Abstract The essential oil of the leaves of six samples of Piper aduncum L. growing wild in two different region of Pernambuco, northeast of Brazil (Brejo da Madre de Deusâsamples BMD1â3 and Serra Negraâsamples SN1â3), were investigated by a combinations of GC and GC/M S. The characterized oil samples from different localities show a high percentage of oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes in both places (BMD1â3: 90.1â90.8% and SN1â3: 95.6â97.5%). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes represented less than 6% in BMD1â3 and less than 1% in SN1â3. Twelve compounds were identified representing more than 95% of each of the oil samples. (E)-Nerolidol was found to be the main component in all the samples being present in BMD1âthree in the range of 81.5 to 82.5% while in SN 1â3 79.2â81.2% were found. Despite the fact that some minor components are not present in each oil sample, this investigation showed the same compositions of the major components of the essential oils of these P. aduncum from different region of Pernanambuco. Longipinanol (BMD1â3: 2.4â5.6%; SN1â3: 11.1â13.6%) and epi-logipinanol (BMD1â3: 2.1â2.2%; SN1â3: 2.2â0.3%) are unusual components present in the samples, which could be identified for the first time in the P. aduncum species.