In this research, aroma profile variation among five population from different parts of Pimpinella tragium and its subspecies were evaluated. According to obtained results, the main chemical component of Pimpinella tragium Vill. in (Khoy) was germacrene D in seed with amount of (51.80%). In Pimpinella tragium Vill. (Ghoshchi), the predominant compound included trans-dictamnol (25.30%) in inflorescence, in addition, in the root part geijerene (26.70%) was the major constituent. Pimpinella tragium Vill. (Tabriz-Ahar), in inflorescence sabinine (36.30%), was introduced as the major compound. In the subspecies of Pimpinella tragium Vill. (Mazandaran), in inflorescence, sabinine (37.10%) was identified as the major constituent as well. In Pimpinella tragium (Alvand-Hamedan) germacrene D (43.5%) was identified in inflorescence as the major compound. In general, it seems that the high value of the essential oil composition within and among Pimpinella tragium and subspecies population could provide useful information for conservation and selection of cross-parents in breeding programs.