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Title perilla frutescens britton: a comprehensive study on flavor/taste and chemical properties during the roasting process
Journal molecules
Year 2019
DOI 10.3390/molecules24071374
Cited By 24
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Abstract
this study investigated changes of volatile compounds, sniffing test-assisted sensory properties, taste associated-constituent and free amino acid compositions, taste description by electronic-tongue, and chemical characteristics in perilla frutescens britton var. acuta kudo after roasting at 150 ^0c for 0-8 min. a total of 142 volatile compounds were identified, among which methyl benzoate and limonene were predominant, regardless of roasting time, and these were also detected as the major compounds in the sniffing test by gc-olfactometry. for constituent amino acids analyzed by the acid hydrolysis method using hydrochloric acid (hcl), the concentration of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucine showed an increase pattern with increased roasting time, which results in umami taste, sour taste, and bitter taste, respectively. for free amino acids, valine and hydroxylysine eliciting bitter and bitter and sweet tastes, respectively, also tend to increase by roasting. the pattern of amino acid concentration by roasting was readily matched to the taste description by electronic-tongue but that of sweetness and sourness by electronic-tongue did not coincide with the amino acid composition. for the chemical properties, total phenolic content, antioxidative capacity, and browning intensity tend to increase with roasting but decreased by 8 min. the results of this study provide fundamental information on perilla in both the food industry and cooking environment for the sake of increasing the utilization of perilla as a food source and ingredient.
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Plants
139
Compounds
222
Records

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Compounds
Plants
Plant Parts
All Records
CompoundCount
dodecane6
limonene5
tridecane5
tetradecane5
methyl benzoate5
linalool4
alpha-pinene4
2-beta-pinene4
azulene4
2,6-dimethyl undecane4
germacrene d4
caryophyllene4
3,5-dimethyl cyclohexanol3
2-ethyl hexyl ester3
alpha-cubebene3
alpha-farnesene3
beta-myrcene3
3,5-dimethyl undecane3
alpha-terpinolene3
1,1'-oxybis decane3
camphene3
sabinene3
cyclofenchene2
gamma-terpinene2
alpha-terpinene2
undecane2
3-methyl tridecane2
3,7-dimethyl nonane2
2,6,11-trimethyl dodecane2
2,6-dimethyl heptadecane2
alpha-humulene2
4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl pyridine2
phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester2
2,8-dimethyl undecane2
4-methyl undecane2
4,4-dipropyl heptane2
citral2
delta-3-carene2
3-methyl decane2
copaene2
beta-bourbonene2
2,6-dimethyl octane2
2,4-dimethyl heptane2
isooctanol1
2-ethyl-1-decanol1
2-ethyl-1-dodecanol1
3,7,11-trimethyl-1-dodecanol1
1-ethynyl-2-methyl cyclohexanol1
2-undecenal1
5-methyl styrene-1,6-heptadien-3-yne1
6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene bicyclo-3,1,1-heptane1
2,6,10-trimethyl dodecane1
2-methyl undecane1
1-methoxymethoxy dodecane1
1,1,4,4,7,7,-hexamethyl cyclononane1
decahydro naphthoxirene1
4,4-dipropylheptane1
2,3-dimethyl undecane1
2,5,6-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene1
5-methyl tetradecane1
methyl cyclooctane1
transcaryophyllene1
alpha-terpinenyl acetate1
3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol1
3,4-dimethyl cyclohexanol1
4-1-methyl ethenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-methanol1
1-eicosanol1
caryophyll-5-en-12-al1
1,5-cyclooctadiyne1
2,6,6-trimethyl bicyclo hept-2-ene1
4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl benzene1
2,6,7-trimethyl decane1
1-ethenyloxy octadecane1
dodecyloxy methyl oxirane1
2,3,6,7-tetramethyl octane1
3-ethyl octane1
pulegone1
2,5-dimethyl undecane1
cis-ocimene1
2-2-tetrafuryl methyl tetrahy dropyran1
2,3,6-trimethyl decane1
tricyclodecane1
2-methyl-1,3-cyclononadiene1
sinularene1
calarene epoxide1
8-methylene-2-exo-noradamantanol1
perilla alcohol1
4-methyl bicyclo-3,2,1-octan-3-ene1
beta-phellandrene1
5-(1-methyl propyl)-nonane1
3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane1
2,6,10,14-tetramethyl hexadecane1
2,3,5-trimethyl decane1
3-methyl dodecane1
6-isopropylidene-1-methyl bicyclo-3,1,0-hexane1
5,6-methylidene-2-norbornen-7-one1
2-methylene cycloheptanol1
isopulegol1
6-oxononanal1
alpha-phellandrene1
6-methylene bicyclo-3,2,0-heptane1
alpha-fenchene1
