Chemical profiles of essential oils isolated from the rhizomes of two Alpinia species, Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd. and Alpinia officinarum Hance from North East India, were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry. Major compounds identified in the oils of A. galanga and A. officinarum were 1,8-cineole (63.4 and 44.2%), α-terpineol (2.8 and 6.3%), α-pinene (1.9 and 2.0%), β-pinene (0.8 and 5.7%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.8 and 4.5%), respectively. Some additional compounds identified in A. officinarum oil were camphor (4.0%) and α-fenchyl acetate (8.9%), while chavicol (0.9%), (E)-β-farnesene (8.4%), β-sesquiphellandrene (2.6%), β-bisabolene (0.3%), and eugenol acetate (3.3%) were present in A. galanga oil. 1,8-Cineole is an important aromatic chemical reported to possess expectorant, antiseptic, and anesthetic properties and is used widely in pharmaceutical preparations. Therefore, there is a promising possibility to utilize these plant species for industrial purpose.