Abstract Leaf oil from fruiting female and non-fruiting male Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. trees, were analyzed by GC. Oil yields from male pimento trees (2.13%) were typically lower than that for female trees (2.67%). Non-fruiting and fruiting trees contained the same volatile components with different relative abundances. The composition of eugenol (p< 0.01), and myrcene, Î±-phellandrene, Î³- terpinene, terpinolene and Î±-thujene (p< 0.005) were significantly different in the female versus the male pimento trees. Characteristic monoterpenoid profiles were observed for the fruiting and non-fruiting pimento trees which could be used for the early prediction of the berry bearing ability of pimento trees.