l-phellandrene1
11-1-ethylpropyl heneicosane1
3,5,24-trimethyl tetracontane1
2,3,5,8-tetramethyl decane1
1-methyl-4-1-methyl ethylidene cyclohexene1
7-butyl bicyclo-4,1,0-heptane1
methoxy methoxy cyclooctane1
3-methyl undecane1
3-methyl nonane1
alpha-longipinene1
aromadendrene1
alpha-caryophyllene1
3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene1
bicyclogermacrene1
dispiro-4,2,4,2-tetradecane1
3-methyl-2,3-dihydro benzofuran1
dihexyl sulfide1
1-tridecanol1
2-mehoxybenzaldehyde1
3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene1
2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-3,1,1-hept-2-ene1
1-methyl-5-1-methyl ethenyl cyclohexene1
2,4-dimethyl-1-decene1
2,4-dimethyl hexane1
2-methyl decane1
3,7-dimethyl decane1
1-fluoro dodecane1
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-tridecene1
1-chloro hexadecane1
3,6-dimethyl undecane1
naphthalene1
4,6-dimethyl undecane1
1,3-dimethyl butyl cyclohexane1
2,7-dimethyl undecane1
decyl oxirane1
1-hexyl-1-nitrocyclohexane1
o-decyl hydroxylamine1
PlantFamily
Perilla frutescenslamiaceae
Plant PartCount
leaves222
PlantCompoundPart%
Perilla frutescens 1-chloro hexadecane leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens 1-eicosanol leaves 0.66
Perilla frutescens 1-ethenyloxy octadecane leaves 0.14
Perilla frutescens 1-ethynyl-2-methyl cyclohexanol leaves 0.34
Perilla frutescens 1-fluoro dodecane leaves 0.12
Perilla frutescens 1-hexyl-1-nitrocyclohexane leaves 0.3
Perilla frutescens 1-methoxymethoxy dodecane leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens 1-methyl-4-1-methyl ethylidene cyclohexene leaves 0.62
Perilla frutescens 1-methyl-5-1-methyl ethenyl cyclohexene leaves 0.09
Perilla frutescens 1-tridecanol leaves 0.12
Perilla frutescens 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-tridecene leaves 0.12
Perilla frutescens 1,1,4,4,7,7,-hexamethyl cyclononane leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 1,1'-oxybis decane leaves 0.06
Perilla frutescens 1,1'-oxybis decane leaves 0.15
Perilla frutescens 1,1'-oxybis decane leaves 0.14
Perilla frutescens 1,3-dimethyl butyl cyclohexane leaves 0.16
Perilla frutescens 1,5-cyclooctadiyne leaves 0.24
Perilla frutescens 11-1-ethylpropyl heneicosane leaves 0.42
Perilla frutescens 2-2-tetrafuryl methyl tetrahy dropyran leaves 0.43
Perilla frutescens 2-beta-pinene leaves 3.02
Perilla frutescens 2-beta-pinene leaves 3.91
Perilla frutescens 2-beta-pinene leaves 5.65
Perilla frutescens 2-beta-pinene leaves 3.59
Perilla frutescens 2-ethyl hexyl ester leaves 1.42
Perilla frutescens 2-ethyl hexyl ester leaves 0.92
Perilla frutescens 2-ethyl hexyl ester leaves 0.78
Perilla frutescens 2-ethyl-1-decanol leaves 0.46
Perilla frutescens 2-ethyl-1-dodecanol leaves 0.2
Perilla frutescens 2-mehoxybenzaldehyde leaves 0.48
Perilla frutescens 2-methyl decane leaves 0.15
Perilla frutescens 2-methyl undecane leaves 0.16
Perilla frutescens 2-methyl-1,3-cyclononadiene leaves 0.52
Perilla frutescens 2-methylene cycloheptanol leaves 0.3
Perilla frutescens 2-undecenal leaves 0.31
Perilla frutescens 2,3-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.49
Perilla frutescens 2,3,5-trimethyl decane leaves 0.44
Perilla frutescens 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl decane leaves 0.19
Perilla frutescens 2,3,6-trimethyl decane leaves 0.6
Perilla frutescens 2,3,6,7-tetramethyl octane leaves 0.16
Perilla frutescens 2,4-dimethyl heptane leaves 0.12
Perilla frutescens 2,4-dimethyl heptane leaves 0.35
Perilla frutescens 2,4-dimethyl hexane leaves 0.08
Perilla frutescens 2,4-dimethyl-1-decene leaves 0.04
Perilla frutescens 2,5-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.47
Perilla frutescens 2,5,6-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene leaves 1.78
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl heptadecane leaves 0.23
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl heptadecane leaves 0.73
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl octane leaves 0.35
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl octane leaves 0.29
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.42
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.15
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.37
Perilla frutescens 2,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.39
Perilla frutescens 2,6,10-trimethyl dodecane leaves 0.28
Perilla frutescens 2,6,10,14-tetramethyl hexadecane leaves 0.25
Perilla frutescens 2,6,11-trimethyl dodecane leaves 0.25
Perilla frutescens 2,6,11-trimethyl dodecane leaves 0.24
