Abstract The essential oils, which were obtained from the fresh leaves of five Eugenia species collected from different areas of South Brazil, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-nine compounds were identified in the different samples analyzed, representing 80.2â94.7% of the total oil contents. Only the oil of E. dimorphacontained considerable amounts of monoterpenes, such as Î±-pinene (22.4%) and 1,8-cineole (9.9%). E. catharinensis had an important percentage of an aliphatic compound, ethyl palmitate (10.5%). The other oils analyzed were rich in sesquiterpenes, among them aromadendrene (12.2%) and Î´-cadinene (15.8%) in E. bacopari, germacrene D (8.8%) and bicyclogermacrene (14.2%) in E. burkartiana, and Î´-selinene (7.9%) and 5-epi-paradisiol (8.4%) in E. joenssonii.