Productivity and essential oil composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) were evaluated under the subtropical region of north India. The crop was planted in mid-November and harvested at six different stages. The crop harvested at 225 days after transplanting yielded 88.03 L haâ1 essential oil which was at par with the yield obtained at 210 days (83.34 L haâ1). The essential oils extracted from whole aerial parts and leaves were analysed using gas chromatographyâflame ionization detector and gas chromatographyâmass spectrometry techniques. A total of 30 constituents, representing 96.2â98.2% of the total oil composition were identified. Major constituents of the oil were camphor (23.9â35.8%), 1,8-cineole (18.0â23.9%), Î±-pinene (4.5â14.4%), verbenone (6.5â12.4%), camphene (2.5â6.9%), limonene (2.1â2.8%), bornyl acetate (1.1â4.1%), Î±-terpineol (1.9â3.6%) and Î²-pinene (2.1â3.3%). In conclusion, cultivation of rosemary as a seasonal crop can produce good-quality essential oil in the subtropical region of north India.