essential Oil Composition of Levisticum officinalis from Iran','Asian Journal of Biochemistry',2007,'https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2007.161.163',16,'https://openalex.org/W2333386791','NA'),(2097,'10.3923/pjbs.2007.814.817','Analysis by Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry of Essential Oil from Seeds and Aerial Parts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss Gathered in Nevakoh and Shahoo,Zagross Mountain, West of Iran','Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences',2007,'https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.814.817',31,'https://openalex.org/W2016123625','The essential oil from seeds and aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (schlecht.) Boiss growing in Nevakoh and Shahoo mountains, West of Iran was studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry constituents were. The major components of seeds gathered in Nevakoh and shahoo were, respectively 24 and 26 constituents and found to be cis-ocimene (64.8 and 76.11%), alpha-pinene (15.4 and 7.29%), gamma-terpinene (5.9 and 2.88%), rho-cymene (4.1 and 1.4%), myrcene (1.9 and 1.05%) and bornyl acetate (0.9 and 1.69%). The major components of aerial parts gathered in Nevakoh and shahoo were respectively, 34 and 30 constituents and found to be alpha-pinene (27.1 and, 25.7%), cis-ocimene (22.6 and, 27.9%), bornyl acetate (8.5 and 3.9%), germacrene D (6.5 and 22.3%), trans-verbenol (5.8 and 0%), myrcene (5.2 and 2%), beta-bourbonene (2.7 and 0%), p-mentah-1, 5-dien-8-ol (1.9 and 0%), sabinene (1.5 and 2.1%), linalool (1.5 and 0%), metyl eugenol (1.3 and 0%), bicyclogermacrene (1.3 and 0%) and alpha-terpineol (1.2 and 0%), 3-carene (0 and 1.9%), camphene (0 and 1.6%), gamma-element (0 and 1.1%) and beta-cubenone (0 and 1%).The major components which were common in both seeds and leaves and found to be, bornyl acetate, myrcene and trans-ocimene. The major components which were only found in aerial parts were germacreneD, beta-bourbonene, camphene, sabinene and linalool. The major components which only were found in seeds: gamma-terpinene and rho-cymene.'),(2098,'10.3989/gya.1014202','A comparative evaluation of chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils extracted from different chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl','Grasas y Aceites',2022,'https://doi.org/10.3989/gya.1014202',3,'https://openalex.org/W4221131446','The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl leaves (CCPL) from 5 different habitats in China by GC-MS, and to evaluate their antimicrobial activities against 3 foodborne pathogens, using a paper disc diffusion method. A total of 30 compounds were identified with a predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes, including linalool (42.65%-96.47%), eucalyptol (39.07%-55.35%) and camphor (26.08%) as well as monoterpene hydrocarbons such as sabinene (6.18%-12.93%) and α-terpineol (8.19%-13.81%). Through cluster analysis, CCPL from 5 different habitats can be well divided into 2 categories. Combining with principal component analysis, the habitats can be better correlated with the chemical constituents of the essential oils. The antimicrobial activities of 5 extracted essential oils against 2 gram-negative bacteria and one gram-positive bacteria were assessed. It showed that the essential oil extracted from the CCPL harvested in Jinxi had the strongest antibacterial property. The results of this study provided basis for resource identification of CCPL and quality difference identification of essential oils. Research on the antibacterial properties of several pathogenic strains has proved its application value as a natural food preservative.'),(2099,'10.4067/S0717-97072009000400012','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2100,'10.4067/S0717-97072014000100025','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2101,'10.4067/S0718-58392012000400007','Bioactivity of Lantana camara L. essential oil against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)','Chilean journal of agricultural research',2012,'https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392012000400007',42,'https://openalex.org/W2019080251','Lantana camara L. is a widespread plant species mostly native to subtropical and tropical regions of the world. In this study, insecticidal and repellent activities of L. camara essential oil were evaluated against Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) (Col: Bruchidae). Analysis of chemical composition by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed high amounts of sesquiterpenes, mainly -humelene (23.3%) and cis-caryophyllene (16.2%). The results showed that the essential oil of L. camara has strong repellent activity against adults of C. maculatus at all tested concentrations. After 2 and 4 h, 97.4 and 100% repellency was seen at highest concentrations of 0.4 L cm -2 , respectively. Moreover, the oil was found to be toxic to adults when applied by fumigation. Responses varied with the gender of insect and exposure time. The LC50 values were 282.7 and 187.9 L L -1 for females and males, respectively. An increase in the exposure time from 3 to 24 h caused increasing in mortality from 23.6 to 100% in males and from 14.1 to 97.1% in females, at highest concentration (1160 L L -1 ). According to these results, L. camara essential oil may be useful as an alternative for bean protection against C. maculatus.'),(2102,'10.4067/S0718-58392013000300008','Comparative study of two coniferous species (Pinus pinaster Aiton and Cupressus sempervirens L. var. dupreziana [A. Camus] Silba) essential oils: Chemical composition and biological activity','Chilean journal of agricultural research',2013,'https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392013000300008',31,'https://openalex.org/W1987228960','Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) and Saharan cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var. dupreziana [A. Camus] Silba) are two cone-bearing seed coniferous woody plants. The chemical composition of their essential oils, isolated from needles and leaves by hydrodistillation, was analyzed with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 66 and 28 compounds were identified, which represented 99.5% and 98.9% of total pine and cypress oils, respectively. Pinus pinaster oil was found to be rich in -pinene (31.4%), (Z)-caryophyllene (28%), and -humulene (6.7%); it was characterized by relatively high amounts of monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (44.5% and 46.3%, respectively). The major components identified in cypress oil were manoyl oxide (34.7%), -pinene (31.8%), -humulene (9%), and -3-carene (8.7%). Results of in vitro antifungal test assays showed that both oils significantly inhibit the growth of 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Herbicidal effects of the oils on seed germination, seed vigor, and seedling growth of three common crop weeds Sinapis arvensis L., Phalaris paradoxa L., and Raphanus raphanistrum L. were also determined; the oils completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all the weeds.'),(2103,'10.4103/0973-1296.62890','Chemical composition and resistance-modifying effect of the essential oil of<i>Lantana camara</i>linn','Pharmacognosy Magazine',2010,'https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.62890',39,'https://openalex.org/W2121598775','In this work, the chemical constituents, antibacterial and modulatory activities of the essential oil of Lantana camara Linn were studied. