Abstract Essential oils, which were obtained from the leaves of Eugenia hyemalis Cambess. and Eugenia stigmatosa DC., collected in Southern Brazil, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three compounds were identified in the analyzed samples. The oil obtained from E. stigmatosa is extremely simple, containing more than 90% of physeteric acid [(Z)-tetradec-5-enoic acid], an olefinic fatty acid, accompanied by its esters and tetradecalactones. The major component of E. hyemalis oil is bicyclogermacrene (37.7%), followed by germacrene D (7.0%) and Î²-caryophyllene (7.4%).