coriandrum sativum l. is a widely cultivated aromatic herb exhibiting substantial variation in essential oil quality and yield among different accessions. this study assessed germination performance, essential oil composition, yield, chemotype distribution, and fragrance characteristics in 48 c. sativum accessions collected from 19 countries spanning four k"oppen-geiger climate zones: tropical/subtropical, arid/semi-arid, temperate, and continental/cold. all accessions were grown under standardized field conditions, and essential oils were extracted from aerial parts using steam distillation followed by direct-gc/ms analysis. seed germination rates were consistently high (mean: 92.25 +/- 5.85%; range: 71-100%) and did not differ significantly by climate zone (kruskal-wallis h = 5.500, p = 0.139) or country of origin (h = 21.833, p = 0.240), indicating that post-harvest management, rather than climatic provenance, primarily determines seed viability. essential oil profiles were dominated by (e)-2-decenal (mean: 44.56%), decanal (11.75%), and 2-dodecenal (13.47%). principal component analysis (pca) of 18 compounds detected in at least 19 accessions accounted for 70.16% of total variance across five components, with pc1 reflecting a gradient from long-chain saturated aldehyde accumulation to linalool enrichment. permutational multivariate analysis of variance (permanova) demonstrated significant compositional differentiation among climate zones (pseudo-f = 1.662, p = 0.028), whereas country-level grouping was not significant (p = 0.256). tropical/subtropical accessions exhibited the highest linalool content (mean: 15.39 +/- 8.71%) and essential oil yield (mean: 0.269 +/- 0.120% v/w), significantly surpassing arid/semi-arid and temperate zones (p < 0.05). two chemotypes were identified, (e)-2-decenal (91.7%) and linalool (8.3%), each associated with distinct fragrance profiles (earthy/aldehydic/woody versus herbal/sweet, respectively). these findings demonstrate that climate zone of origin is significantly associated with c. sativum essential oil composition and productivity, with tropical/subtropical accessions providing superior yield and linalool content. chemotype characterization offers an additional criterion for germplasm selection in targeted industrial applications.