Perilla frutescens 2,6,6-trimethyl bicyclo hept-2-ene leaves 3.26
Perilla frutescens 2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo-3,1,1-hept-2-ene leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens 2,6,7-trimethyl decane leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens 2,7-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.19
Perilla frutescens 2,8-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.57
Perilla frutescens 2,8-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.38
Perilla frutescens 3-ethyl octane leaves 0.53
Perilla frutescens 3-ethyl-3-methyl heptane leaves 0.09
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl decane leaves 0.32
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl decane leaves 0.18
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl dodecane leaves 0.32
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl nonane leaves 0.67
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl tridecane leaves 0.2
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl tridecane leaves 0.58
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl undecane leaves 0.51
Perilla frutescens 3-methyl-2,3-dihydro benzofuran leaves 0.09
Perilla frutescens 3,4-dimethyl cyclohexanol leaves 0.36
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl cyclohexanol leaves 0.29
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl cyclohexanol leaves 0.26
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl cyclohexanol leaves 0.31
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.24
Perilla frutescens 3,5-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.24
Perilla frutescens 3,5,24-trimethyl tetracontane leaves 0.53
Perilla frutescens 3,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.19
Perilla frutescens 3,7-dimethyl decane leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens 3,7-dimethyl nonane leaves 0.15
Perilla frutescens 3,7-dimethyl nonane leaves 0.14
Perilla frutescens 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene leaves 0.76
Perilla frutescens 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol leaves 2.7
Perilla frutescens 3,7,11-trimethyl-1-dodecanol leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,3,6,10-dodecatetraene leaves 6.88
Perilla frutescens 4-1-methyl ethenyl-1-cyclohexene-1-methanol leaves 1.48
Perilla frutescens 4-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl benzene leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl pyridine leaves 0.6
Perilla frutescens 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl pyridine leaves 0.56
Perilla frutescens 4-methyl bicyclo-3,2,1-octan-3-ene leaves 0.11
Perilla frutescens 4-methyl undecane leaves 0.34
Perilla frutescens 4-methyl undecane leaves 0.37
Perilla frutescens 4,4-dipropyl heptane leaves 0.09
Perilla frutescens 4,4-dipropyl heptane leaves 0.38
Perilla frutescens 4,4-dipropylheptane leaves 0.3
Perilla frutescens 4,6-dimethyl undecane leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens 5-(1-methyl propyl)-nonane leaves 0.18
Perilla frutescens 5-methyl styrene-1,6-heptadien-3-yne leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 5-methyl tetradecane leaves 0.28
Perilla frutescens 5,6-methylidene-2-norbornen-7-one leaves 0.24
Perilla frutescens 6-isopropylidene-1-methyl bicyclo-3,1,0-hexane leaves 0.81
Perilla frutescens 6-methylene bicyclo-3,2,0-heptane leaves 0.13
Perilla frutescens 6-oxononanal leaves 0.3
Perilla frutescens 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylene bicyclo-3,1,1-heptane leaves 0.45
Perilla frutescens 7-butyl bicyclo-4,1,0-heptane leaves 0.25
Perilla frutescens 8-methylene-2-exo-noradamantanol leaves 1.35
Perilla frutescens alpha-caryophyllene leaves 1.99
Perilla frutescens alpha-cubebene leaves 0.73
Perilla frutescens alpha-cubebene leaves 1.13
Perilla frutescens alpha-cubebene leaves 0.98
Perilla frutescens alpha-farnesene leaves 1.72
Perilla frutescens alpha-farnesene leaves 0.59
Perilla frutescens alpha-farnesene leaves 5.02
Perilla frutescens alpha-fenchene leaves 0.54
Perilla frutescens alpha-humulene leaves 0.45
Perilla frutescens alpha-humulene leaves 1.97
Perilla frutescens alpha-longipinene leaves 0.36
Perilla frutescens alpha-phellandrene leaves 0.06
Perilla frutescens alpha-pinene leaves 4.26
Perilla frutescens alpha-pinene leaves 6.42
Perilla frutescens alpha-pinene leaves 0.1
Perilla frutescens alpha-pinene leaves 2.65
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinene leaves 0.63
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinene leaves 0.88
