Abstract The essential oil and the solvent extract of two populations of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. spontanea growing wild in Austria were analyzed comparatively. In the essential oil, myrcene (31% and 27%, respectively), (E)-β-ocimene (13% and 3%, respectively) and β-caryophyllene (11% and 16%, respectively) were found, while in the solvent extract the non-hallucinogeneous cannabidiol (77% and 59%, respectively) dominated. The hallucinogeneous δ-9-tetrahydro-cannabinol (THC) was also found in the solvent extract at a level of less than 1%. Key Word Index: Cannabis sativa ssp. spontanea Cannabaceaeessential oil compositionmyrcene(E)-β-ocimeneβ-caryophyllenecannabinoids