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of L. camara by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger\'s apparatus and its chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS, and the relative content of each constituent was determined by area normalization. Among the 25 identified components, bicyclogermacrene (19.42%), isocaryophyllene (16.70%), valecene (12.94%) and germacrene D (12.34%) were the main constituents. The oil was examined to antibacterial and modulatory activities against the multiresistant strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution test. The results show an inhibitory activity to E. coli (MIC 512 mug/ml) and S. aureus (MIC 256 mug/ml). The synergism of the essential oil and aminoglycosides was verified too, with significant reduction of MICs (7 x, 1250-5 mug/ml) against E. coli. It is suggested that the essential oil of Lantana camara Linn could be used as a source of plant-derived natural products with resistance-modifying activity.'),(2104,'10.4103/0973-8258.42728','Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of &lt;i&gt; Pimpinella affinis&lt;/i&gt; Ledeb. essential oil growing in Iran','International Journal of Green Pharmacy',2008,'https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-8258.42728',2,'https://openalex.org/W2302966488','Th e chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the fruits of Pimpinella affi nis Ledeb. (Apiaceae) was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Twenty - four components were identifi ed in the essential oil of P. affi nis Ledeb., whose major constituents were geijerene (17.68%), limonene (12.86%), pregeijerene (9.92%), germacrene D (8.54%) and trans- β-ocimene (4.94%). Th e essential oil was evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Th e oil showed antimicrobial activity against all the tested microorganisms, excepted Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Maximum activity was observed against fungal microorganisms. Key words: Antimicrobial; apiaceae, essential oil, Pimpinella affi nis Ledeb'),(2105,'10.4172/2157-7110.1000112','Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction Analysis of the Volatile Flavour Compounds of Roasted Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)','Journal of Food Processing & Technology',2011,'https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7110.1000112',23,'https://openalex.org/W2142075909','Headspace-solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used to provide the volatile profile of roasted chickpea as a means of unravelling and elucidating roasted chickpea as a prerequisite in developing chickpea snack item for the health and functional food sectors. The results of the HSSPME and optimization analysis using response surface methodology showed that DVB/CAR/PDMS was the most effective fibre and further results revealed the extraction temperature to be the dominant factor. A total of 61 volatile compounds were identified in the roasted chickpea. The best response within the range studied was established at 60oC extraction temperature, 30 min of equilibrium time and 15 min of extraction time. The volatile compounds identified comprised of aldehydes (25%), hydrocarbons (25%), terpenoids (20%), esters (8%), ketones (8%), alcohols (8%) and heterocyclic (8%). The results further indicated that the final model was significantly (P < 0.05) fitted for the response variable (total flavour peak area) studied with a relatively high R 2(0.9658).'),(2106,'10.4172/2161-0444.1000382','Essential Oil Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia herbaâ alba Asso Grown in Algeria','Medicinal Chemistry',2016,'https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0444.1000382',46,'https://openalex.org/W2475759141','In the recent decades, antimicrobial plant products have gained special interest because of the resistance to antibiotics that some micro-organisms have acquired. Aromatic and medicinal plants are an important source of bioactive molecules, especially in volatile extracts, that are considered among the most important antimicrobial agents present in these plants. Volatile components of Artemisia herba-alba Asso essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation growing in Algeria (Djelfacityof south Algeria) were investigated by GC/FID and GC-MS. The major components were found to be camphor (39.5%), chrysanthenone (10.38%), 1,8-cineole (8.6%), -thujone (7.03%), Borneol (3.35%) and bornyl acetate (2.52%). The essential oil has been tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Inhibition of growth was tested by the agar diffusion method. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the method of agar dilution.'),(2107,'10.4238/gmr16019542','Antifungal activity, yield, and composition of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil','Genetics and Molecular Research',2017,'https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr16019542',66,'https://openalex.org/W2599104457','Ocimum gratissimum L. or clove basil, belongs to the Lamiaceae family, has various desirable uses and applications. Beyond its aromatic, seasoning, and medicinal applications, this plant also has antimicrobial activity. This study was aimed at assessing the antifungal activity, yield, and composition of the essential oil (EO) of O. gratissimum. The species was cultivated in garden beds with dystrophic red latosol soil type containing high organic-matter content. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation of dried leaves in a modified Clevenger apparatus, followed by determination of its content. Chemical characterization was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Microbial activity was assessed using the broth microdilution method, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), in order to compare the antimicrobial effect of EO in 10 isolates-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum (CMM-0033), F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (CMM-0813 and CMM-2819), F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (CMM-1104), F. solani (CMM-3828), Rhizoctonia solani (CMM-3274), and Macrophomina phaseolina (CMM-2715, CMM-3875, CMM-3615, and CMM-3650). The EO was a highly effective inhibitor of the studied phytopathogenic fungi, with MICs varying from 31.25 to 125 µg/mL. F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici and R. solani were the most sensitive; both were inhibited at an MIC of 31.25 µg/mL. The EO content in the plant extract was 0.18%. Thirty chemical compounds were detected via GC-MS, with linalool (32.9%) being the major compound followed by 1,8-cineole (21.9%), both oxygenated monoterpenes. It can be concluded that clove basil EO is a highly effective antifungal agent, and therefore, a potential alternative for the control of plant pathogenic diseases.'),(2108,'10.47665/tb.39.2.005','Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Origanum floribundum Munby essential oil endemic plant from Algeria','Tropical