Abstract The composition of the essential oils of Teucrium chamaedrys L. from Corsica and Sardinia islands were investigated using a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after fractionation over column chromatography. Eighty-seven compounds were identified, the main components were β-caryophyllene (29.0% and 27.4%, respectively) and germacrene D (19.4% and 13.5%, respectively), followed by α-humulene (6.8%) and δ-cadinene (5.4%) in the Corsican sample and by caryophyllene oxide (12.3%) and α-humulene (6.5%) in the Sardinian sample. The study confirms the quantitative variability of the chemical composition of T. chamaedrys oils.