Abstract The essential oils obtained from the leaves and thin branches, bark wood, fruits and resin of Protium spruceanum were examined by GC/MS. The major components identified in the oils of leaves and thin branches were sabinene (33.9%), terpinen-4-ol (10.3%) and Î²-caryophyllene (10.8%). The main compounds identified in the oils of bark wood and fruits were sabinene (33.8%, 56.1%) and limonene (19.4%, 22.1%), respectively. The major components from the resin oil were camphor (14.5%) and epi-Î±-cadinol (20.4%).