biomedicine',2022,'https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.39.2.005',3,'https://openalex.org/W4283802897','Among strategies for decreasing diseases, the use of larvicidal plant extracts against mosquito larvae gain an important place in vector control. The aim of the present study was to reveal the insecticidal effectiveness of an endemic medicinal plant on Mosquito-Borne Diseases. The chemical composition of the dried aerial part from Origanum floribundum Essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) system. The potential larvicidal activity of this extract as bioinsecticide was assessed against Culex pipiens. Results showed many functional groups such as phenols and alcohols, besides, the chemical composition by GC-MS identified thymol (86.9%) and p-Cymene (5.1%) as major components. A significant larvicidal effect against the target mosquito species was noted, with values of LC 50 at 21.19 mg/l and LC 90 at 68.37 mg/l. The results obtained showed that the essential oil of Origanum floribundum with chemotype thymol possess a potent larvicidal activity and could be considered as an eco-friendly alternative for vector control.'),(2109,'10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4275','Optimization of Disk Sorptive Extraction Based on Monolithic Material for the Determination of Aroma Compounds from Lantana camara L. by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry','Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society',2011,'https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4275',14,'https://openalex.org/W2068597142','Present study describes the optimization of disk type sorptive extraction using monolithic material (Mono Trap) for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds from Lantana camara L. in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Monolithic material sorptive extraction (MMSE) is a new sampling technique using a monolithic hybrid adsorptive disk (O.D. 10 mm, 1 mm thickness) made of high purity silica and activated carbon having a large surface area chemically bonded with octadecyl silane (ODS). The experimental parameters that may influence the MMSE efficiency have been optimized. Linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits were evaluated to assess the performance of the proposed method. The method was validated with real plant samples of Lantana camara L. Twenty eight compounds including the main representative compounds of <TEX>${alpha}$</TEX>-curcumene and <TEX>${eta}$</TEX>-caryophyllene were found in analyzed samples. Results proved that proposed method could be used as a good alternative for the analysis for such volatile aroma compounds in plant samples.'),(2110,'10.54085/ap.2022.11.1.50','Antibacterial potentials of Tamarindus indica L. leaf extracts against multidrug resistant pathogens','Annals of Phytomedicine An International Journal',2022,'http://doi.org/10.54085/ap.2022.11.1.50',1,'https://openalex.org/W4284978025','Multidrug resistance (MDR), which has a major effect on patient\'s morbidity and mortality, is the bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents not with standing previous sensitivity to them. Due to a number of reasons like irrational use of antibiotics, it has been predicted that, by 2050, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will reach to epidemic proportions, becoming the major cause of death. So, the scientific world is searching for potential antibacterial agents from the nature and various plant materials have proven to be one of the promising sources. Tamarindus indica L. (Tamarind) which is widely seen in tropical and subtropical zones has shown to possess a number of potential biochemical compounds, many of them yet to be explored, with a wide range of activities including against microorganisms. So, the present study focuses on evaluating the anti-MDR bacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extracts of this plant against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the antioxidant activities were also examined. 500 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml extracts concentrations showed higher zones of inhibition against both the test organisms. The MICs of E. coli and S. aureus were found to be 7.8 mg and 31.5 mg. The crude leaf extract showed better antioxidant values, 78.73 0.46% of DPPH scavenging and 62.8 0.42% of reducing power was observed on 1000 g of extract. From this analysis, it has been concluded that, further studies will help in exploring the chances of using potential phytocompounds from T. indica in the treatment of MDR infections.'),(2111,'10.5650/jos.ess17048','Comparative Study on Volatile Compounds of &lt;i&gt;Alpinia japonica&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Elettaria cardamom&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;um&lt;/i&gt;','Journal of Oleo Science',2017,'https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess17048',10,'https://openalex.org/W2735450286','The volatile compounds obtained from the ether extracts, headspace gases and steam distillates of Alpinia japonica and Elettaria cardamomum were analyzed by GC/MS. Both species were rich sources of naturally rare fenchane-type monoterpenoids, fenchene, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol and its acetate, together with 1,8-cineole. The distributions of volatile sesquiterpenoids were very poor in both species. Chiralities of fenchone in A. japonica and E. cardamomum were 99% of (1S,4R)-(+)-form. Camphor in A. japonica is composed of a mixture of (1R,4R)-(+)-form (94.3%) and (1S,4S)-(-)-form (5.7%). On the other hand, E. cardamomum produced only (1R,4R)-(+)-camphor (99%).'),(2112,'10.5650/jos.ess17049','Volatile Compounds from the Different Organs of &lt;i&gt;Houttuynia cordata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Litsea cubeba&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;L. citriodora&lt;/i&gt;)','Journal of Oleo Science',2017,'https://doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess17049',22,'https://openalex.org/W2735310981','The volatile compounds obtained from the different organs of Houttuynia cordata (Saururaceae) and Litsea cubeba (Lauraceae) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS), Headspace Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS), and GC/olfactometry (GC/O). The major component of all parts of H. cordata is assigned as 4-tridecanone. Each organ produces myrcene as the major monoterpenoid. The major monoterpene in the rhizomes and roots was β-pinene instead of myrcene. 