Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves and fruits of Piper divaricatum G. Mey., collected in August 2005 and September 2006, was analyzed by GC/MS and GC-FID. Twenty-six components, representing more than 94.0% of the chemical compositions of the oils, were identified. Both oils showed higher concentrations of monoterpenoids, particularly the oils from leaves (74.2â81.1%). The oils showed some compositional similarities but the fruit oil could be easily distinguished from the leaf oil by the exclusive presence of α-phellandrene (4.6â10.0%) and significant content of β-caryophyllene (9.0â11.4%). The major constituents of the leaf oils were linalool (23.4â29.7%), β-pinene (19.9â25.3%) and α-pinene (9.0â18.8%), while the fruit oils contained β-pinene (18.0â12.0%), α-pinene (6.3â17.6%) and β-caryophyllene (9.0â11.4%) as prevalent compounds.