Abstract The essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation in yield of 0.37% (w/w) from the aerial parts of Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss., which grows in Iran, was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization (FID) and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) detection. The 63 components of this interesting plant were identified in the oil of D. anethifolia, representing 94.0% of the oil. Î±-Pinene (11.6%), terpinolene(3.2%) and (z)-Î²-ocimene (2.8%) were the main hydrocarbon components present in the oil, while decanal (54.0%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate(3.2%) and decanoic acid (1.3%) were the major oxygen-containing constituents.