1-Decanal which was responsible for the unpleasant odor of this plant, was the predominant polyketide in both leaves and stems. The presence of 1-decanal was very poor in flowers, stem collected in summer, rhizomes, and roots. GC/MS analyses were very simple in case of the crude extracts of flowers. The content of sesquiterpenoids was extremely poor. (8Z)-Heptadecene, geranial, and neral were detected as the major components in Litsea cubeba. Odor-contributing components by GC/O analysis of the ether extract of the fresh flowers of L. cubeba were neral and geranial which played an important role in sweet-lemon fragrance of the flowers. The role of a high content of (8Z)-heptadecene was still unknown but it might play a significant role in the dispersion of the volatile monoterpene hydrocarbons and aldehydes. The flower volatiles of the Japanese L. cubeba were chemically quite different from those of the Chinese same species.'),(2113,'10.5897/AJB08.345','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2114,'10.59520/bapp.bapb/vpnm5432','Adulteration of Nigella (Nigella sativa) Seed and Seed Oil','NA',2023,'https://doi.org/10.59520/bapp.bapb/vpnm5432',2,'https://openalex.org/W4387858028','This bulletin aims to provide general information on the seed and seed oil of nigella (Nigella sativa) and summarizes the available information on adulteration, mislabeling, counterfeiting, and fraud in nigella raw material and its products. It also provides information on trade and market dynamics, laboratory methods for detecting adulteration, and economic and safety implications for the consumer and industry. It may be used as guidance for quality control personnel and members of the international phytomedicine and botanical supplement industries and the extended natural products community in general.'),(2115,'10.5962/bhl.title.119087','Ethylene-induced tissue breakdown in fruit of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai) /','NA',1985,'https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119087',2,'https://openalex.org/W2487271771','Although watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] fruit have been classified as climacteric, there are reports that they exhibit cellular breakdown when exposed to ethylene gas. This study comprises an investigation of the postharvest behavior of watermelon fruit under normal conditions and in response to ethylene or propylene. Parameters measured included the effects of ethylene on ripening and respiratory activity, electrolyte leakage, cell wall ultrastructure, and cell wall hydrolases. All experiments included a comparison of the changes which occurred during both ethylene-induced breakdown and natural ripening of fruit.'),(2116,'10.7287/peerj.14433v0.3/reviews/3','Peer Review #3 of \"Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Monarda didyma L. essential oil (v0.3)\"','NA',2022,'https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.14433v0.3/reviews/3',0,'https://openalex.org/W4309974133','In the present study, Monarda didyma L. essential oil (isolated from the flowering aerial part s of the plant) was examined to characterize its chemotype and to evaluate, in addition to the quali-quantitative chemical analysis, the associated antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities.The plants were grown in central Italy, Urbino (PU), Marche region.Different analyses (TLC, GC-FID, GC-MS and 1 H-NMR) allowed to identify twenty compounds among which carvacrol, p-cymene and thymol were the most abundant.On this basis, the chemotype examined in the present study was indicated as Monarda didyma ct.carvacrol.The antioxidant effect was assessed by DPPH assay.Moreover, this chemotype was investigated for the anti-inflammatory effect in an in vitro setting (i.e., LPS-stimulated U937 cells).The decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the increased expression of miR-146a are suggestive of the involvement of the Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathway.Although further studies are needed to better investigate the action mechanism/s underlying the results observed in the experimental setting, our findings show that M. didyma essential oil is rich in bioactive compounds (mainly aromatic monoterpenes and phenolic monoterpenes) which are most likely responsible for its beneficial effect.'),(2117,'10.7546/crabs.2018.10.03','Volatile Constituents of Inula oculus-christi L. Aerial Parts','NA',2018,'https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.10.03',2,'https://openalex.org/W2898224504','NA'),(2118,'10.7546/crabs.2019.11.05','Essential Oils Composition of the Endemic Bulgarian Plant Species Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen. (Lamiaceae)','NA',2019,'https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.11.05',1,'https://openalex.org/W2994094180','Ivanka Dimitrova-Dyulgerova, Yulian Marinov, Tsvetelina Mladenova, Plamen Stoyanov, Albena Stoyanova, Essential Oils Composition of the Endemic Bulgarian Plant Species Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen. (Lamiaceae)'),(2119,'10.7717/peerj.2860/fig-4','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2120,'1307-6167','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2121,'Anti-mycobacterial efficacy of three essentials oils from medicinal plants currently used traditionally to treat tuberculosis in Cameroon','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2122,'Antibacterial activity of essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill against isolated and standard bacteria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2123,'Antimicrobial properties of American Hazelnut oil and extracts','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2124,'Aroma chemical composition of Piper guineense Schumach. & Thonn. From Lagos, Nigeria: a new chemotype','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2125,'Characterization of volatile metabolites of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. gray leaves and flowers','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2126,'Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of the Essential Oil of Chromolaena odorata from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2127,'Chemical characterization of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth volatile oils','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2128,'Chemical composition and anti-proliferative activity of the essential oil of Coriandrum sativum L','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2129,'Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae) against selected phytopathogenic fungi','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2130,'Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Artemisia fragrans Willd. in north-west of Iran','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2131,'Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Ocimum kilimandscharicum (R. Br.) Guerke: A new chemotype','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2132,'Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the leaf essential oils of Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Noot growing in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2133,'Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from leaves of Corymbia citriodora Hook grown in western Cuba','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2134,'Chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of the essential oil of Galagania fragrantissima Lipsky (Apiaceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2135,'Chemical composition and biocide properties of Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) essential oil against developmental stages of the malaria vector Anopheles coluzzii','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2136,'Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from Ocotea quixos (Lam.) Kosterm. leaves grown wild in Ecuador','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2137,'Chemical composition and biological activities of peels and leaves