Abstract The volatile constituents of the fresh leaves of Eugenia mattosii (Myrtaceae) were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The oil from this species showed that it comprised only sesquiterpenes: Î²-elemene (16.1%), Î²-caryophyllene (12.4%), bicyclogermacrene (17.5%) and Î±-cadinol (11.2%), being the major components.