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinenyl acetate leaves 0.45
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinolene leaves 0.67
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinolene leaves 1.02
Perilla frutescens alpha-terpinolene leaves 0.78
Perilla frutescens aromadendrene leaves 1.05
Perilla frutescens azulene leaves 1.45
Perilla frutescens azulene leaves 1.41
Perilla frutescens azulene leaves 1.33
Perilla frutescens azulene leaves 1.8
Perilla frutescens beta-bourbonene leaves 0.35
Perilla frutescens beta-bourbonene leaves 0.56
Perilla frutescens beta-myrcene leaves 0.57
Perilla frutescens beta-myrcene leaves 0.44
Perilla frutescens beta-myrcene leaves 1.31
Perilla frutescens beta-phellandrene leaves 0.18
Perilla frutescens bicyclogermacrene leaves 1.35
Perilla frutescens calarene epoxide leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens camphene leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens camphene leaves 0.1
Perilla frutescens camphene leaves 0.53
Perilla frutescens caryophyll-5-en-12-al leaves 0.65
Perilla frutescens caryophyllene leaves 5.49
Perilla frutescens caryophyllene leaves 52.34
Perilla frutescens caryophyllene leaves 32.33
Perilla frutescens caryophyllene leaves 24.84
Perilla frutescens cis-ocimene leaves 0.94
Perilla frutescens citral leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens citral leaves 0.36
Perilla frutescens copaene leaves 0.41
Perilla frutescens copaene leaves 1.12
Perilla frutescens cyclofenchene leaves 0.32
Perilla frutescens cyclofenchene leaves 0.85
Perilla frutescens decahydro naphthoxirene leaves 0.4
Perilla frutescens decyl oxirane leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens delta-3-carene leaves 0.1
Perilla frutescens delta-3-carene leaves 0.1
Perilla frutescens dihexyl sulfide leaves 0.26
Perilla frutescens dispiro-4,2,4,2-tetradecane leaves 0.35
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 1.79
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 2.41
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 2.44
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 1.97
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 2.37
Perilla frutescens dodecane leaves 0.14
Perilla frutescens dodecyloxy methyl oxirane leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens gamma-terpinene leaves 0.17
Perilla frutescens gamma-terpinene leaves 0.14
Perilla frutescens germacrene d leaves 3.78
Perilla frutescens germacrene d leaves 5.15
Perilla frutescens germacrene d leaves 1.73
Perilla frutescens germacrene d leaves 1.36
Perilla frutescens isooctanol leaves 0.07
Perilla frutescens isopulegol leaves 0.22
Perilla frutescens l-phellandrene leaves 0.16
Perilla frutescens limonene leaves 58.18
Perilla frutescens limonene leaves 137.24
Perilla frutescens limonene leaves 12.56
Perilla frutescens limonene leaves 54.66
Perilla frutescens limonene leaves 60.92
Perilla frutescens linalool leaves 1.64
Perilla frutescens linalool leaves 0.5
Perilla frutescens linalool leaves 4.15
Perilla frutescens linalool leaves 3.52
Perilla frutescens methoxy methoxy cyclooctane leaves 0.28
Perilla frutescens methyl benzoate leaves 21.31
Perilla frutescens methyl benzoate leaves 88.08
Perilla frutescens methyl benzoate leaves 112.46
Perilla frutescens methyl benzoate leaves 203.1
Perilla frutescens methyl benzoate leaves 122.67
Perilla frutescens methyl cyclooctane leaves 0.27
Perilla frutescens naphthalene leaves 0.84
Perilla frutescens o-decyl hydroxylamine leaves 0.21
Perilla frutescens perilla alcohol leaves 1.93
Perilla frutescens phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester leaves 0.21
Perilla frutescens phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester leaves 0.28
Perilla frutescens pulegone leaves 0.62
Perilla frutescens sabinene leaves 0.62
Perilla frutescens sabinene leaves 0.56
Perilla frutescens sabinene leaves 2.05
Perilla frutescens sinularene leaves 1.13
Perilla frutescens tetradecane leaves 3.12
Perilla frutescens tetradecane leaves 2.9
Perilla frutescens tetradecane leaves 1.84
Perilla frutescens tetradecane leaves 2.81
Perilla frutescens tetradecane leaves 3.15
Perilla frutescens transcaryophyllene leaves 26.04
Perilla frutescens tricyclodecane leaves 3.46
Perilla frutescens tridecane leaves 5.36
Perilla frutescens tridecane leaves 3.33
Perilla frutescens tridecane leaves 5.15
Perilla frutescens tridecane leaves 5.09
Perilla frutescens tridecane leaves 4.5
Perilla frutescens undecane leaves 0.37
Perilla frutescens undecane leaves 0.35