Abstract The essential oil of the leaves of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. from South India was investigated by GC and GC/MS. More than 50 components have been identified with 1,8-cineole (17.7%), curzerenone (10.5%), furanogermenone (7.8%), camphor (7.5%), (Z)-3-hexenol (5.8%), furanodienone (5.1%), curcumenol (4.3%), isocurcumenol (3.7%) and Î²-elemene (3.3%) as main compounds.