|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
para-methyl anisole
|
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173946
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
cyclopentadecanolide
|
|
lactones
|
inflorescence
|
7.9
|
173957
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
benzyl butyrate
|
|
wax monoesters
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173959
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
(z)-3-hexenyl benzoate
|
|
simple phenolic acids
|
inflorescence
|
5.3
|
173962
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
piperitone epoxide
|
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173969
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
methyl linolenate
|
|
wax monoesters
|
inflorescence
|
2.1
|
173976
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
methyl linoleate
|
|
wax monoesters
|
inflorescence
|
2.2
|
173977
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
methyl carvacrol
|
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173979
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
2-amylfuran
|
|
furans
|
inflorescence
|
3.5
|
174000
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
2(e),4(z)-decadienal
|
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
174001
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
2(e),4(e)-decadienal
|
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
2.5
|
174002
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
(e)-2-nonenal
|
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
1.2
|
174006
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
(e)-2-hexanal
|
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
21.4
|
174007
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
camphor
|
analgesic & counter-irritant, anti-microbial & anti-viral
|
camphane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
6.5
|
173958
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
camphor
|
analgesic & counter-irritant, anti-microbial & anti-viral
|
camphane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
2.6
|
173988
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
borneol
|
anti--inflammatory & anti-oxidant
|
camphane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173991
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
1,8-cineole
|
anti--inflammatory, anti-microbial, mucolytic, bronchodilator, anti-oxidant
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
16.3
|
174003
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
limonene
|
anti--inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer,anti-microbial
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173951
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
limonene
|
anti--inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer,anti-microbial
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173982
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
alpha-pinene
|
anti--inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
|
pinane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
1.4
|
173998
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
para-cymenene
|
anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173971
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
tridecanal
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal (limited evidence)
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
2.9
|
173964
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
methyl hexadecanoate
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti--inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective
|
wax monoesters
|
inflorescence
|
1.2
|
173978
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
octanal
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant (limited), plant volatile
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
2.6
|
173973
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
cis-para-menth-2-en-1-ol
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173986
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
menthone
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, analgesic
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
1.5
|
173980
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
pulegone
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, insecticidal (hepatotoxic at high doses)
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173968
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
phenyl acetaldehyde
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, insect attractant, flavor compound
|
cinnamic acids and derivatives
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173970
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
methyl chavicol
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, insecticidal (genotoxicity reported at high doses)
|
cinnamic acids and derivatives
|
inflorescence
|
42.5
|
173949
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
undecanal
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, plant volatile, insect attractant
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173963
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
decanal
|
anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, plant volatile, insect semiochemical
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
2.8
|
173985
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
alpha-terpinene
|
anti-bacterial; anti-fungal; anti-oxidant; anti--inflammatory; anti-viral; insecticidal
|
monocyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173997
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
allo-aromadendrene
|
anti-bacterial; anti-fungal; anti-oxidant; anti--inflammatory; cytotoxic
|
aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173961
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
delta-cadinene
|
anti-bacterial; anti-fungal; anti-oxidant; anti--inflammatory; insecticidal; phytoalexin , anti-cancer effects
|
cadinane sesquiterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173956
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
(e)-beta-ocimene
|
anti-microbial & anti-fungal
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
174005
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
terpinen-4-ol
|
anti-microbial, anti--inflammatory, and anti--cancer
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173966
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
beta-pinene
|
anti-microbial, anti--inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties
|
pinane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173993
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
alpha-terpineol
|
anti-microbial, anti--inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
2.2
|
173996
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
nonanal
|
anti-microbial, anti-fungal
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173948
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
nonanal
|
anti-microbial, anti-fungal
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
3.6
|
173974
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
benzaldehyde
|
anti-microbial, anti-fungal, and insecticidal agent, alongside potential anti-tumor properties
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173994
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
carvacrol
|
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti--inflammatory
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173987
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
linalool
|
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
5.6
|
173950
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
linalool
|
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
9.8
|
173981
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
nerol
|
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, anti-fungal
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173975
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
(z)-beta-ocimene
|
anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, insect semiochemical
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
174004
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
acetophenone
|
anti-microbial, cytotoxic potential
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173999
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
alpha-thujone
|
anti-microbial, insecticidal, neuroactive
|
thujane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
3.2
|
173995
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
beta-thujone
|
anti-microbial; anti-fungal; insecticidal; neuroactive (gaba receptor antagonist); toxic at high doses
|
thujane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
1.6
|
173992
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
hexadecanal
|
anti-microbial; insect semiochemical
|
fatty aldehydes
|
inflorescence
|
2.8
|
173952
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
camphene
|
anti-oxidant & cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, anti-microbial & anti-fungal, anti-cancer potential and anti--inflammatory
|
camphane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173989
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
terpinolene
|
anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, and sedative bioactivities
|
NA
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173965
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
para-cymene
|
anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173947
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
para-cymene
|
anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, anti-microbial, analgesic
|
menthane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
12.1
|
173972
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
geraniol
|
anti-oxidant, anti--inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor properties
|
acyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173983
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
gamma-terpinene
|
anti-oxidant, anti-microbial & anti-fungal,anti--inflammatory and anti-nociceptive
|
monocyclic monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
3.2
|
173984
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
fenchone
|
anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-spasmodic
|
fenchane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
2.8
|
173954
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
sabinene
|
anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti--inflammatory
|
thujane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173967
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
dodecane
|
limited reports; solvent/hydrocarbon
|
hydrocarbons
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173955
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
tetradecane
|
no established bioactivity
|
hydrocarbons
|
inflorescence
|
4.6
|
173944
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
pentacosane
|
plant metabolite, insect semiochemical, anti-bacterial (limited evidence)
|
hydrocarbons
|
inflorescence
|
9.5
|
173945
|
|
Echinops ritro
|
asteraceae
|
bornyl acetate
|
prominent anti--inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective biological activities
|
camphane monoterpenoids
|
inflorescence
|
0.05
|
173990
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
benzyl benzoate
|
scabicidal, pediculicidal, anti-parasitic, anti-microbial
|
simple phenolic acids
|
inflorescence
|
6.3
|
173960
|
|
Echinops graecus
|
asteraceae
|
heptacosane
|
structural hydrocarbon, limited bioactivity
|
hydrocarbons
|
inflorescence
|
6.1
|
173953
|