essential oils of four cultivars of Citrus deliciosa var. tangarina','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2138,'Chemical composition and biological activity of Centella asiatica essential oil from Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2139,'Chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides from Yemen','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2140,'Chemical composition and biological activity of the leaf essential oil of Callistemon citrinus from Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2141,'Chemical composition and enantiomeric distribution of Picea pungens essential oil','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2142,'Chemical composition and enantiomeric distribution of monoterpenoids of the essential oil of Abies spectabilis from Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2143,'Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil from Eupatorium africanum Oliv. & Hiern','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2144,'Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oils from Minthostachys spicata (Benth) Epling and Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth) Kuntze against Premnotrypes latithorax Pierce','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2145,'Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of the essential oil of Encelia farinosa growing in the Sonoran Desert','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2146,'Chemical composition of Artemisia frigida Willd. from Southwestern Idaho','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2147,'Chemical composition of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck growing in southwestern Nigeria: Essential oil chemo types of both peel and leaf of lemon','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2148,'Chemical composition of Cryptomeria japonica leaf oil from Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2149,'Chemical composition of Gardenia ternifolia Schumach & Thonn (Rubiaceae) leaf essential oil','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2150,'Chemical composition of Lophanthus turcicus Dirmenci, Y?ld?z & Hedge. Essential oil from Turkey','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2151,'Chemical composition of essential oils and hydrosols of three Eucalyptus species from Senegal: Eucalyptus alba Renv, Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh and Eucalyptus tereticornis Hook','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2152,'Chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves and stems of Vernonia amygdalina Del. collected in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2153,'Chemical composition of essential oils from the leaves of Garcinia Gracilis Pierre (Clusiaceae) and Canarium parvum Leenh. (Burseraceae) growing in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2154,'Chemical composition of essential oils of Amomum villosum Lour','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2155,'Chemical composition of peel, leaf and flower essential oils from Newhall and Gannanzao navel oranges','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2156,'Chemical composition of the bark essential oil of Cercis canadensis L. (Fabaceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2157,'Chemical composition of the essential oil from Cunninghamia konishii Hayata growing wild in Vietnam.','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2158,'Chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Boltonia asteroides from North Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2159,'Chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium growing in Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2160,'Chemical composition of the floral essential oil of Tabernaemontana longipes from Monteverde, Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2161,'Chemical composition of the foliar essential oil of Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis from southeastern Oregon','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2162,'Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Clibadium leiocarpum from Monteverde, Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2163,'Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Lindera benzoin growing in North Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2164,'Chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of an undescribed species of Zanthoxylum from Monteverde, Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2165,'Chemical composition of the leaf essential pil of Terminalia catappa L. growing in southwestern Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2166,'Chemical composition of the wood essential oil of Tectona grandis','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2167,'Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Conyza canadensis growing wild in Kashmir valley','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2168,'Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic assessment of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. (Rubiaceae) essential oil from southwestern Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2169,'Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial Activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Cymbopogon citratus','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2170,'Chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the rhizomes of Curcuma singularis growing in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2171,'Chemical compositions and enantiomeric distributions of leaf essential oils of three conifers from Oregon','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2172,'Chemical compositions of essential oils of some Kenyan Ocimum species','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2173,'Chemical compositions of the essential oils of three Salvia species cultivated in Germany','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2174,'Chemical constituents and antifungal properties of the essential oils from the stem bark of Mitragyna ciliata Aubrev. & Pellegr. and leaves of Cynometra vogelii Hook. f. from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2175,'Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. and Coriandrum sativum L. from Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2176,'Chemical constituents of essential oils from the leaves of Tithonia diversifolia, Houttuynia cordata and Asarum glabrum grown in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2177,'Chemical constituents of leaf essential oil of Nepeta laevigata (D. Don) Hand.-Mazz from Kumaun Himalaya','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2178,'Chemical constituents of leaf essential oils of Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC from western Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2179,'Chemical constituents, antioxidant activities and antimicrobial properties of volatile oil from different part of Duranta repens Linn','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2180,'Chemical profiles and brine shrimp toxicity of volatile oils hydrodistilled from stem bark and heartwood of Ceiba pentandra Linn.','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2181,'Combined analysis of Xylopia aethiopica trunk bark oil by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2182,'Comparative analysis of essential oils of Citrus aurantifolia Swingle and Citrus reticulata Blanco, from two different localities of Lagos State, Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2183,'Comparative terpenoid composition of the leaf and root essential oil of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2184,'Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils from the fresh and dried leaves of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. and K. Krause) Danser [Loranthaceae]','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2185,'Comparison of the chemical constitutions, antibacterial, anti-Candida, and antioxidant activity of Nepeta asterotricha Rech. F. essential oil','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2186,'Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, growing in Uzbekistan','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2187,'Composition and bioactivities of the leaf essential oil of Ficus religiosa Linn.','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2188,'Composition and bioactivity of the essential oil of Tanacetum parthenium from a wild population growing in Tajikistan','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2189,'Composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Nigella sativa seeds isolated by accelerated microwave steam distillation with cryogenic grinding','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2190,'Composition of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oil from Tajikistan','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2191,'Composition of the essential oil of Cedrus brevifolia needles Evaluation of its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2192,'Composition of the wood oils of Calocedrus macrolepis, Calocedrus rupestris and Cupressus tonkinensis (Cupressaceae) from Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2193,'Composition of volatiles from Sarcobatus vermiculatus growing in southwestern Idaho','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2194,'Constituents of essential oils from the leaves and rhizomes of Ophiopogon fruticulosus Aver., N. Tanaka & K.S. Nguyen from Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2195,'Effect of crushing of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) and distillation rate on main constituents of the essential oil','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2196,'Essential Oil Composition of Lawsonia inermis leaves from Tunisia','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2197,'Essential Oil Constituents of Zira (Bunium persicum [Boiss.] B. Fedtsch.) from Tajikistan','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2198,'Essential oil analysis and phytotoxic activity of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2199,'Essential oil chemistry of some Mangifera indica varieties from Kenya','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2200,'Essential oil composition and antiradical activity of two Artemisia species endemic to the island of Crete (Southern Greece)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2201,'Essential oil composition and fatty acid profile of two endemic Gypsophila species from turkey','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2202,'Essential oil composition of African marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) harvested at different growth stages in foothills agroclimatic conditions of North India','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2203,'Essential oil composition of Ambrosia cumanensis (Asteraceae) from Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2204,'Essential oil composition of Artemisia abyssinica from three habitats in Yemen','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2205,'Essential oil composition of Baccharis linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. and Baccharis paniculata DC. leaves from Chile','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2206,'Essential oil composition of Caperonia palustris (L.) A. St-Hil. (Euphorbiaceae) growing in South West, Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2207,'Essential oil composition of Salvia nemorosa cv. May Night cultivated in Kuna, Idaho','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2208,'Essential oil composition of citrus peels in Kikai-jima Island, Japan','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2209,'Essential oil compositions of Daphne sericea vahl. flowers with hydrodistillation method','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2210,'Essential oil compositions of Juniperus virginiana and Pinus virginiana, two important trees in Cherokee traditional medicine','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2211,'Essential oil compositions of male and female flowers of Ptelea trifoliata','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2212,'Essential oil constituents and study of Antioxdiant, Antidiabetic Activities of Ixora coccinea L. extract from South West, Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2213,'Essential oil constituents, anticancer and antimicrobial activity of Ficus mucoso and Casuarina equisetifolia leaves','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2214,'Essential oil of Cordia millenii from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2215,'Essential oil profiles of two Rubus varieties and the antimicrobial activities and lethality of their extracts','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2216,'Essential oils from Bolivia. XVI. A first look at three endemic Salvia: S. orbignaei, S. haenkei and S. retinervia','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2217,'Essential oils from Eucalyptus deglupta (Myrtaceae) cultivated in Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2218,'Essential oils of Aframomum danielli and Aframomum melegueta (Zingiberaceae): Chemical composition and antibacterial activity','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2219,'Essential oils of Atriplex canescens and Grayia spinosa, two members of the Amaranthaceae growing in the Snake River canyon near Swan Falls, Idaho','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2220,'Essential oils of Cinnamomum curvifolium (Lour.) Nees and Cinnamomum mairei H. Lev','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2221,'Extraction and Characterization of Essential Oils from Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2222,'Fonenol, the main constituent of the essential oil of the leaf of Piper longum L','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2223,'GC and GC-MS analysis of the fresh flower essential oil of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. et Th. var. fruticosa (Craib) J. Sincl.','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2224,'Gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis and phytopathogenic activity of theessential oil of Plectranthus tenuiflorus','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2225,'Healing properties of an emulsion containing essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2226,'Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Bush Tea): Volatile composition of fruits and stems essential oils','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2227,'Identification of Volatile Constituents of the Stem bark and Fruits of Desmos cochinchinensis Lour','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2228,'Identification of constituents of essential oil of Zanthoxylum evoidiifolium Guill. from Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2229,'Identification of essential oil components from Conradina canescens','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2230,'Investigation on chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Pulicaria mauritanica essential oil applied by direct addition or vapor contact','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2231,'Leaf and Bark Essential Oil Compositions of Bursera simaruba from Monteverde, Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2232,'Leaf and flower essential oil compositions of Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae) from Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2233,'Leaf essential oil composition and bioactivity of Psidium guajava from Kathmandu, Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2234,'Leaf essential oil composition and terpenoid enantiomeric distribution of Monarda bradburiana Beck cultivated in South Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2235,'Leaf essential oil composition of Tsuga canadensis growing wild in North Alabama and Northwest Georgia','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2236,'Leaf essential oil composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Cleistocalyx operculatus from Hetauda, Nepal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2237,'Leaf essential oil compositions of Rudbeckia fulgida Aiton, Rudbeckia hirta L., and Symphyotrichum novaeangliae (L.) G.L. Nesom (Asteraceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2238,'Leaf essential oil compositions of bears foot Smallanthus uvedalia and Polymnia canadensis','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2239,'Pharmacological activities and chemical composition of the Olea europaea L. leaf essential oils from Tunisia','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2240,'Potential interest of Tussilago farfara (L.) whole plant of Lithuanian and French origin for essential oil extraction','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2241,'Preventive effects of the sesquiterpenic compounds of essential oil from Greenwayodendron suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. Subsp. suaveolens stem barks on free radicals and proteins inflammation','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2242,'Root essential oil composition of Chaerophyllum villosum Wall. ex DC. from Uttarakhand, India','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2243,'Seasonal variation in the composition of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng essential oil and its biological activities','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2244,'Seasonal variation in the essential oil composition of Salvia microphylla','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2245,'Stem volatile oils composition of Ocimum basilicum L. cultivars and Ocimum gratissimum L. from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2246,'Study on essential oil of Mentha aquatica L. from Vietnam++++++','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2247,'Study on the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of Two Annonaceae Plants from Vietnam: Miliusa sinensis and Artabotrys taynguyenensis','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2248,'Studying of optimization condition of rosemary essence extraction with microwave assisted hydro-distillation method','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2249,'The cytotoxic activity of Annona muricata leaf oil from Badagary, Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2250,'The essential oil composition of Artemisia dracunculus growing wild in southwestern Idaho','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2251,'The essential oil composition of Lysichiton americanus Hulten & H. St. John (Araceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2252,'The essential oil compositions of Centratherum punctatum growing wild in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2253,'The essential oils of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2254,'The floral essential oil composition and biological activity of Solanum macranthum Dunal','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2255,'The floral essential oil composition of Albizia julibrissin growing in Northern Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2256,'The sesquiterpene-rich essential oils of Erythrina variegata growing wild in Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2257,'The stem essential oil of Taxus chinensis (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Rehder (Taxaceae) from Vietnam','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2258,'The volatile components of parsley, Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2259,'The volatile components of the aerial parts of Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Euphorbiaceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2260,'The volatile phytochemicals of Eriogonum heracleoides Nutt. var. heracleoides (Polygonaceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2261,'The wood essential oil composition of Swietenia macrophylla from Guanacaste, Costa Rica','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2262,'The wood essential oil of Sassafras albidum','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2263,'VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS FROM THE FLOWERS OF TWO SPECIES OF HONEYSUCKLE (LONICERA JAPONICA AND LONICERA CAPRIFOLIUM)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2264,'Variation in the volatile phytochemistry of Ageratum conyzoides','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2265,'Variation in volatile constituents of Acorus calamus L.; A potential medicinal plant of Uttarakhand','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2266,'Volatile components of organ pipe cactus, Stenocereus thurberi Engelm., growing in the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2267,'Volatile components of the aerial parts of Conoclinium coelestinum from North Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2268,'Volatile components of the aerial parts of Prunella vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2269,'Volatile composition of Vicia caroliniana growing in Huntsville, Alabama','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2270,'Volatile composition of the floral essential oil of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2271,'Volatile compositions of two cactus species growing in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2272,'Volatile constituents of Crescentia cujete L','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2273,'Volatile constituents of Jatropha gossypifolia L. grown in Nigeria','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2274,'Volatile oil composition of Curcuma oligantha Trimen from Sri Lanka','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2275,'Volatile oils from Cedrela odorata L. As Protectants against Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2276,'Yield and chemical variability of the essential oil isolated from aerial parts of wild Origanum compactum Benth. From Moroccan Western Rif','NA','NA',0,'NA',0,'NA','NA'),(2277,'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201400223','EssentialâOil Composition and Chemical Variability of <i>Senecio vulgaris</i> L. from Corsica','Chemistry & Biodiversity',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201400223',13,'https://openalex.org/W2117728201','The chemical composition of the essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of Senecio vulgaris plants collected in 30 Corsican localities was characterized using GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Altogether, 54 components, which accounted for 95.2% of the total oil composition, were identified in the 30 essential-oil samples. The main compounds were α-humulene (1; 57.3%), (E)-β-caryophyllene (2; 5.6%), terpinolene (3; 5.3%), ar-curcumene (4; 4.3%), and geranyl linalool (5; 3.4%). The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from separate organs and during the complete vegetative cycle of the plants were also studied, to gain more knowledge about the plant ecology. The production of monoterpene hydrocarbons, especially terpinolene, seems to be implicated in the plant-flowering process and, indirectly, in the dispersal of this weed species. Comparison of the present results with the literature highlighted the originality of the Corsican S. vulgaris essential oils and indicated that α-humulene might be used as taxonomical marker for the future classification of the Senecio genus. A study of the chemical variability of the 30 S. vulgaris essential oils using statistical analysis allowed the discrimination of two main clusters according to the soil nature of the sample locations. These results confirmed that there is a relation between the soil nature, the chemical composition of the essential oils, and morphological plant characteristics. Moreover, they are of interest for commercial producers of essential oil in selecting the most appropriate plants.'),(2278,'https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-022-00573-z','Use of Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) essential oil as insecticidal and antifeedant agents against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)','Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection',2022,'https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-022-00573-z',13,'https://openalex.org/W4220671856','NA'),(2279,'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114192','Fractions of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Compositae) induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in rats: Possible option in monosodium glutamate-induced hepatic and uterine pathological disorder','Journal of Ethnopharmacology',2021,'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114192',5,'https://openalex.org/W3160652292','NA'),(2280,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1099120','Chemical characterization of<i>Rosa damascena</i> Miller var. <i>trigintipetala</i> Dieck essential oil and its<i>in vitro</i>genotoxic and cytotoxic properties','Journal of Essential Oil Research',2015,'https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1099120',27,'https://openalex.org/W2238212717','Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck (Taif rose) is considered as one of the most important economic products of Taif governorate, KSA. In this study, the different components of Taif rose essential oil were characterized using GC-MS technique. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxic, genotoxic and anticancer effects of the oil were investigated toward normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and two kinds of human cancer cell lines; HepG2 and MCF7. GC-MS analysis showed that the acyclic monoterpene alcohols had the highest content (254.7 mg/g oil). The major components of the oil that have relative percentage > 5% were β-citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, phenylethyl alcohol and nonadecane. The results showed that the oil was safe at a dose < 50 μg/mL when applied to normal human blood lymphocytes monitored by 7-AAD assay and DNA index determination. The oil exerted anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 with IC50 = 13.03 ± 0.8 and 16.44 ± 1.4 μg/mL respectively. In conclusion, the essential oil of Taif rose can be used as an effective therapeutic natural agent after more toxicological in vitro and in vivo studies.'),(2281,'https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100601140','Volatile Constituents of Two <i>Hypericum</i> Species from Tunisia','Natural Product Communications',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601140',10,'https://openalex.org/W2461383287','The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of the Tunisian Hypericum perforatum and H. ericoides ssp. roberti was elucidated by a combination of GC and GC-MS analyses. The main constituents of the oil of H. perforatum were alpha-pinene (11.8%), alpha-ylangene (10.4%), germacrene-D (9.5%), n-octane (6.5%) and alpha-selinene (5.9%). The oil of H. ericoides ssp. roberti exhibited a higher amount of aliphatic and branched hydrocarbons and the main constituents were n-octane (29.1%), alpha-pinene (10.9%), pulegone (7.7%) and acetophenone (7%). Both qualitative and quantitative differences were observed between the studied oils. This chemical variability seems likely to result from the genetic variability, since samples of both species were collected at the same location and processed under the same conditions.'),(2282,'https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100601141','Chemical Composition and Possible <i>in vitro</i> Antigermination Activity of Three <i>Hypericum</i> Essential Oils','Natural Product Communications',2011,'https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601141',7,'https://openalex.org/W2413794126','The essential oils of Hypericum perforatum, H. perfoliatum and H. hircinum, growing in Southern Italy, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. In the three oils, 111 compounds in all were identified: 53 for the oil of H. hircinum (93.7% of the total oil), 55 for H. perforatum (96.5% of the total oil) and 63 for H. perfoliatum (98.7% of the total oil). The major fraction of the essential oils of H. perforatum and H. hircinum was represented by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, while the monoterpene alpha-pinene, and the phenol thymol were the most abundant compounds in the essential oil of H. perfoliatum. The oils were evaluated for their potential in vitro phytotoxic activity against germination and early radicle elongation of Raphanus sativus and Lepidium sativum. The germination of this latter was significantly inhibited by the essential oil of H. hircinum, at the highest doses tested, whereas radicle elongation of garden cress was significantly inhibited by the essential oils of H. perfoliatum and H. hircinum. The radicle elongation of radish was inhibited by the essential oil of H. hircinum to a major extent and by H. perforatum and perfoliatum in a minor measure.');


